Search results

1

Expanding the boundaries of compulsory citizenship behavior: Its impact on some organizational outputs

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Ahmadian S., Sesen H., Soran S.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2017

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vol. Volume 13

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issue Issue 1

110-118

EN

Researches have mainly been focused on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) positive effects to organizations. On the other hand, Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCB) is a rather new subject in both national and international literature. Transformation of organizational citizenship behaviors, which are expected to have positive effects on the organizational success into CCB due to various administrative and social pressures, brings about numerous negative consequences for employees and the organization. But the quantity of studies conducted on this subject is very limited for the time being. In this framework, the main aim of this study is to contribute to literature by analyzing the dynamics of CCB in a different culture and different line of business. In this study, relations between CCB and some positive and negative organizational attitudes and behaviors are examined. 635 people working in various accommodation businesses have participated in this research. Findings have shown that CCB is positively correlated with negative organizational consequences; and negatively correlated with positive organizational attitudes and behaviors. According to this, manager/supervisor related CCBs increase employees’ intentions to quit work, their level of burnout, job stress, social loafing behaviors, and conflict with their colleagues; and decrease their innovative behaviors, identification with the organization, and individual oriented OCBs.

2

The role of job stress at emotional labor’s effect on intention to leave: Evidence from call center employees

100%

Işık M., Hamurcu A.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2017

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vol. Volume 13

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issue Issue 5

652-665

EN

Call centers are contact centers that act as communication facilities between customers and businesses with the help of customer representatives. The call center sector where transactions are carried out largely without face to face communication is known as a sector with the most stressful and is also known with having the highest employee turnover rate. Customer representatives are not able to use any initiative and they have too many workloads; for this reason, they are frazzled. In addition, customer representatives need to play role despite of their natural emotions. This affects the emotional labor behavior of sector employees. In this study, the job stress’ mediating role at emotional labor’s effect on intention to leave is investigated. Data was collected from two call centers operating in Bitlis province in Turkey by using survey method. Analyzes were made with the SPSS 23 and AMOS 22 programs through 207 valid questionnaires. In the analyzes made, job stress has full mediating effect at emotional labor variable’s surface acting dimension’s effect on intention to leave. Due to the correlation analyzes performed, there was a significant relationship between surface acting and natural emotions (expression of naturally felt emotions) dimension of emotional labor variable with job stress and intention to leave.

3

Keeping Marketisation at Bay: The Quality of Academic Worklife in Czech Universities

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Zábrodská K., Mudrák J., Květoň P.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2016

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vol. 52

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issue 3

347-373

EN

This study examines quality of academic worklife in Czech public universities to assess the extent to which the global drive towards marketisation in higher education has affected Czech academic staff. A total of 2229 academics (men = 57.1%) completed a survey measuring their job satisfaction, job stress, and work environment perceptions. Findings revealed high levels of overall job satisfaction (83.6% satisfied with their jobs) and relatively low levels of stress (13.7% regularly stressed). Most academics reported positive features of their work environment including autonomy and quality, role clarity, influence over academic work, and a strong social community. Negative features included dissatisfaction with pay, poor leadership, and pressure to produce. Job satisfaction was significantly associated with traditional academic values (focus on quality, involvement in decision-making, commitment to the workplace, recognition), while stress was linked to market-related aspects (pressure to produce, quantitative work demands, job insecurity). The study highlighted relatively high levels of well-being among Czech faculty, which can be attributed to the continued prevalence of a traditional, professor-oriented academic system based on autonomy and collegiality. Despite recent market-oriented changes within Czech research policy, the negative effects of marketisation are not yet pronounced in the quality of academic worklife in public universities, except for the increasing pressure for productivity.

