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Słowo krąży w świecie. Rozważania nad internacjonalizmem "lordoza" i jego indoeuropejską genezą

100%
Kaczyńska E.
Świat i Słowo
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2022
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vol. 39
|
issue 2
281-295
EN
A word goes around the world. Considerations on the internationalism lordosis and its Indo-European origin Like many other internationalisms, the Polish medical term lordoza (cf. English lordosis, German Lordose, Czech lordóza etc.) ‘anterior curvature of the spine, producing convexity in front (occurring as a physical deformity)’ stems from Ancient Greek. The various national languages took over not only the form, but also the original meaning of the Greek noun λόρδωσις; the latter is based on the verb λορδόω ‘to bend backwards’, which, in turn, derives from the adjective λορδός ‘bent backwards’. Morphological analysis makes it evident that Gk. λορδός (which reflects the apophonic variant *lord-) is etymologically related to the Indo-European verbal root *lerd-, which is confirmed by certain Indo-Aryan verbal formations (e.g. Sanskrit lardayati ‘s/he loads’). It is suggested on the basis of assorted lexical data that the Indo-European root *lerd- apparently meant ‘to carry a burden’ > ‘to bend backwards due to a heavy burden’ > ‘to contort, deform’. The reconstruction of the original meaning of the verbal root *lerd- allows us to assume the original sense for λορδός ‘bent backwards under the influence of the weight carried’. Thus, the word under discussion, λόρδωσις, originally denoted the ‘physiological bending of the spine caused by carrying a heavy load’.
2
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Kontrastywne ujęcie stopnia internacjonalizacji inwentarzy podręczników do nauczania języków polskiego i węgierskiego jako obcych

72%
Bodziony Z.
Polonica
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2021
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vol. 41
5-22
EN
Internationalisms are one of the means which support foreign language learners. They are particularly important when a target language differs to a great extent from the learner’s native language – as is the case with Polish and Hungarian. This paper presents a study which aims to determine whether the international vocabulary is used by the authors of selected Polish and Hungarian as foreign language student’s books. The contrastive quantitative analysis of the books’ content allows not only to show and compare the number of the international words which can be found there but also to make a reflection on the reasons of the observed differences.
PL
Internacjonalizmy są jednym ze środków wspierających ucznia podczas nauki języka obcego. Szczególnie ważną rolę odgrywają wówczas, gdy język docelowy w dużym stopniu różni się od języka wyjściowego, jak to jest np. w relacji polski – węgierski. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje badanie, którego celem jest sprawdzenie, czy autorzy podręczników do nauki języków polskiego i węgierskiego jako obcych wykorzystują słownictwo internacjonalne po to, by ułatwić przyswajanie tychże języków. Kontrastywna analiza liczbowa inwentarzy podręczników pozwala nie tylko na przedstawienie i porównanie stopnia ich internacjonalizacji, ale także na refleksję na temat przyczyn zaobserwowanych różnic.
3
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Contemporary Contrastive Studies of Polish, Bulgarian and Russian Neologisms versus Language Corpora

72%
Satoła-Staśkowiak J.
Cognitive Studies
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2013
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issue 13
EN
Contemporary Contrastive Studies of Polish, Bulgarian and Russian Neologisms versus Language CorporaIn the field of Slavonic linguistics contrastive studies of neologisms occupy little place, the newest words are insufficiently described and classified. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the need for contrastive description of the newest lexis and checking exclusively one of many possibilities of obtaining Polish, Bulgarian and Russian neologisms. Language corpora, as this possibility is in question, are not the only source from which the author obtains her research material, yet a growing interest in corpora has inspired her to also use this method. The author wants to show the reader to what degree language corpora can help in building the thesaurus of Polish, Bulgarian and Russian neologisms. Making an attempt to confront a collection of neologisms of contemporary Polish, Bulgarian and Russian language, the author points out the need to standardize the description (identical for each of the analysed languages), which she intends to propose in another publications on neologisms in Polish, Bulgarian and Russian language. The application of contrastive method to three different but related languages from the Slavonic group will help, in her opinion, to discover more mechanisms of new words coming into existence and examine the newest derivative processes and their productivity.
4
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Miejsce internacjonalizacji w systemie słowotwórczym języka polskiego i języka arabskiego na przykładzie międzynarodowych formacji imiennych z prefiksem anty-

71%
Król I.
Polonica
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2020
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vol. 40
EN
This paper presents a contrastive Polish-Arabic analysis of the strategies of equivalentization of internationalisms present in both language systems based on the  example of nouns and adjectives with the anti- prefix. Its conclusions refer to semantic and pragmatic effects of different strategies assumed in both systems.  
PL
Artykuł stanowi kontrastywną, polsko-arabską analizę systemowych strategii ekwiwalentyzacji internacjonalizmów na przykładzie rzeczownikowych i  przymiotnikowych formacji z prefiksem anty-. Zaprezentowane wnioski dotyczą semantycznych i pragmatycznych konsekwencji odmiennych strategii obecnych w obu systemach.  
5
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English in Polish politics – temporary trend or permanent condition?

58%
Giersz M., Sikora-Gaca M.
Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
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2013
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vol. 10
226-236
EN
The phenomenon of the language of politics, its origin and development is a very broad subject matter. This paper illustrates new tendencies and processes occurring in the system of this particular language and jargon. Nowadays English and American elements in the Polish language seem very visible especially when overused in the media, by politicians, business people and public figures. Politicians use their own language to communicate with each other and with the people. The language of politics is a type of language it should be characterized by specific features. Such characteristics are the specific terms, phraseology, adopted words and neologisms. Thus, the article presents a collection of words taken di-rectly or indirectly from English into the Polish language. That proves the fact that we all witness a constant growth in the number of English elements in the language of Polish poli-ticians, during the process of political discourse and in the field of political science.
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