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1
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Development of the Polish non-life insurance market and macroeconomic stabilization of the Polish economy in 2000-2020

100%
Rojek K.
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
|
2022
|
vol. 39
|
issue 4
5-23
EN
The paper presents the results of research on the relationship between the deve-lopment of the Polish non-life insurance market and macroeconomic stability of the Polish economy in 2000-2020. The research was based on The Method of Zero Unitarization (construction of a synthetic indicator of the Polish non-life insurance market development), the Pentagon of Macroeconomic Stabilization and a cross-correlogram (study of the relationship between the two variables).
2
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Unfair practices in the insurance market: describing unfair clauses

100%
Wieteska S.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
|
2018
|
vol. 21
|
issue 8
47-55
EN
In a market economy, the protection of consumer rights is an extremely important issue. This also applies to the insurance market where these issues are generally understood as ones related to the conclusion and execution of insurance contracts. The insured person is exposed to many dangers, being the weaker party in the insurance market, since insurance companies, as professionals, can easily impose convenient transaction terms. The article aims to identify market practices including unfair terms imposed by insurance companies. It provides examples of such unfair terms and conditions in the form of so-called abusive clauses in insurance contracts and points to the consequences of their use.
3
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Nieuczciwe praktyki na rynku ubezpieczeniowym – klauzule abuzywne

100%
Wieteska S.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
|
2011
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vol. 14
|
issue 2
4
Content available remote

Autonomous Vehicles – Challenges for the Insurance Industry

80%
Majewski P.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
|
2017
|
vol. 12
|
issue 1
67-77
EN
The objective of this article is to identify and analyse opportunities and threats for the insurance industry related to the popularisation of autonomous vehicles. The analysis uses the data and forecasts included in reports of independent research institutions, which forecast the tempo of development of autonomous vehicle technologies. In the following few years, the global model of transport is going to change as it will gradually move away from the model of possessing individual vehicles and towards using a fleet of autonomous vehicles depending on current needs. The fundamental motivation for changes will be safety, comfort and lower costs. A direct result of the technological revolution for the insurance industry is a reduction of the amount of paid compensation, which is related to the improvement in the safety of road traffic. However, the new model of individual transport is going to dramatically reduce the number of vehicles on roads, and therefore it will result in a significant drop in the income for insurers coming from selling vehicle insurance policies, which currently is one of the most significant sources of income for numerous markets.
5
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Nieetyczne zachowania ubezpieczonych na polskim rynku ubezpieczeń

80%
Wieteska S.
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
|
2012
|
vol. 15
241-249
EN
For many years we have observed the occurrence of extorting compensation from insurance companies. The scale of it is not fully identified. Despite the enormous effort to combat with this phenomenon, the size of it is still growing. The article discusses the reasons for this phenomenon, especially motivation and tendency of the insured to fraud. It also presents the economic consequences of the phenomenon for insurance companies.
6

The Impact of Major Natural Disasters on the System and the Insurance Market of the Interwar Poland

80%
Kasperski W.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2017
|
vol. 27
|
issue 2 English Online Version
29-46
EN
The article is an attempt to present the problem of natural disasters and their influence on the economy and the functioning of the insurance market during the interwar period in Poland. The Author reveals the picture of Poland grappling with a number of challenges such as the unification of the legislation or rebuilding of the economy deteriorated by the war. The country had to increase its expenditure in the aftermath of natural disasters. Poland is presented as a state that had to cope with disasters and various economic turbulences every three years on average. As early as in 1921, the whole territory of Poland was struck by scorching heats resulting in huge loses in its economy, especially in agriculture. Mid 1920s was a period of raging inflation but also a struggle with the flood, which had been the greatest natural disaster in the territory of Poland in over three centuries. The years 1926–1929 were the heyday for the Polish economy, yet Poland suffered the first signs of an economic breakdown in 1929. In the summer of 1928, it had faced a tornado that destroyed houses, obliterated forests and claimed the lives of many. A similar occurrence was recorded in 1931 in the area of Lublin, where a hurricane of unprecedented force ravaged the land. The turn of the year 1929 went down in the history of our nation as the winter of the century. Another flood ravaged Poland in 1934, when the country had not yet fully recovered after the economic collapse caused by the Great Depression. The flood caused losses exceeding 84 million zloty. The Author also presents changes in the legislation of that time forced by the disasters and, above all, the law concerning prevention of fire and other natural disasters. It was a law which owing to the support of insurers enabled fire brigades and fire fighter units to develop so that the general public and its property could be safeguarded against disasters in the future.
7
Content available remote

