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Epentetické vokály v češtině chorvatských Čechů

100%
Klučková M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 5
322-337
EN
Detailed research of the Czech language in the Czech minority in Croatia has so far been focused mainly on dialectology or sociolinguistics. This paper deals with this group of speakers from the perspective of the concept of heritage language. The first part briefly outlines the current language situation in Daruvar and the historical and social factors that influenced or still influence it, with emphasis on Czech schools in this part of Croatia. The theory of heritage languages and the three linguistic processes that shape them are also described: divergent attainment, language attrition, and transfer from the dominant language. The second part deals in more detail with the transfer from the dominant language (Croatian) in epenthetic vowels. The description of these phenomena is based on the online questionnaire survey in which participated Czechs in Croatia and Czechs in the Czech Republic as a control group. This is a pilot study that has to be verified with further research.
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"Furt to jde, pořat, nekončivá se to…" O vývojových inovacích v českých nářečních varietách v Rusku

100%
Skorvid S. S.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 5
311-321
EN
The aim of this paper is to introduce Czech immigrants’ dialects spoken in several villages in the Northern Caucasus and Western Siberia, compared to those still remaining in the Ukraine. All of the examined dialects appeared as a result of different waves of Czech rural migration at the end of the 1860s and at the start of the 20th century. Up to the present day they show surprisingly good preservation of their original dialectal systems, and at the same time they have been strongly influenced by their language surroundings. In some aspects of their systems, however, certain innovations are observed. The author traces the specific development of the verb imperfectivation with the non-iterative suffix -va- (končívat) and of noun animacy (nominative and accusative plural ďedečki), typical of all these dialects. In addition, the regionally limited spread of the ending -oj in the locative singular of inanimate nouns (v Novoros’ijskoj) and of the idiolectal purpose conjunction aďbi is taken into consideration. Despite the fact that we are dealing with disappearing dialects, those innovations give evidence of a relatively high linguistic creativity of their speakers, stabilized as varietal innovations.
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Jazykové ideologie a jazykový management československých emigrantek a emigrantů v Bavorsku

100%
Bučková A.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 5
376-392
EN
In order to describe and explain the differences in the form of language of different types of bilingual speakers, it is important to analyse not only the language, but also the language ideologies and language management, which reflect and co-determine its use. This article deals with language ideologies and language management in narrative interviews with German-Czech bilinguals who emigrated from the Czech part of Czechoslovakia to the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1964–1986. The respondents are divided into late ethnic repatriates of Sudeten German origin (Spätaussiedler*innen) and migrants without German roots (Migrant*innen). Against the background of the different linguistic biographies of these groups of respondents, the article reconstructs the different forms of their linguistic ideologies and language management. The language ideologies shaped by family background have a crucial impact on the language management and the resulting linguistic as well as social practices of the respondents. They also correlate with the frequency and nature of language contact phenomena in both Czech and German.
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Teorie relevance a nově vznikající diskurzní částice

80%
Andersen G.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2021
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vol. 103
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issue 2
167-182
EN
This article explores the relevance-theory view of utterance interpretation (Sperber and Wilson 1986/1995) and illustrates its application in a qualitative investigation of authentic corpus data. The purpose is to show that observations derived from corpora can shed significant light on how constraints on relevance are practised by real speakers in real discourse contexts. The study focuses on discourse markers and argues that there is a need to focus more systematically on emerging discourse markers and their contributions to relevance. It is argued that the corpus-based approach can lead to new knowledge about pragmatic functions and subtle differences between different items, and that this extends beyond what is gained from a strictly theoretical or experimental approach, by far the most common approaches in the previous relevance-theory literature. As a case in point, the article includes an empirical study of the discourse marker as if, based on the large English TenTen corpus (Jakubíček et al., 2013).
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Jedem do Čechách: k nahrazování jmenných koncovek genitivu lokálem

80%
HRDLIČKA M.
Bohemistyka
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2017
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issue 2
182-188
EN
The form of Czech in a foreign language environment depends on numerous linguistic as well as non-linguistic factors. A common aspect of foreign forms of Czech is its convergence to the local dominant language. Three basic results of language contact are: adoption, reduction and atrophic changes. Foreign forms of Czech are often characterized by quite prevalent replacing of nominal genitive ending with locative, especially in plural. This phenomenon is rooted in dialects; the cause could also be the low acoustic distinctiveness of the genitive ending which is replaced with the phonetically more distinct locative ending.
CS
Podoba češtiny v majoritním jinojazyčném prostředí zavisí na celé řadě jazykových i nejazykových faktorů. Společným rysem zahraničních realizací češtiny je jejich sbližování s místním dominantním jazykem. Rozlišují se tři základní důsledky jazykového kontaktu: přejímky, redukce a atrofické změny. Zahraniční vainty češtiny se vyznačují také poměrně častým nahrazováním jmenné koncovky genitivu lokálem, dochází k tomu hlavně v množném čísle. Tento jev má nářeční původ, příčinou může být i malá zvuková výraznost genitivního zakončení, které je nahrazováno foneticky zřetelnější koncovkou lokálu.
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Испаноязычная топонимия Филиппин : структура и прагматика