4

Association between psychosocial characteristics of work and presenteeism: A cross-sectional study

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Janssens H., Clays E., de Clercq B., de Bacquer D., Casini A., Kittel F., Braeckman L.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 29

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issue 2

331-344

EN

Objectives This study aimed at investigating cross-sectional relationships between psychosocial characteristics of work and presenteeism in a sample of Belgian middle-aged workers. Material and Methods Data were collected from 1372 male and 1611 female workers in the Belstress III study. Psychosocial characteristics assessed by the use of self-administered questionnaires were: job demands, job control, social support, efforts, rewards, bullying, home-to-work conflict and work-to-home conflict. Presenteeism was measured using a single item question, and it was defined as going to work despite illness at least 2 times in the preceding year. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between psychosocial characteristics and presenteeism, while adjusting for several socio-demographic, health-related variables and neuroticism. An additional analysis in a subgroup of workers with good self-rated health and low neuroticism was conducted. Results The prevalence of presenteeism was 50.6%. Overall results, adjusted for major confounders, revealed that high job demands, high efforts, low support and low rewards were associated with presenteeism. Furthermore, a significant association could be observed for both bullying and work-to-home conflict in relation to presenteeism. The subgroup analysis on a selection of workers with good self-rated health and low neuroticism generally confirmed these results. Conclusions Both job content related factors as well as work contextual psychosocial factors were significantly related to presenteeism. These results suggest that presenteeism is not purely driven by the health status of a worker, but that psychosocial work characteristics also play a role.

5

Work locus of control and burnout in Polish physiotherapists: The mediating effect of coping styles

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Wilski M., Chmielewski B., Tomczak M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 28

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issue 5

875-889

EN

Objectives The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between work locus of control and burnout in Polish physiotherapists through the mediation of coping styles. In particular, we hypothesized that external work locus of control may have a positive direct relationship with burnout symptoms via positive relationship with emotion-focused and avoidant coping styles, and a negative relationship with problem-focused style. Material and Methods We tested the mediational hypothesis using structural equation modeling of self-report data from 155 Polish physiotherapists. Results The relationship between external work locus of control and physiotherapists’ burnout was shown to be mediated by a positive relationship with emotion-focused coping and an inverse relationship with problem-focused coping. The variables included in the model explained about 15% of the variance of emotional exhaustion, 14% of depersonalization, and 14% of personal accomplishment. Conclusions Physiotherapists perceiving the situation as difficult to control, feel more burned out when they use more emotion-focused strategies, and less problem-focused strategies. This indicates the importance of including both, problem-focused coping training and increasing the perception of the situation controllability in preventing physiotherapists’ burnout programs.

6

Człowiek dorosły wobec wymagań związanych z funkcjonowaniem w różnych sferach życia: zawodowej i rodzinnej

75%

Lachowska B.

Psychologia Rozwojowa

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2008

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vol. 13

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issue 1

PL

The adult under the pressure of demands to function in two life domains: work and family There is a growing number of men and women engaged in work and family roles. This article describes linkages between the work-family interface and individual, family and work outcomes: life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, individual psychologicall well-being, job stress. Recent studies on the work-family interface have focused on the scarcity perspective, which posits that engaging in multiple roles results in interrole conflict when participation in one role is made more difficult by virtue of participation in the other role. Other studies support the facilitation or enhancement hypothesis which suggests, that participation in one role is made better or easier by virtue of participation in the other role. The aim of this research is to present a research project studying the work-family questionnaire (Grzywacz, Bass, 2003) assessing work-family conflict, work-family facilitation, family-work conflict, family-work facilitation:to analyze both the conflict and facilitation dimensions and both directions of influence: work to family and family to work in dual-earner couples,to examine the relation of conflict and facilitation to life satisfaction, marital satisfaction and other indicators of mental health.The subjects in this research are 80 married couples living in dual-earner families in Poland, who have at least one child under 12.Measures used in this study:Work-Family Fit Questionnaire (Grzywacz, Bass, 2003) in Polish version adopted by Lachowska (2005),Job characteristics assessed through a questionnaire developed by Dudek at al. (1999),General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1978),Marital Satisfaction Scale (Olson, Fowers, 1993),Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener at al., 1993).

7

Job stress and mortality in older age

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Tobiasz-Adamczyk B., Brzyski P., Florek M., Brzyska M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 3