Personal Liability Insurance

80%
Bak J.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
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2012
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vol. 7
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issue 1
87-94
EN
Personal liability insurance is still not popular as a way to cover accidental injury or damage to the property of a third party. The aim of the conducted research was to identify the limit of coverage and popularity of personal liability insurance on the Polish insurance market. This article presents the number of insurers offering personal liability insurance, the number of policies and the gross written premiums from 2004 until 2009. In depth analysis of the personal liability insurance, general conditions was conducted and the popularity of personal liability insurance among the employees of the Marshal's Office in Olsztyn was surveyed.
8
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Insurance Market Development in Comparison With Other Financial Markets Segments in Poland in the Prosperity and Recession

80%
Ostrowska D.
Oeconomia Copernicana
|
2014
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vol. 5
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issue 3
153-170
EN
The problem undertaken in this article is to reduce the dynamics of the financial market in Poland in the period of crisis. The aim of this paper is to analyze the pace of the market development, taking into account the changes that have taken place in the insurance market. Research period covers the years of prosperity and the recession.
9
Content available remote

Stakeholders on the Insurance Market

80%
Witkowska J.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
|
2014
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vol. 9
|
issue 3
215-223
EN
The aim of this study was to identify and describe the stakeholders on the insurance market and their expectations towards insurers. Insurance companies conduct operations on the financial market by collaborating with various market actors, including the owners, managers and employees of insurance undertakings, exclusive agents, independent agents, insurance brokers, private and institutional clients, banks, reinsurers, outsourcing companies, market competitors, insurance organizations, providers of business support services, research and development organizations and members of the community. Each stakeholder group has specific expectations towards insurers.
10
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Czy polski model pośrednictwa ubezpieczeniowego jest moralnie poprawny?

80%
Stanny D.
Prakseologia
|
2010
|
issue 150
231-239
EN
The aim of this article is to present the problem of moral fairness of Polish insurance market. According to Polish law and Polish Brokers Code Of Conduct broker should act for the benefit of insured individuals. However, the fact that brokers are paid a courtage (broker fee) by insurers allows to doubt whether brokers always act genuinely for the benefit of their customers. Two different answers to the question were analysed: one suggested by P. Sukiennik and the other offered by J. Kliszcz. P. Sukiennik claims that broker fee must be transparent for clients. He thinks that the transparency results in lowering the total amount of commission and finally it increases the quality of brokerage. J. Kliszcz insists that nowadays regulation is sufficient in guarantying clients’ interests. He maintains that a client is not interested in getting to know the broker fee, but in lowering the total price of service. From the ethical point of view one can say that both authors tacitly accept the utilitarian perspective. However, they judge differently the existing practices and thus give different prescriptions.
11
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Polish Insurance Market Compared to Selected European Countries in the Years 2000-2010

80%
Witkowska J.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
|
2012
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vol. 7
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issue 2
229-238
EN
This paper presents the insurance market in Poland and selected European countries. The most important parameters characterising this segment of the financial market were used. The premiums written, population and GDP were analysed to outline the major changes occurring among the insurers operating in Poland and the CEA1 member countries.
12
Content available remote

Attitudes and decisions of the motor insurance buyers in Poland

70%
Borda M., Jędrzychowska A.
Business and Economic Horizons
|
2012
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
23-32
EN
Motor insurance constitutes the most popular type of insurance products purchased in Poland and consequently the largest part of non-life insurance sector. In this paper the selected results of the questionnaire survey concerning attitudes and choices of the motor insurance buyers on the Polish market are presented. First, the current situation on the Polish motor insurance market is discussed. Next, the scope of the motor insurance held by respondents, their forms and used distribution channels are analysed. The stress is put on the level of the customers` loyalty to the current insurer, as well as the factors influencing the choice of a specific insurance company and its offer. Finally, the results of the analysis concerning the statistical interdependencies between selected characteristics of the respondents are considered.The conducted research can be useful in practice for the insurance companies, interested in improving their motor insurance offer, as well as the insurance intermediaries serving individual customers.
13

