Search results

1

Radiation safety of Bulgaria in the contemporary international situation

100%

Dolchinkov N. T.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2016

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vol. 13

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issue 4

3-14

EN

It is known that everything on our planet is subjected to constant exposure from the natural and anthropogenic, earth and space SIR, and is situated in conditions created by natural and technical radioactive Backlight. The ionizing radiations accompany planet life in its diff erent manifestations of all phases of the evolution. The National Automated System for continuous monitoring of the radiation background has 26 local monitoring stations (LMS) covering the whole country, with greater density around NPP ‘Kozloduy’. Radiometric measurements in real conditions, sampling, and analysis are carried out by the Executive Environment Agency (EEA) at the MoEW and radiological control laboratories. A special place in radiation safety is taken by timely detection of radioactive waste and materials that appear in one way or another in the environment.

2

Estimate of radon exposure in geothermal SPAs in Poland

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Walczak K., Olszewski J., Zmyślony M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 29

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issue 1

161-166

EN

Objectives Geothermal waters may contain soluble, radioactive radon gas. Spa facilities that use geothermal water may be a source of an increased radiation dose to people who stay there. It has been necessary to assess the exposure to radon among people: workers and visitors of spa centers that use geothermal waters. Material and Methods In 2013, workers of the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine measured concentrations of radon over the geothermal water surfaces in 9 selected Polish spa centers which use geothermal water for recreational and medicinal purposes. The measurements were performed by active dosimetry using Lucas scintillation cells. Results According to our research, the doses received by the personnel in Polish geothermal spas are < 0.6 mSv/year. In 1 of the investigated spas, the estimated annual dose to the staff may exceed 3 mSv/year. Conclusions In Polish geothermal spas, neither the workers nor the visitors are at risk of receiving doses that exceed the safe limits.

3

Фармакопрофілактичні та фармакотерапевтичні підходи до послаблення пошкоджуючої дії іонізуючого опромінення: огляд інформаційних джерел

86%

Hladkykh F.

Path of Science

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2018

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vol. 4

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issue 12

5001-5022

UK

Метою статті є узагальнення наукових точок зору щодо сучасних підходів до фармакологічної корекції ушкоджень радіаційного генезу. Проведення лікувальних заходів, спрямованих на усунення негативних наслідків впливу іонізуючого опромінення та прискорення відновлювальних процесів в опроміненому організмі потребує обов’язкового застосування протипроменевих засобів. На сьогоднішній день є обґрунтованим поділ всіх протипроменевих препаратів на фармакопрофілактичні та фармакотерапевтичні лікарські засоби. До засобів профілактики радіаційних уражень належать три класи препаратів – радіопротектори, радіомодулятори та радіомодифікатори. Окреме місце посідають препарати ранньої патогенетичної терапії (радомітігатори) та засоби терапії відтермінованих наслідків дії радіаційного чинника. Зважаючи на доволі широкий спектр медикаментозних засобів з протипроменевими ефектами, що значно ускладнює цілісне сприйняття їх компартменталізації із врахуванням їх практичної значущості за конкретних сценаріїв радіаційного ураження, складено їх сучасну класифікацію.

EN

The purpose of the article is to synthesize the scientific points of view on modern approaches to pharmacological correction of radiation damage. Conducting medical treatment, aimed at eliminating the negative effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and accelerating the recovery processes in an irradiated organism requires the mandatory use of anti-radiation agents. Today there is a reasonable division of all anti-radiation drugs into pharmacoprophylactic and pharmacotherapeutic. The means of preventing radiation damage include three classes of drugs – radioprotectors, radio modulators and radio modifiers. Special attention is paid to preparations of early pathogenetic therapy (radiomitigators) and the means of therapy of delayed effects of the radiation factor. The modern classification of the rather wide range of medicines with anti-radiation effects, which greatly complicates the holistic perception of their compartmentalization, taking into account their practical significance in specific scenarios of radiation damage, is compiled.