349-362

EN

Objectives: This paper aims to assess the relationship between the determinants of the psychosocial work environment, as expressed in terms of JDC or ERI models, and all-cause mortality in older individuals. Materials and Methods: The baseline study was conducted on a cohort comprising a random sample of 65-year-old community-dwelling citizens of Kraków, Poland. All of the 727 participants (410 women, 317 men) were interviewed in their households in the period between 2001 and 2003; a structured questionnaire was used regarding their occupational activity history, which included indexes measuring particular dimensions of their psychosocial work environment based on Karasek's Job Demand-Control model and Siegrist's Effort-Reward Imbalance model, as well as health-related quality of life and demographic data. Mortality was ascertained by monitoring City Vital Records for 7 years. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women, with the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results: During a 7-year follow-up period, 59 participants (8.1%) died, including 21 women (5.1% of total women) and 38 men (12%) (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the number of deaths occurred regarding disproportion between physical demands and control in men: those with low physical demands and low control died three times more often than those with high control, regardless of the level of demands. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that significantly higher risk of death was observed only in men with low physical demands and low control, compared to those with low physical demands and high control (Exp(B) = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.64-13.2). Conclusions: Observed differences in mortality patterns are similar to the patterns of relationships observed in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) level at the beginning of old age; however, the relationship between efforts and rewards or demands and control and mortality was not fully confirmed.

8

Analysis of the relationship between emotion intensity and electrophysiology parameters during a voice examination of opera singers

75%

Krasnodębska P., Szkiełkowska A., Pollak A., Romaniszyn-Kania P., Bugdol M. N., Bugdol M., Mitas A. W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2024

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vol. 37

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issue 1

84-97

EN

Objectives Emotions and stress affect voice production. There are only a few reports in the literature on how changes in the autonomic nervous system affect voice production. The aim of this study was to examine emotions and measure stress reactions during a voice examination procedure, particularly changes in the muscles surrounding the larynx. Material and Methods The study material included 50 healthy volunteers (26 voice workers – opera singers, 24 control subjects), all without vocal complaints. All subjects had good voice quality in a perceptual assessment. The research procedure consisted of 4 parts: an ear, nose, and throat (ENT)‑phoniatric examination, surface electromyography, recording physiological indicators (heart rate and skin resistance) using a wearable wristband, and a psychological profile based on questionnaires. Results The results of the study demonstrated that there was a relationship between positive and negative emotions and stress reactions related to the voice examination procedure, as well as to the tone of the vocal tract muscles. There were significant correlations between measures describing the intensity of experienced emotions and vocal tract muscle maximum amplitude of the cricothyroid (CT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles during phonation and non-phonation tasks. Subjects experiencing eustress (favorable stress response) had increased amplitude of submandibular and CT at rest and phonation. Subjects with high levels of negative emotions, revealed positive correlations with SCMmax during the glissando. The perception of positive and negative emotions caused different responses not only in the vocal tract but also in the vegetative system. Correlations were found between emotions and physiological parameters, most markedly in heart rate variability. A higher incidence of extreme emotions was observed in the professional group. Conclusions The activity of the vocal tract muscles depends on the type and intensity of the emotions and stress reactions. The perception of positive and negative emotions causes different responses in the vegetative system and the vocal tract.

9

Job stress among workers who telecommute during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional study

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Ikegami K., Baba H., Ando H., Hino A., Tsuji M., Tateishi S., Nagata T., Matsuda S., Fujino Y.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2022

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vol. 35

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issue 3

339-351

EN

ObjectivesThe work system reform and the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan have prompted efforts toward telecommuting in Japan. However, only a few studies have investigated the stress and health effects of telecommuting. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between telecommuting and job stress among Japanese workers.Material and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. In December 2020, during the “third wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic, an Internet-based nationwide health survey of 33 087 Japanese workers (The Collaborative Online Research on Novel-coronavirus and Work, CORoNaWork study) was conducted. Data of 27 036 individuals were included after excluding 6051 invalid responses. The authors analyzed a sample of 13 468 office workers from this database. The participants were classified into 4 groups according to their telecommuting frequency, while comparing scores on the subscale of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and subjective job stress between the high-frequency, medium-frequency, low-frequency, and non-telecommuters groups. A linear mixed model and an ordinal logistic regression analysis were used.ResultsA significant difference in the job control scores of the JCQ among the 4 groups was found, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. The high-frequency telecommuters group had the highest job control score. Further, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, the subjective job stress scores of the high- and medium-frequency telecommuters groups were significantly lower than those of the non-telecommuters group.ConclusionsThis study revealed that high-frequency telecommuting was associated with high job control and low subjective job stress. The widespread adoption of telecommuting as a countermeasure to the public health challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may also have a positive impact on job stress.