Inwestycyjny charakter ubezpieczeń na życie z ubezpieczeniowym funduszem kapitałowym

70%
Jedynak T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2013
|
issue 919
51-64
EN
The paper considers the issue of unit-linked life insurance, and seeks to verify two hypotheses: that unit-linked life insurance products available on the Polish market have an investment character, and that their main purpose is to multiply invested capital. The study was based on a detailed analysis of the General Terms and Conditions of Insurance, a review of the market of unit-linked life insurance with a particular emphasis on the insurers’ marketing communication and available statistics. It was found that there was no basis to reject the hypotheses, which means that the unit-linked life insurance products in the Polish market represent an alternative form of investment to those offered by other financial institutions. It was also found that the protective part in these products is marginal, and the aim of isolating it is strictly for the legal classification of certain products like unit-linked life insurance.
14
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New categories of spare parts and their impact on the increase of insurance crime in automobile insurance

70%
Lewicki W., Stankiewicz B.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2017
|
issue 482
130-139
EN
The introduction in 2003 of ‘sectoral exemptions’ in the automotive industry was vital for the economic policies of the European Union by providing consumers with easy access to goods and services for the automotive market, and maximally similar prices. Before the introduction of the regulation, they were required to assemble and sell spare parts only signed by the manufactures cars, calling them original parts. Regulation defined the term ‘original parts’ and ‘alternative parts’ as the elements installed in the car to its components, which are necessary for the proper functioning of the vehicle. Although few years has already passed since the GVO regulations has been introduced, the analysis of the components of the compensations paid out still shows that prices of the spare parts that are included in the general amounts of the repairs’ costs of the cars and which are reimbursed by the insurance companies is significant. The issue of the spare parts choice within the process of the motor loss adjustment still are a big research problem especially considering the increase of the crime committed in the field of the automobile insurance in Poland.
15
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Impact of foreign capital on the insurance market development in the Visegrad Group countries

70%
Bukowski S. I., Lament M.
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
|
2019
|
issue 38
33-45
EN
Insurance markets are developing under the influence of various factors, which are divided into economic, demographic, social and cultural. The share of foreign insurance companies is treated as one of the structural factors. Research on this subject does not confirm unambiguously the influence of foreign capital on the development of insurance markets. Analysis of dependencies between foreign capital and the development of the insurance market in the Visegrad Group countries are the prime objectives of the research presented in this paper. The following research hypothesis has been advanced: the share of foreign capital is a determinant of the development of insurance markets as measured by the growth in the written premium and measured by the growth in the insurance penetration rate. In search of an answer to the query and in order to verify the research hypothesis, a critical review of the literature is undertaken, contents of factors which influence the development of insurance markets are analysed, and econometric methods are applied. A panel model is constructed and results of the model estimation are analysed to verify the hypothesis. The study has corroborated the research hypothesis. This study has covered insurers active in the Visegrad Group insurance markets in 1999-2016 using annual figures. Data of these insurance markets are derived from the OECD.
16
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Insurance Market in the Light of Covid-19 Pandemic

70%
Ratowska-Dziobiak E.
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
|
2022
|
issue 2 (Numer Specjalny)
73-86
EN
The COVID-19 pandemic has been compared to world wars or other tragic events in terms of the death toll it has taken and huge economic losses it has caused. It is not a finished process, so it is difficult to predict the scale of its impact. According to IMF estimates, the contraction of the world economy will be much greater than in the years of the financial crisis of 2008–2009. The negative effects in different countries may depend on the severity and extent of the applied lock-down or interventions undertaken by governments. Changes taking place in various sectors of the economy are of a different nature. The effects of the pandemic can be also seen in the insurance segment. The aim of this article is to find answers to the following research questions: To what extent did the COVID-19 pandemic affect the situation on the insurance market? In which areas are its consequences particularly visible? What kind of opportunities and threats does the pandemic bring from the perspective of the insurance market? Methodology. The analysis used available scientific publications, reports prepared by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority, Polish Insurance Association and entities conducting brokerage activities or selected consulting companies. The result of the research. In a few days, in March 2020, a real revolution took place on the insurance market. The insurers faced the need to introduce completely remote customer service. They also had to launch new tools, which in many cases were still in the testing phase and which they did not have the opportunity to use on a large scale. With the onset of the pandemic, they were quickly implemented. It was related to additional funds, huge commitment and discipline of all employees, liquidators, agents, sales departments, and administration. Consequent on this, clients gained full access to all services and insurance products, without leaving home. On the other hand, pandemic has led to the significant changes within the demand for the insurance services and customers’ expectations, but also to growing scale of damages and compensation paid to the clients leading to the higher insurance premiums.
17
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Zmiany w kanale agencyjnym na rynku ubezpieczeniowym w Polsce

