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1

Rozwój teorii konkurencji w najważniejszych nurtach ekonomicznych

100%
Więckowski M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2011
|
issue 858
71-81
EN
The article presents a way of looking at the issue of competition through particular schools of economics. Our main interest is in the process of competing and analysing how it is accomplished as a result of rivalry between entities for limited production factors. A chronological presentation of the most important accomplishments of economists allows for the links between their theories to be distinguished, and shows that each subsequent theory of competition, independently of its own innovative character, is connected to those that preceded it, thanks to which we may speak of the continuous evolution of competition theory. Properly defining the level of competition and the mutual position of market entities, taking into consideration extreme situations such as monopoly or unorganised laisser-faire conditions, is important equally for one’s own proper understanding of the process and for providing a foundation for the creation of a complex theory of competition adapted for a rapidly changing environment.
2

Adam Smith, The Enlightenment, and his Relevance for the 21st Century

88%
Bevan D., Werhane P. H.
Dialogue and Universalism
|
2022
|
issue 1
19-32
EN
In this article we reconsider strands of Adam Smith’s contribution to the project of the Enlightenment. Many of these, as we shall identify, remain poignant, and valuable observations for the twenty-first century. This sampled reconsideration touches both on (i) how Smith is identified, as well as occasionally misread, as an Enlightenment philosopher/economist; and (ii) the extent to which t/his enlightenment survives.
3
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Prejudices behind Algorithms: Automated Surveillance Systems as Tools of Segregation and Discrimination

63%
Gurtowski M., Waszewski J.
Kultura i Edukacja
|
2018
|
issue 4(122)
94-109
EN
The aim of this paper is to describe the emerging phenomenon of new racism brought by the development of automated surveillance tools. We would like to show that this new system of discrimination is a byproduct of some general transformations in the field of social control. For this purpose, we will refer to invisible hand type of explanation, and the concept of perverse effect in particular. We will also relate widely to some cases and concepts from the “new surveillance” and social control literature and we will try to summarize it.
4
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W poszukiwaniu racjonalności ekonomicznej w dziełach Adama Smitha

63%
Turek K. M.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2019
|
issue 67
97-124
EN
In Adam Smith’s Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations the term ‘rational’ occurs only twice. Neither of these uses assigns the property of rationality either to human beings or to economic agents. Despite that, Smith is widely recognised as the founder of modern mainstream economics, a science which is defined by the assumption of the rationality of an economic agent. This paper aims to locate and discuss the notion of rationality which is implied by Smith’s work. To achieve that a double-track approach is taken. First, the current paper reconstructs Smith’s general view on human nature which was presented mainly in his earlier book The Theory of Moral Sentiments. This is followed by a discussion of Smith’s theses on selected mechanisms which drive the economy as presented in The Wealth of Nations.
5
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Kapitalizm – narodziny idei

45%
Haremska K.
ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
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2013
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vol. 3
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issue 1
37-58
PL
Wśród haseł emancypacyjnych Oświecenia pojawił się między innymi postulat wyzwolenia energii gospodarczej, najpełniej wyrażony przez Adama Smitha w traktacie Badania nad naturą i przyczynami bogactwa narodów. Smith dokonał ostatecznego rozrachunku z panującym od początku XVI wieku systemem merkantylistycznym. Uzasadniając wyższość wolnego rynku nad modelami gospodarki sterowanej, stworzył intelektualne podwaliny ładu kapitalistycznego. Zaproponował model produkcji i dystrybucji dóbr oparty na dwóch filarach: prawie własności prywatnej oraz instytucji wolnego rynku. Obraz kapitalizmu szkicowany przez Smitha to system władzy i wolności — suwerennej władzy jednostek nad światem przedmiotowym oraz wolnego obiegu dóbr. Połączenie tych dwóch zasad dało w rezultacie spójny system, który, zastosowany w praktyce, wykazał się niezwykłą skutecznością. Dzieło Smitha okazało się patentem na doczesne powodzenie, który zadziałał wszędzie tam, gdzie go wypróbowano. Kapitalizm, wraz z towarzyszącą mu filozofią moralną, stał się najpowszechniej realizowaną ideą XVIII wieku.
EN
Amongst the Enlightenment’s emancipatory slogans was a call for the liberation of economic energ y, a call that was most fully expressed by Adam Smith in Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations . Smith provided a final analysis of the mercantilist system that had been prevailing from the beginning of the sixteenth century. By justifying the superiority of the free market economy models, Smith created the intellectual foundations for the capitalist order. He proposed a model for the production and distribution of goods that was based on two pillars: the right to private property and free market institutions. The vision of capitalism created by Smith was a system of power and freedom: a system of individual sovereignty over the world of objects and a system of the free circulation of goods. The combination of these two principles resulted in a coherent system which, when used in practice, has shown remark- able efficiency. Smith’s work proved to be a reliable way to achieve worldly success, one that has worked wherever it was tried out. Capitalism, and the accompanying moral philosophy, was the most commonly pursued idea of the eighteenth century.
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