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Will the EU‘s Fourth Freedom Be Further Challenged by Present Members of the Single Market?

100%

Tovias A.

2023

vol. 11

issue 58

42-53

The creation of a single market in Europe, conceived as the application of the so-called four freedoms (goods, services, capital and manpower) of movement was in vogue in the 1990s. What has happened to this dream? At the time not only business communities but also consumer associations, and even labour unions were all in favour of opening their national economies to the winds of continental competition. Three decades after, some national communities seem to have turned their backs on the free movement of people. The case of Eastern European immigrants settling for work in the UK after 2004 comes to mind, something which arguably was one of the main reasons for the Brexit vote in 2016. The issue could again become the focus of populist governments or parties (e.g., in Italy, France, Sweden, Austria, Hungary or The Netherlands), should the danger of an EU-wide recession or an idiosyncratic crisis in one of the poorest member states (MSs) materialize. Actually, a new intensification of intra-EU migration flows could be one of the outcomes of the unravelling of supply chains as a result of the COVID epidemic and geopolitical considerations, such as the EU’s wish to diminish trade dependence from China and Russia. The ground is slowly eroding under the feet of those adamant to cling to the free movement of people as part of the acquis. The EU Commission should give thought, before it is too late, about the fourth freedom particularly in view of future EU enlargements.

Auswanderung an die Weichsel im frühen 15. Jahrhundert. Die Familie Lindwurm zwischen Würzburg und Thorn

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Flachenecker H.

Folia Toruniensia

2018

vol. 18

9-21

These/Ziel: Anhand weniger Beispiele aus dem frühen 15. sowie aus dem 17. und frühen 18. Jahrhundert kann die Ausreise von Bewohnern fränkischer Städte und Orte nach Thorn skizziert werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Würzburger Familie Lindwurm, näherhin ein Jost von Lindwurm, der am 4. Juli 1404 ein Empfehlungsschreiben des Würzburger Stadtrates ausgestellt bekam, das sich im Staatsarchiv in Thorn erhalten hat. Forschungsmethode: Literaturübersicht und Analyse von Archivquellen. Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerungen: Die Motive für diesen Schritt bleiben leider letztlich unbekannt, eine Beziehung zum Deutschen Orden ist nicht erkennbar. Der Beitrag kann das große Thema der innereuropäischen Wanderungsbewegungen in einem Einzelbeispiel anschaulich machen.

Teza/Cel: Na podstawie kilku przykładów z początku XV oraz z XVII i początku XVIII w. można naszkicować wyjazd mieszkańców frankońskich miast do Torunia. Nacisk położony jest na würzburską rodzinę Lindwurm, dokładnie Josta z Lindwurm, której Rada Miejska z Würzburga wydała list polecający z 4 lipca 1404 r., który zachował się w Archiwum Państwowym w Toruniu. Metoda badawcza: Przegląd literatury i analiza archiwalnych źródeł. Wyniki/Wnioski: Motywy opuszczenia regionu macierzystego pozostają nieznane, związek z zakonem krzyżackim nie jest rozpoznawalny. Artykuł może zilustrować na jednym przykładzie duże zagadnienie migracji wewnątrzeuropejskich.

Aim: On the basis of a few examples from the early 15th as well as from the 17th and early 18th centuries, the departure of residents of Franconian-towns and places to Thorn can be sketched. The focus is made on the Würzburg family of Lindwurm, more closely on Jost of Lindwurm, whom the Würzburg City Council gave a letter of recommendation, dated on July 4, 1404, which has been preserved in the city archives of Toruń. Research method: Literature review and analysis of archival sources. Results/Conclusions: The motives for leaving the home region remain unknown, connections with the Teutonic Order are not recognizable. The article can illustrate in the major problem of intra-European migration.

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1 Central European Economic Journal

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Will the EU‘s Fourth Freedom Be Further Challenged by Present Members of the Single Market?

Auswanderung an die Weichsel im frühen 15. Jahrhundert. Die Familie Lindwurm zwischen Würzburg und Thorn