10

Job category differences in the prevalence and associated factors of insomnia in steel workers in China

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Li X., Cui S., Wu J., Wang L., Yuan J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2020

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vol. 33

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issue 2

215-233

EN

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of insomnia and risk factors among different job categories of steel workers in China, in order to improve their quality of occupational life.Material and MethodsA cross-sectional face-to-face survey was conducted which involved 5834 steel workers from a large enterprise located in northern China, including front-line, maintenance and inspection, and other auxiliary workers. The Athens Insomnia Scale and the Job Content Questionnaire were used to assess the status of insomnia and job stress/social support, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing insomnia.ResultsThe overall prevalence of insomnia was determined at 42.0% (95% confidence interval: 40.7%–43.2%). For front-line, maintenance and inspection, and other auxiliary workers, the prevalence was 42.3%, 39.8%, and 47.9% (p = 0.001), respectively. The participants with high stress and low support, and those who had experienced ≥2 major life events in the past 12 months, compared to those with low stress and high support, and those without major events, displayed an increased risk of insomnia among all 3 job categories (the adjusted odds ratio ranged 1.56–2.38 and 1.30–1.75, respectively). The educational level, shift work, alcohol consumption, and present illness were identified as influencing factors of insomnia for 1 or 2 job categories.ConclusionsThe prevalence of insomnia was the highest in the group of other auxiliary steel workers among the 3 job categories of steel workers under consideration. While the influencing factors of insomnia differed among the groups, job stress and major life events were common risk factors of insomnia among the 3 categories of steel workers.

11

The severity of work-related stress and an assessment of the areas of worklife in the service sector

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Chudzicka-Czupała A., Stasiła-Sieradzka M., Rachwaniec-Szczecińska Ż., Grabowski D.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 4

569-584

EN

Objectives The aim of the study was to examine the potential differences in the assessment of the severity of work-related stress, and in the global assessment of the areas of worklife and individual worklife dimensions in employees working in service occupations. Material and Methods The research covered 61 emergency workers, 92 helping professionals, and 58 knowledge workers. A subjective assessment of the areas of worklife was carried out using the Areas of Worklife Survey, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used to investigate stress severity. Results The research has revealed statistically significant differences between workers belonging to the 3 groups of service occupations in their assessment of the severity of work-related stress. The findings have shown that 26% of the variance of the Stress Severity Assessment variable is explained by belonging to a specific occupational group. Police officers and helping professionals experience comparably severe stress, which is significantly stronger than that experienced by the laboratory staff. Statistically significant differences have also been found between the studied groups in terms of the global assessment of all areas of worklife, as well as in the assessment of particular areas, i.e., control, rewards, fairness and values. No significant differences have been found with regard to the workload and community areas. Conclusions Working in social service occupations, whether as emergency or helping professionals, may lead to a similar level of stress severity. The surveyed workers do not differ in their assessment of workload or of the sense of trust, cooperation and support received from their co-workers. Further research should be carried out to explore the sources of stress, which may be linked to other factors than the areas of worklife presented here, such as stress inducing contact with customers, environmental determinants of work, existing hazards to life or health, or the intrinsic predispositions of individuals performing specific types of work and gender. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):569–84

12

Explaining active and passive types of counterproductive work behavior: the moderation effect of bullying, the dark triad and job control

75%

Baka Ł.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 6

777-795

EN

Objectives Drawing on the stressor-emotion model, the study aimed to identify some predictors of the active and passive types of counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Specifically, 1) the direct effect of bullying on CWB, 2) the 2-way interaction effects of the Dark Triad (DT) and job control (JC), as well as 3) the 3-way interaction effect (DT×JC) on the bullying-CWB link were investigated. Material and Methods Data were collected from 659 white- and blue-collar workers. The 2- and 3-way interactional effects were analyzed by means of PROCESS macros. Results The analysis showed that high bullying was directly related to high active and passive types of CWB. The 2- and 3-way interactional effects were observed but only in relation to active (not passive) CWB. Bullying was associated with active CWB when the Dark Triad and job control were high. Conclusions The study showed different ways of both types of CWB development. The findings provide further insight into processes leading to an increase in active and passive CWB. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(6):777–95

13

Job stress, occupational position and gender as factors differentiating workplace bullying experience

63%

Drabek M., Merecz D.