80%
Чеснокова О., Мартыненко И.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 2
171-185
EN
The article examines Spanish components in the toponymy of the Republic of the Philippines, regarded as a kind of “cartographic” form of the Spanish language present in this area. Through the language contacts prism between Spanish and Filipino and other languages, primarily English, the authors systematise the structure and pragmatics of the Spanish components in the toponymy of the Philippines, consider their current state by means of onomastic methods and linguocultural research. The article shows that the main thematic groups of motivating attributes in Philippine toponyms of Spanish origin are: 1) religious units with a widely ramified system of symbols and associations, including personalized, 2) motivating anthropotoponyms, i.e. protagonists known in the history of Spain and the Philippines, 3) migrant toponyms, 4) descriptive toponyms. The language status of Spanish lexemes in the Philippine toponymic framework reveals both their complete assimilation and likening to the norms of the receptor language. Spanish components in the toponymy of the Philippines are represented in macro- and microtoponyms, reflecting various aspects of interaction at the level of onomastic vocabulary of Spanish and Philippine ethnoses in the polyethnic Republic of the Philippines.
CS
Článek se zabývá španělskými komponenty v toponymii Filipínské republiky, které lze považovat za určitou „kartografickou“ podobu španělského jazyka v této oblasti. Z pohledu jazykových kontaktů mezi španělštinou, filipínštinou a dalšími jazyky, především angličtinou, podávají autoři systematický přehled struktury a pragmatiky španělských komponentů v toponymii Filipín a pomocí onomastických metod a lingvokulturního výzkumu se zabývají jejich moderním stavem. Příspěvek ukazuje, že hlavní tematické skupiny motivující atributy filipínských toponym španělského původu jsou: 1) náboženské jednotky s bohatě rozvětveným systémem symbolů a asociací, včetně personalizace, 2) antroponyma historických osobností známých z dějin Španělska a Filipín, 3) migrující toponyma, 4) popisná toponyma. Jazykový status španělských lexémů ve filipínském toponymickém systému poukazuje jednak na jejich kompletní asimilaci, jednak na připodobnění k normám cílového jazyka. Španělské komponenty se v toponymii Filipín vyskytují jak v makro-, tak v mikrotoponymech, což odráží různé aspekty interakce na úrovni onymické slovní zásoby španělského a filipínského etnika v multikulturní Filipínské republice.
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Taking stock and looking forward: documenting a diasporic variety of Czech in Texas

71%
Cope L.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 5
284-310
EN
Texas Czech, a highly endangered diasporic variety of the Czech language, has roots in the dialects of Moravian and Bohemian immigrants from Austria and later Austria-Hungary who began arriving in Texas in the 1850s. “Taking stock”, the paper situates this variety’s development in the context of literature on language contact and borrowing, heritage languages, and community language endangerment and loss in order to examine its main contact features. “Looking forward”, the article (1) demonstrates the need for a corpus-based approach to this and other diasporic varieties of Czech to help us better understand the intersection of incomplete acquisition and attrition, typological characteristics of languages in contact, and internally vs. externally induced language change under different sociolinguistic constraints, and (2) references the Texas Czech Legacy Project, whose main objective is to build a searchable corpus of Texas Czech speech to serve the community and aid scholarly research on Czech varieties in the diaspora.
8
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Čeština v Německu - jazyk v kontaktu a izolaci v "generaci exil"

61%
Nekula M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 5
359-375
EN
The paper deals with the language of Czech speakers born in socialist Czechoslovakia who emigrated with their parents before 1989 and grew up in the Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the dominance of German, their first language, Czech, quite quickly became a secondary language, and their second language, German, the primary one. The study takes a closer look at the idiolect of one female speaker selected from a large number of interviews in order to determine the characteristics of her Czech shaped in the period of limited contact with her home country before 1989, or in the early 1990s. This period’s turbulent economics made the prospect of returning unlikely, and the lack of modern communication technologies did not allow the contact with her home country to the extent known today. The characteristics of her Czech are systematized using studies on Slavic languages in migration, including studies on the so-called heritage language, i.e., the language of the second migration generation. In empirical studies of languages in migration, early migrants’ language is sometimes analysed together with that of heritage language. Thus, it turns out that in comparison with the language spoken in their home country, which is the starting point of acquisition (and comparison), the heritage language is characterized by an imperfect acquisition and insufficient stabilization of already acquired phenomena, which leads to their erosion.
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