4

The awareness of caregivers about their children’s exposure to ionizing radiation accompanying medical procedures: the assessment study

86%

Jończyk-Potoczna K., Pucher B., Strzelczuk-Judka L., Buraczyńska-Andrzejewska B., Więckowska B., Krauss H., Biliński P., Wojtyła-Buciora P.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 1

65-73

EN

Objectives The aim of the study was a survey-based assessment concerning parents of children undergoing CT examinations and their knowledge of detailed information about procedures involved in imaging diagnostics. Material and Methods A statistical analysis of 108 surveys of parents of children undergoing CT studies in the Department of Pediatric Radiology in Poznań, Poland was done, with the use of Statistica software. Results In result of the evaluation of all subsections of the substantive question number, the majority of answers were incorrect (68–98%). No correlation between the number of CT examinations conducted for a child and the number of correct answers to substantive questions was observed. No correlation between the number of CT examinations conducted for a child and the fact of noting the examination with the use of ionizing radiation down in a child’s health certificate was stated. The statistical analysis showed that children of parents who declared that the aim of the CT examination had been explained to them better underwent more of them. Conclusions Parents are poorly informed about a radiation dose and risk related to a CT examination procedure. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(1):65–73

5

Evaluation of circulating microparticles in healthy medical workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation: A preliminary study

86%

Al-Massarani G., Najjar F., Aljapawe A., Ikhtiar A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2018

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vol. 31

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issue 6

783-793

EN

Objectives Ionizing radiation was known to cause disruption of cytoskeleton. However, the disorganization of the cytoskeleton leads to form microparticles (MP) that carry membrane and cytoplasmic constituents from their parent cells they are released from. Therefore, authors investigated the effect of the occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation on MP levels. Material and Methods The current study was conducted on 38 healthy medical workers occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation and 29 controls matched by gender, age, and smoking habits. The MP levels measured by flow cytometry were classified as positive or negative phosphatidylserine (PS⁺ or PS⁻), and phenotyped according to their cellular origin. Results Total MP (PS–/PS+) levels, regardless of phenotype, were significantly higher in workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation than in healthy individuals (p = 0.0004). Negative phosphatidylserine microparticles were predominant in medical exposed workers and, to a lesser extent, in controls (68% and 57%, respectively). With regard to phenotypic characterization of cellular origin, MP derived from platelets (CD41a+), endothelial (CD146+), leucocytes (CD45+) and erythrocytes (CD235a+) MP were significantly enhanced in exposed workers compared with controls (p < 0.0001). However, no significant difference was found in the proportion of the other blood elements in the peripheral circulation between the 2 groups. Serum levels of C-reactive protein were normal for all individuals. In addition, no association was observed between MP levels and the studied confounding factors. Conclusions The results suggest that elevated circulating MP levels represent an indicator of cellular damage caused by medical exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. By consequence, the quantification of MP seems to be a useful biomarker for assessing the negative effects of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(6):783–793

6

Ionizing radiation and volumetric mammographic density

86%

Pepłońska B., Mirowski M., Kałużny P., Domienik-Andrzejewska J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2022

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vol. 35

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issue 5

635-649

EN

Objectives Mammographic density (MD) refers to the percentage of dense tissue of an entire breast and was proposed to be used as a surrogate marker for breast cancer. High-dose ionizing radiation (IR) has been recognized as a breast cancer risk factor. The aim of our study was to investigate association between lifetime low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) and MD. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study included 467 women aged 40–60 years who underwent screening mammography in Łódź, Poland. The digital mammography examination of the breasts included both craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views. The volumetric breast density (VBD) (%) and fibrograndular tissue volume (FG) (cm3) were determined based on the analysis of mammographic image (“for processing”) using Volpara Imaging Software. The exposure to IR was estimated for each individual, based on the data from interviews about diagnostic or therapeutic medical procedures performed in the area of the neck, chest, abdomen and spine, which involved X-rays and γ rays and the data about the doses derived from literature. Linear and logistic regression were fitted with VBD and FG as the outcomes and organ breast dose, effective dose and number of mammographies as the determinants, adjusted for major confounders. Results The analyses showed no association between VBD or FG and the breast organ dose or the effective dose. The only significant finding observed concerned the association between the number of mammographies and the FG volume with β coefficient: 0.028 (95% CI: 0.012–0.043), and predicted mean FG volume >13.4 cm3 among the women with >3 mammographies when compared to those with none. Conclusions This study does not, in general, provide support for the positive association between LDIR and MD. The weak association of the FG volume with the number of mammographies warrants further verification in larger independent studies.