Medycyna Pracy

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2013

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vol. 64

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issue 3

283-296

PL

Wstęp: Wyniki referowanych badań wpisują się w szeroki nurt dyskusji nad korelatami mobbingu. Głównym celem badań było uzyskanie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy płeć pracownika, jego pozycja zawodowa w firmie oraz stresogenność środowiska pracy różnicują narażenie na mobbing pracowniczy. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono z udziałem 1313 pracowników spółki transportowej. Analizowano relacje między płcią, zajmowanym stanowiskiem oraz poziomem stresu a narażeniem na mobbing (w tym na różne rodzaje działań mobbingowych, z uwzględnieniem ich sprawców). Oceny poziomu narażenia na mobbing dokonano na podstawie wyników Kwestionariusza MDM, a oceny stresu w pracy z użyciem Kwestionariusza do Subiektywnej Oceny Pracy. Wyniki: Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że kobiety były bardziej narażone na mobbing (Z = –1,999; p < 0,05). Częściej od mężczyzn doświadczały też zachowań mobbingowych ze strony kolegów (Z = –2,712; p < 0,01), w tym działań godzących w wizerunek (Z = –2,922; p < 0,01) oraz relacje społeczne (Z = –3,004; p < 0,01). Kierownicy częściej od swoich podwładnych doświadczali mobbingu ogólnie (Z = ‑2,762; p < 0,01), mobbingu ze strony współpracowników (Z = –0,014; p < 0,05) oraz działań kolegów, które negatywnie wpływały na relacje społeczne w pracy (Z = –2,260; p < 0,05). Ponadto okazało się, że osoby bardziej zestresowane częściej doświadczały zarówno mobbingu ogólnie (Z = –8,171; p < 0,001), jak i mobbingu ze strony kolegów (Z = –7,114; p < 0,001) i szefów (Z = –6,716; p < 0,001) oraz wszystkich poszczególnych rodzajów zachowań (p < 0,001). Wnioski: Porównując otrzymane wyniki z danymi literaturowymi wydaje się, że konstelacja stwierdzanych związków i zależności odzwierciedla zarówno kontekst kulturowy, jak i specyficzną sytuację firmy oraz że trudno mówić o pewnych indywidualnych predyktorach mobbingu. Med. Pr. 2013;64(3):283–296

EN

Background: The results of our research broaden the knowledge concerning the correlates of mobbing. The study is aimed at finding out whether an employee's gender, his/her occupational position and level of occupational stress are related to bullying experience. Material and Methods: 1313 employees of a transport company participated in the study. The relationships between gender, occupational position, the level of stress and bullying were analysed. Bullying was measured by the use of the MDM Questionnaire, while work environment was assessed using the Subjective Assessment of Work Questionnaire. Results: It was found that women were generally more exposed to bullying than men (Z = –1.999; p < 0.05). Women experienced more bullying by their colleagues than men did (Z = –2.712; p < 0.01), in particular: bullying by colleagues that destroys the worker's image (Z = –2.922; p < 0.01) and bullying by colleagues that destroys social relations (Z = –3.004; p < 0.01). Individuals with managerial jobs experienced overall bullying (Z = –2.762; p < 0.01), bullying by colleagues (Z = –0.014; p < 0.05) and bullying by colleagues that destroys social relations (Z = –2.260; p < 0.05) more often than the individuals with non-management positions. The results of the study also indicated that employees with higher level of stress in comparison with less stressed co-workers reported more incidents of bullying behaviour (overall bullying – Z = –8.171; p < 0.001, bullying by colleagues – Z = –7.114; p < 0.001, bullying by supervisors – Z = –6.716; p < 0.001, all types of behaviour – p < 0.001). Conclusions: Comparing the results of our study to the previous research, it seems that the pattern of relationships between individual characteristics and bullying is rooted in the wider cultural context, the specificity of the company, its organisational culture as well as its situation. Therefore it's difficult to talk about irrefutable individual correlates of bullying at work. Med Pr 2013;64(3):283–296

14

Work with visual display units and musculoskeletal disorders: A cross-sectional study

51%

Riccò M., Cattani S., Gualerzi G., Signorelli C.