61%
Lisowski J., Zieniewicz M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2015
|
vol. 49
|
issue 4
EN
The purpose of this article is to answer the question: what are the major changes in the agency channel on the Polish insurance market and the factors shaping it? The agency channel in Poland awaits a number of important changes that will influence its development. In legal terms, the most important change will be the new EU directive IDD (IMD2) and changes in Polish law that will be implemented under its influence. Among the socio-economic factors, insurance awareness and low confidence in the insurance sector, and to the agent itself are particulary important. New technologies but will require expenditures adaptive agents and agents will force the use of the new facilities available in contact with clients and insurance companies. A significant impact on the activities of insurance agents in Poland will also have the situation in the insurance industry in Poland and in the world, because the agent’s commission depends on the contribution paid by the customer. There are also anticipated the changes in terms of the agent skill profile.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytania: jakie są najważniejsze zmiany w kanale agencyjnym na polskim rynku ubezpieczeń i jakie czynniki je kształtują? Kanał agencyjny w Polsce czeka szereg istotnych zmian, które będą wpływać na jego rozwój. Pod względem prawnym najważniejszą zmianą będzie nowa dyrektywa unijna IDD (IMD2) i zmiany w prawie polskim, jakie zostaną wdrożone pod jej wpływem. Wśród czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych szczególne znaczenie ma świadomość ubezpieczeniowa i niskie zaufanie do sektora ubezpieczeniowego oraz do samego agenta. Nowe technologie natomiast będą wymagały od agentów nakładów adaptacyjnych oraz wymuszą na nich korzystanie z nowych, dostępnych ułatwień kontaktu z klientami i zakładami ubezpieczeń. Istotny wpływ na działalność agentów ubezpieczeniowych w Polsce będzie mieć również sytuacja w branży ubezpieczeniowej w Polsce i na świecie, gdyż wynagrodzenie agenta zależy od składki płaconej przez klienta. Przewiduje się też zmiany pod względem profilu specjalizacji agenta.
18

Wpływ innowacyjnych technologii na funkcjonowanie rynku ubezpieczeniowego

61%
Łańcucki J.
Prawo Asekuracyjne
|
2019
|
vol. 2(99)
6-22
PL
Coraz częściej innowacyjne technologie są wykorzystywane również na rynku ubezpieczeniowym. Jednak analizując i oceniając ich wpływ na ten rynek, należy brać pod uwagę nie tylko dystrybutorów produktów i usług ubezpieczeniowych, ale i instytucje realizujące zadania regulacyjne i nadzorcze, a także, a może przede wszystkim, klientów i konsumentów. W artykule starano się przeanalizować przesłanki, korzyści i bariery związane z wykorzystaniem innowacyjnych technologii ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem analityki dużych zbiorów danych, sztucznej inteligencji oraz możliwości absorpcji innowacyjnych produktów i usług przez ich nabywców. Zwrócono uwagę na to, że przy ocenie przydatności innowacyjnych technologii na rynku ubezpieczeniowym ważne jest konfrontowanie oferty produktowej przedstawionej przez zakłady ubezpieczeń i pośredników z oczekiwaniami, potrzebami i umiejętnościami nabywców tych produktów.
EN
Innovative technologies are being increasingly used on the insurance market, as well. However, while analyzing and assessing their impact on the market what must be taken into account are not only distributors of insurance services, but also institutions performing regulatory and supervisory tasks, and perhaps above all, customers and consumers. The present article seeks to analyze the conditions, benefits and barriers associated with the application of innovative technologies with special regard to big data analytics, artificial intelligence and the possibility of absorption of innovative products and services by their customers. It has been emphasized that while evaluating the suitability of innovative technologies for the insurance market it is vital to confront product offers provided by insurance undertakings and intermediaries with the expectations, needs and skills of the purchasers of these products.
19
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Rynek ubezpieczeń następstw nieszczęśliwych wypadków dzieci i młodzieży szkolnej w świetle zaleceń Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego oraz raportu Rzecznika Finansowego