7

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and lens opacity in interventional cardiologists

86%

Domienik-Andrzejewska J., Kałużny P., Piernik G., Jurewicz J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 5

663-675

EN

Objectives Interventional cardiologists (ICs) are occupationally exposed to low or moderate doses of ionizing radiation from repeated exposures. It is not clear whether these occupational conditions may affect their eye lens. Therefore, the risk of radiation-induced cataract in the cohort of Polish interventional cardiologists is analyzed in this paper. Material and Methods The study group consisted of 69 interventional cardiologists and 78 control individuals occupationally unexposed to ionizing radiation. The eye lens opacities were examined using a slit camera and evaluated with Lens Opacities Grading System III. Cumulative eye lens doses were estimated retrospectively using a questionnaire including data on occupational history. Results The average cumulative dose to the left and right eye lens of the ICs was 224 mSv and 85 mSv, respectively. Nuclear opalescence and nuclear color opacities in the most exposed left eye were found in 38% of the ICS for both types, and in 47% and 42% of the controls, respectively. Cortical opacities were found in 25% of the ICS and 29% of the controls. Posterior subcapsular opacities were rare: about 7% in the ICs group and 6% in the control group. Overall, there was some, but statistically insignificant, increase in the risk for opacity in the ICs group, relative to the control group, after adjusting for the subjects’ age, gender, smoking status and medical exposure (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.62–3.59 for the pooled “any-eye any-type” opacity). There was also no evidence for an increased opacity risk with an increase in the dose. Conclusions The study found no statistically significant evidence against the hypothesis that the risk of cataract in the group of the ICs occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation is the same as in the control group. Nevertheless, the adverse effect of ionizing radiation still cannot be excluded due to a relatively small study sample size. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(5):663–75

8

Ocena narażenia na promieniowanie jonizujące techników obsługujących gammakamery

58%

Domańska A. A., Bieńkiewicz M., Olszewski J.

Medycyna Pracy

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2013

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vol. 64

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issue 4

503-506

EN

Background: Protection of nuclear medicine unit employees from hazards of the ionizing radiation is a crucial issue of radiation protection services. We aimed to assess the severity of the occupational radiation exposure of technicians performing scintigraphic examinations at the Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University in Łódź, where thousands of different diagnostic procedures are performed yearly. Materials and Methods: In 2013 the studied diagnostic unit has employed 10 technicians, whose exposure is permanently monitored by individual dosimetry. We analyzed retrospective data of quarterly doses in terms of Hp(10) dose equivalents over the years 2001-2010. Also annual and five-year doses were determined to relate the results to current regulations. Moreover, for a selected period of one year, we collected data on the total activity of radiopharmaceuticals used for diagnostics, to analyze potential relationship with doses recorded in technicians performing the examinations. Results: In a 10-year period under study, the highest annual dose recorded in a technician was 2 mSv, which represented 10% of the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. The highest total dose for a 5-year period was 7.1 mSv, less than 10% of a 5-year dose limit for occupational exposure. Positive linear correlation was observed between total activity of radiopharmaceuticals used for diagnostics in the period of three months and respective quarterly doses received by technicians performing examinations. Conclusions: Doses received by nuclear medicine technicians performing diagnostic procedures in compliance with principles of radiation protection are low, which is confirmed by recognizing the technicians of this unit as B category employees. Med Pr 2013;64(4):503–506

PL

Wstęp: Ochrona personelu placówki medycyny nuklearnej przed zagrożeniami wynikającymi ze stosowania promieniowania jonizującego jest istotnym aspektem ochrony radiologicznej osób fizycznych. Celem pracy była oceny narażenia zawodowego techników elektroradiologii wykonujących badania scyntygraficzne w Zakładzie Medycyny Nuklearnej Centralnego Szpitala Klinicznego UniwersytetuMedycznego w Łodzi, gdzie rocznie przeprowadzanych jest kilka tysięcy różnego rodzaju radioizotopowych badań diagnostycznych. Materiał i metody: W badanej placówce diagnostycznej zatrudnionych jest 10 techników (2013 r.), których narażenie podlega stałej kontroli za pomocą dozymetrii indywidualnej. Zebrano archiwalne dane dotyczące kwartalnych odczytów z dozymetrów na przestrzeni lat 2001-2010 i przeanalizowano dawki kwartalne wyrażone, jako równoważniki dawki Hp(10). Wyznaczono również dawki roczne oraz 5-letnie, odnosząc wyniki do obecnie obowiązujących norm prawnych. Dla wybranego okresu jednego roku zebrano również dane dotyczące liczby i rodzaju realizowanych w tym czasie badań, aby ocenić, czy istnieje zależność między łączną aktywnością radiofarmaceutyków podaną w tym czasie pacjentom a dawkami zarejestrowanymi u techników wykonujących te badania. Wyniki: W badanym 10-letnim okresie działalności placówki, najwyższa zarejestrowana u technika dawka roczna wynosiła 2 mSv, a najwyższa sumaryczna dawka 5-letnia - 7,1 mSv, co nie przekraczało 10% wartości granicznych dawki rocznej (20 mSv) i 5-letniej (100 mSv). Zaobserwowano dodatnią zależność liniową między wartościami kwartalnych dawek otrzymanych przez techników a łączną aktywnością radiofarmaceutyków podanych w tym okresie pacjentom. Wnioski: Przy zachowaniu zasad ochrony radiologicznej oraz warunków bezpiecznego stosowania promieniowania jonizującego dawki otrzymywane przez techników wykonujących badania scyntygraficzne są niskie, co potwierdza zaliczenie tej grupy zawodowej do pracowników kategorii B. Med. Pr. 2013;64(4):503–506