Medycyna Pracy

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2016

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vol. 67

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issue 6

707-719

PL

Wstęp Badania epidemiologiczne wykazały, że osoby pracujące przy monitorach ekranowych (visual display units – VDU) częściej skarżą się na zaburzenia mięśniowo-szkieletowe (musculoskeletal disorders – MSDs). Celem badania była ocena związku między MSDs a cechami indywidualnymi pracowników i czynnikami związanymi z pracą. Materiał i metody Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 1032 osób używających VDU w pracy. Zebrano dane dotyczące cech indywidualnych badanych (wiek, staż pracy, historia palenia, aktywność fizyczna) i czynników związanych z wykonywaną pracą (najczęstsze czynności, pozycja ciała). Oceniono też zgodność środowiska pracy z normą ISO 9241-5:1998. W celu dokładnej analizy występowania MSDs przeprowadzono bezpośrednią obserwację osób badanych i ich stanowisk pracy. Skorygowane ilorazy szans (adjusted odds ratios – ORa) obliczono z zastosowaniem modelu regresji logistycznej. Wyniki Częstość występowania MSDs była stosunkowo wysoka (53%). Zaobserwowano statystycznie istotną zależność między MSDs a płcią żeńską (OR = 2,832, 95% przedział ufności (confidence interval – CI): 2,178–3,683), wiekiem powyżej 50 lat (OR = 2,231, 95% CI: 1,236–4,026) i dłuższym narażeniem na VDU – zarówno w wyniku dłuższego stażu pracy (10–14 lat: OR = 1,934, 95% CI: 1,301–2,875; ≥ 15 lat: OR = 2,223, 95% CI: 1,510–3,271), jak i większego wymiaru czasu pracy (30–39 godz./tydzień: OR = 1,537, 95% CI: 1,087–2,273). Analiza wieloczynnikowa potwierdziła, że nieodpowiednio zorganizowane stanowisko pracy jest czynnikiem ryzyka MSDs (ORa = 2,375, 95% CI: 1,124–5,018). Wnioski Występowanie zaburzeń mięśniowo-szkieletowych jest istotnie związane z indywidualnymi cechami pracownika i właściwościami środowiska pracy. Odpowiednio zorganizowane stanowiska pracy mogą znacznie zmniejszyć częstość występowania MSDs u osób pracujących przy VDU. Med. Pr. 2016;67(6):707–719

EN

Background Epidemiological studies have shown that employees working with visual display units (VDU) are more likely to complain about musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this study has been to evaluate associations among MSDs and individuals and work-related factors. Material and Methods A total of 1032 VDU workers were assessed about their personal (i.e., age, working history, smoking history, physical activity) and work-related factors (i.e., predominant job tasks performed, work posture). Work environment was evaluated regarding fulfillment of the standard ISO 9241-5:1998. The investigation required a direct observation of participants (in order to accurately assess the prevalence of MSDs) and workstations. Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) were calculated by means of the logistic regression model. Results Prevalence of MSDs was relatively high (53%). In general, MSDs were significantly associated with female sex (OR = 2.832, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.178–3.683), age ≥ 50 years old (OR = 2.231, 95% CI: 1.236–4.026), longer exposure to VDU, both as working history (10–14 years: OR = 1.934, 95% CI: 1.301–2.875; ≥ 15 years: OR = 2.223, 95% CI: 1.510–3.271) and working time (30–39 h/week: OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.087–2.273). Inappropriate workstation design was confirmed by the multivariate analysis as a risk factor for MSDs (ORa = 2.375, 95% CI: 1.124–5.018). Conclusions Musculoskeletal disorders were significantly associated with individual factors as well as characteristics of work environment. An appropriate design of workstations may significantly reduce their prevalence amongst VDU workers. Med Pr 2016;67(6):707–719

15

Humor nauczycieli i jego związki z przewlekłym zmęczeniem – mediacyjna rola poczucia stresu w pracy

51%

Kruczek A.

