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EN
The article is devoted to the influence of the phenomenon of the nutritional transition, and the epiphenomenon causally connected with it – the socio‑economic development and institutional changes taking place in contemporary nation‑states. This paper discusses the most important political, economic and natural costs combined with nutritional transition. The author tries to show the main obstacles to the effective implementation of political decisions on particular areas of social reality, and taken in the situation of rising costs (as a consequence of the deteriorating health condition of citizens and ways of industrial food production) to maintain healthcare systems, pension systems and the protection of the natural environment. The current eating habits and the epidemic of obesity were recognized as a new, yet usually omitted in political science, factor defining long term potential and capability of states and indirectly their position as a subjective actors in international relations.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie identyfikacji i zarządzania konfliktem interesów, jaki pojawia się zarówno w działalności, jak i przy dystrybucji produktów ubezpieczeniowych – z perspektywy zakładu ubezpieczeń. Zarówno w literaturze, jak i w praktyce rynku finansowego ryzyko konfliktu interesów jest istotnym elementem polityki zarządzania ryzykiem, polityki zarządzania ryzykiem zgodności (compliance) oraz kodeksów etyki. Problemy związane z konfliktem interesów omówiono w świetle obowiązujących regulacji unijnych i krajowych (m.in. dyrektywa w sprawie dystrybucji ubezpieczeń, dyrektywa Wypłacalność II, unijne rozporządzenia delegowane, ustawa o dystrybucji ubezpieczeń, ustawa o działalności ubezpieczeniowej i reasekuracyjnej, wytyczne i rekomendacje Komisji Nadzoru Finansowego). Zwrócono uwagę na szczególnie narażone na istnienie konfliktu interesów tworzenie i dystrybucję ubezpieczeniowych produktów inwestycyjnych. Przedstawiono procedury i środki w ramach polityki zapobiegania konfliktom interesów.
EN
This article presents the issue of identification and management of conflicts of interest, which appear in the operation as well as distribution of insurance products – from the perspective of an insurance undertaking. Both in theory and practice, the risk of conflicts of interest is an important element of the risk management policy, compliance policy and codes of conduct in the financial market. The questions related to conflicts of interest have been discussed in the light of the relevant European and national regulations (Insurance Distribution Directive, Solvency II Directive, the EU delegated regulations, Insurance and Reinsurance Activity Act, guidelines and recommendations of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority KNF). It has been emphasized that both the creation and distribution of insurance-based investment products are particularly vulnerable to conflicts of interest. Finally, the procedures and measures in the prevention policy have been presented.
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