61%
Pacewicz M.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2018
|
issue 541
198-207
PL
Celem opracowania jest wskazanie konsekwencji wynikających z wprowadzenia wytycznych Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego w zakresie dystrybucji ubezpieczeń następstw nieszczęśliwych wypadków dzieci i młodzieży szkolnej. W pracy przedstawiono dotychczasowy sposób oferowania możliwości skorzystania z ochrony ubezpieczeniowej przy uwzględnieniu dodatkowego wynagrodzenia lub innej gratyfikacji na rzecz ubezpieczającego lub podmiotu działającego na rzecz lub w imieniu ubezpieczonego. Przedstawiono zmianę sytuacji rynkowej i aktualnego sposobu dystrybucji tego ubezpieczenia przez zakłady ubezpieczeń, które muszą przestrzegać wprowadzonych zaleceń, co zmienia zarówno kształt produktu, jak i sposób dystrybucji. Opracowanie ujmuje opis pozytywnych i negatywnych skutków wprowadzonych zmian. Praca ukazuje przyszły kształt produktu ubezpieczenia NNW szkolnego, który z formy grupowej transformuje się na formę głównie indywidualną, tracąc jednocześnie swój powszechny charakter.
EN
The aim of this study is to indicate the consequences resulting from the introduction of the guidelines of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority in the field of the distribution of insurance of consequences of mishap of children and teenagers who attend school. The paper presents the current method of offering the possibility of using the insurance cover, taking into account premium or other gratification for the policyholder or somebody who acts for or on behalf of the insured. The article also shows the change of a market situation and the current method of distribution of this insurance by insurance companies, which have to respect provided recommendations and that completely changes the shape of both: the product and the method of distribution. The study includes a description of the positive and negative effects of the provided changes. The work shows the future shape of the NNW school insurance product, which formed from a group form transforms into a mainly individual form losing its universal character.
20
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Konwergencja rynku kapitałowego i ubezpieczeniowego – identyfikacja czynników

61%
Błach J. K., Wieczorek-Kosmala M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
|
2015
|
vol. 49
|
issue 4
EN
The main problem presented in this article is related to the process of the convergence of capital and insurance markets. The process of convergence is understood as a kind of inter-merger under which insurers and (other) financial institutions participate each other in their markets. This process results in  the creation and application of new instruments, in this Insurance-Linked Securities (ILS) that allow to transfer insurance risk to the capital market. ILS are mainly used by insurers and (other) financial institutions, while non-financial entities use them to a lesser extent.The purpose of this article is to identify the main drivers of the process of convergence.  We propose here two groups of drivers: intermarket ones (considered from the individual perspective of each market) and intramarket ones (common to both markets). Identification and systematization of these drivers enhances a better  understanding of the convergence mechanism , as well as the applicability of its effects.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest proces konwergencji rynku kapitałowego i rynku ubezpieczeniowego, rozumiany jako swego rodzaju międzysektorowa fuzja, w ramach której ubezpieczyciele i (pozostałe) instytucje finansowe partycypują wzajemnie w swoich rynkach. Efektem tego procesu jest powstawanie nowych instrumentów, w tym Insurance-Linked Securities (ILS), które umożliwiają transfer ryzyka ubezpieczeniowego na rynek kapitałowy. Z innowacji tych korzystają przede wszystkim ubezpieczyciele i (pozostałe) instytucje finansowe, w mniejszym stopniu podmioty niefinansowe.Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja czynników procesu konwergencji rynku kapitałowego i ubezpieczeniowego, z wyróżnieniem czynników wewnątrzrynkowych (rozpatrywanych odrębnie dla każdego rynku) oraz międzyrynkowych (współwystępujących dla obu rynków). Identyfikacja i uporządkowanie tych czynników pozwala lepiej zrozumieć mechanizm procesu konwergencji, a także możliwości aplikacji jego efektów.  
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