Medycyna Pracy

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2019

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vol. 70

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issue 3

343-361

EN

Background In recent years, many scientific studies, both in Poland and in the world, have proven that teaching is considered a profession with a high level of stress. The experience of prolonged stress and a lack of abilities to meet challenges can lead to the occurrence of chronic fatigue in teachers. Of key importance in coping with stress are personal resources, which include humor described by humor styles and coping humor. Material and Methods The study involved 166 teachers (145 women and 21 men) aged 23–67 (M = 43.02, SD = 9.98). The following tools were used in the research: the Coping Humor Scale (CHS), the Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ), the Sense of Stress at Work (PSS-10P) (the Polish modification of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale – PSS-10), the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS20R) and a personal questionnaire. Results In the light of the research, teachers were characterized by a medium level of the sense of stress at work, coping humor and chronic fatigue. Affiliative and self-enhancing styles dominated in this group. The more often teachers used the affiliative and self-enhancing styles, the less likely they were to experience chronic fatigue. The sense of stress at work mediated the relationship between the positive dimensions of humor and chronic fatigue and its dimensions. In contrast, aggressive and self-deprecating humor styles were not associated with chronic fatigue. Conclusions It can be hypothesized that positive humor protects against chronic fatigue. The sense of stress at work plays an important role in explaining this relationship. Med Pr. 2019;70(3):343–61

PL

Wstęp W ostatnich latach wiele badań naukowych zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie dowiodło, że zawód nauczycielski jest związany z wysokim poziomem stresu. Doświadczanie długotrwałego stresu oraz niewielka umiejętność sprostania wyzwaniom mogą doprowadzić do wystąpienia przewlekłego zmęczenia. Kluczowe znaczenie w radzeniu sobie ze stresem mają zasoby osobiste, do których zaliczono humor opisywany za pomocą stylów i radzenie sobie przez humor. Materiał i metody W badaniach wzięło udział 166 nauczycieli (145 kobiet i 21 mężczyzn) w wieku 23–67 lat (M = 43,02, SD = 9,98). Zastosowano następujące narzędzia: Skalę radzenia sobie przez humor (Coping Humour Scale – CHS), Kwestionariusz stylów humoru (Humor Style Questionnaire – HSQ), Skalę odczuwanego stresu w pracy (PSS-10P, polska modyfikacja 10-item Perceived Stress Scale – PSS-10), Kwestionariusz oceny samopoczucia (Checklist Individual Strength – CIS20R) oraz ankietę własną. Wyniki Wartości nasilenia poczucia stresu w pracy, radzenia sobie przez humor i przewlekłego zmęczenia u nauczycieli były średnie. W tej grupie zawodowej dominowały 2 style humoru: afiliacyjny i w służbie ego. Im częściej nauczyciele radzili sobie za pomocą tych 2 stylów, tym rzadziej byli narażeni na przewlekłe zmęczenie. Poczucie stresu w pracy mediowało związek między pozytywnymi wymiarami humoru a przewlekłym zmęczeniem i jego wymiarami. Natomiast humor agresywny i samodeprecjonujący nie był związany z przewlekłym zmęczeniem. Wnioski Można postawić hipotezę, że humor pozytywny chroni przed przewlekłym zmęczeniem. W wyjaśnianiu tego związku istotną rolę odgrywa poczucie stresu w pracy. Med. Pr. 2019;70(3):343–361

16

Zjawiska stresu i wypalenia zawodowego w opiece paliatywnej

51%

Stelcer B., Bilski B.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2020

|

vol. 71

|

issue 1

69-78

EN

This paper is focused on the analysis of the phenomenon of occupational burnout from the perspectives of the sick person, his/her family and the helper. Practical principles of effective care for dying people and their families were also indicated in order to make the therapeutic team free from the symptoms of occupational burnout.

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano zjawisko wypalenia zawodowego, zwracając uwagę na perspektywy chorego, jego rodziny i pomagającego. Wskazano również praktyczne zasady efektywnej opieki nad umierającymi i ich rodzinami, prowadzonej tak, aby zespół terapeutyczny był wolny od zjawiska wypalenia zawodowego.

17

Dwa typy elastyczności – w radzeniu sobie i poznawcza – oraz ich relacja z odczuwanym stresem wśród funkcjonariuszy straży pożarnej