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Narażenie pracowników jednostek wojskowych na czynniki kancerogenne w środowisku pracy w latach 2018–2019

58%

Lemiech-Mirowska E., Zawadzka M.

Medycyna Pracy

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2021

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vol. 72

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issue 5

501-508

EN

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to analyze data on the exposure of military personnel to carcinogenic chemical substances, ionizing radiation and technological processes.Material and MethodsReports collected from the Military Centers of Preventive Medicine on carcinogens and exposure of workers in military units and institutions were subjected to a detailed analysis.ResultsThe number of workers exposed to carcinogenic factors increased in the period under analysis. In 2019, the total number of people exposed in the workplace to chemical carcinogens or mutagens was 4058, to ionizing radiation – 1015, and to technological processes with carcinogenic or mutagenic effects – 12, compared to 3224, 1289 and 8 people, respectively, in 2018. The most common chemical agents in military units which caused exposure, from the point of view of occupational health and safety, were mixtures of liquid hydrocarbons used as fuel for driving vehicles and devices with internal combustion engines. In military units dedicated to the provision of medical services, exposure to X-ray radiation (diagnostics imaging) and formaldehyde (pathomorphology) was the most common.ConclusionsThe collected data presents different approaches of individuals in terms of reporting and assessing occupational exposure. Understanding the long-term health effects requires more thorough research. Med Pr. 2021;72(5):501–8

PL

WstępCelem niniejszej pracy było przeprowadzenie analizy danych dotyczących narażenia pracowników jednostek wojskowych na substancje chemiczne, promieniowanie jonizujące i procesy technologiczne o działaniu kancerogennym.Materiał i metodySzczegółowej analizie poddano raporty zebrane z Wojskowych Ośrodków Medycyny Prewencyjnej dotyczące czynników rakotwórczych oraz narażenia pracowników w jednostkach i instytucjach wojskowych.WynikiLiczba pracowników narażonych na działanie czynników o właściwościach kancerogennych w omawianym czasie wzrosła. W 2019 r. liczba osób narażonych w miejscu pracy na chemiczne substancje rakotwórcze lub mutagenne wynosiła 4058, promieniowanie jonizujące – 1015, procesy technologiczne o działaniu rakotwórczym lub mutagennym – 12, natomiast w roku 2018 – odpowiednio: 3224, 1289 i 8. W jednostkach wojskowych najbardziej rozpowszechnionymi czynnikami chemicznymi, na które występowało narażenie z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy, były mieszaniny ciekłych węglowodorów stosowane jako paliwo do napędu pojazdów i urządzeń wyposażonych w silniki spalinowe. W jednostkach wojskowych ukierunkowanych na świadczenie usług medycznych najczęściej występowało narażenie na promieniowanie rentgenowskie (diagnostyka obrazowa) i formaldehyd (patomorfologia).WnioskiZebrane dane prezentują różne podejście jednostek w zakresie raportowania i oceny narażenia zawodowego. Poznanie długotrwałych skutków zdrowotnych wymaga przeprowadzenia dokładniejszych badań. Med. Pr. 2021;72(5):501–508

Refine search results

Radiation safety of Bulgaria in the contemporary international situation

Estimate of radon exposure in geothermal SPAs in Poland

Фармакопрофілактичні та фармакотерапевтичні підходи до послаблення пошкоджуючої дії іонізуючого опромінення: огляд інформаційних джерел

The awareness of caregivers about their children’s exposure to ionizing radiation accompanying medical procedures: the assessment study

Evaluation of circulating microparticles in healthy medical workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation: A preliminary study

Ionizing radiation and volumetric mammographic density

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and lens opacity in interventional cardiologists

Ocena narażenia na promieniowanie jonizujące techników obsługujących gammakamery

Narażenie pracowników jednostek wojskowych na czynniki kancerogenne w środowisku pracy w latach 2018–2019