51%

Borzyszkowska A., Basińska M. A.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2020

|

vol. 71

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issue 4

441-450

EN

BackgroundFlexibility in coping with stress and cognitive flexibility are new constructs both in Polish and European psychological sciences. A person displaying flexibility in coping has a wide repertoire of remedial strategies, which he or she is able to change if the situation so requires, and which reflect on the strategies used, while a person displaying cognitive flexibility is ready to look for new ways to cope. The profession of a firefighter involves exposure to various stressors, and occupational stress can affect not only mental health, but also the quality of work performed. That is why flexibility in coping with stress and cognitive flexibility seem so important. The aim of the study was to perform empirical verification of the relationship between flexibility in coping and cognitive flexibility, as well as to determine their relationship with the stress perceived by the respondents.Material and MethodsOverall, 104 firefighters (males only) were qualified for the examination. The average age of the respondents was 34 years (SD = 7.81). The Flexibility in Coping with Stress Questionnaire (FCSQ-14), the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were used.ResultsThere is a statistically significant relationship between flexibility in coping with stress and its dimensions, and cognitive flexibility and its dimensions, in the examined group of firefighters. The strongest positive relationship was observed between cognitive flexibility and repertoire (r = 0.639, p < 0.001), and the weakest between cognitive control and reflectivity (r = 0.257, p = 0.009). A statistically significant negative relationship was found between flexibility in coping with stress (r = –0.339, p = 0.001) and cognitive flexibility (r = –0.359, p < 0.001), and stress experienced by the respondents. There was no statistically significant relationship between reflectivity, which is a dimension of flexibility in coping with stress, and perceived stress.ConclusionsThere is a need to consider the possibility of including in the prevention programs addressed to firefighters the need to support subjective resources, which include flexibility in coping with stress and cognitive flexibility. The results also indicate the need to deepen research in order to better understand the constructs of flexibility in coping with stress and cognitive flexibility.

PL

WstępElastyczność w radzeniu sobie ze stresem i elastyczność poznawcza to konstrukty nowe na gruncie polskich i europejskich nauk psychologicznych. Osoba elastyczna w radzeniu sobie posiada szeroki repertuar poddawanych refleksji strategii zaradczych, zmienianych w zależności od ich skuteczności lub specyfiki sytuacji. Osoba elastyczna poznawczo jest gotowa do poszukiwania nowych sposobów radzenia sobie. Zawód strażaka wiąże się z narażeniem na różne stresory, a stres zawodowy może wpływać nie tylko na zdrowie psychiczne, lecz również na jakość wykonywanej pracy. Dlatego elastyczność w radzeniu sobie ze stresem i elastyczność poznawcza wydają się tak ważne. Celem badania była empiryczna weryfikacja związku pomiędzy elastycznością w radzeniu sobie i elastycznością poznawczą oraz określenie ich relacji z odczuwanym przez badanych stresem.Materiał i metodyDo badania zakwalifikowano 104 strażaków – tylko mężczyzn. Średni wiek badanych to 34 lata (SD = 7,81). Wykorzystano Kwestionariusz elastyczności w radzeniu sobie (KERS-14), Kwestionariusz elastyczności poznawczej (KEP) oraz Skalę odczuwanego stresu (Perceived Stress Scale – PSS-10).WynikiU badanych strażaków występował istotny statystycznie związek między elastycznością w radzeniu sobie ze stresem i jej wymiarami a elastycznością poznawczą i jej wymiarami. Najsilniejszy pozytywny związek zaobserwowano pomiędzy elastycznością poznawczą i repertuarem strategii (r = 0,639, p < 0,001), najsłabszy – pomiędzy kontrolą poznawczą a refleksyjnością (r = 0,257, p = 0,009). Dowiedziono, że występuje istotny statystycznie negatywny związek pomiędzy elastycznością w radzeniu sobie ze stresem (r = –0,339, p = 0,001) i elastycznością poznawczą (r = –0,359, p < 0,001) a odczuwanym przez badanych stresem. Nie odnotowano istotnego statystycznie związku pomiędzy refleksyjnością stanowiącą wymiar elastyczności w radzeniu sobie a odczuwanym przez strażaków stresem.WnioskiNależy rozważyć możliwość uwzględnienia w programach profilaktycznych skierowanych do strażaków potrzeby wspierania zasobów podmiotowych, do których zaliczyć można elastyczność w radzeniu sobie ze stresem i elastyczność poznawczą. Wyniki wskazują również na konieczność pogłębienia badań w celu lepszego zrozumienia obu konstruktów.

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Zjawiska stresu i wypalenia zawodowego w opiece paliatywnej

Dwa typy elastyczności – w radzeniu sobie i poznawcza – oraz ich relacja z odczuwanym stresem wśród funkcjonariuszy straży pożarnej