Search results

1

Perswazyjnie o warsztacie dziennikarskim (na przykładzie publikacji w rubryce „Media – warsztat” miesięcznika „Press”)

100%

Worsowicz M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F., Monika Worsowicz – prowadzi zajęcia z zakresu gatunków dziennikarskich r. i. e. t. n. A. m. p. O. d. s. T. r. a. w. p. m. Ł. o. p. z. z. d. p., mowors@uni.lodz.pl

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

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2015

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vol. 28

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issue 2

EN

The article is dedicated to aspects of a journalist’s work published between 1996–2014 in the professional monthly magazine Press, aimed at people interested in media, advertisement and public relations. These statements help other media professionals become familiar with the work experience of their colleagues, as well as help acquaint new entrants to the profession with the rules, difficulties and dilemmas associated with this work. The author classifies and defines three types of published texts: those written in an instructional form, those which approach the conventions of an informative article, and finally, copyright protected publications. An analysis of these texts leads to a conclusion that the primary aims of the publication have led its authors to focus attention on perceptions and the practical dimensions of the knowledge being shared. They use detailed descriptions, and have gradually abandoned ready solutions, encouraging readers instead to consider a range of possibilities; they also illustrate their suggestions with examples from personal experience. They do not fail to provide enlightening recollections of their own mistakes or detail the difficult beginnings of their own careers. The role models presented demand from the reader an ability to synthesize various elements. The original structure of the publication as well as its thoughtful and recollection-driven approach to the subject helps to achieve this. An awareness of the technical nature of texts urges experienced journalists to explain in plain terms the ins and outs of the profession by presenting specific events, making comparisons, and offering brief advice or warnings. This also relates to the language of expression they use, which makes even the official and hackneyed style of instructional discourse easy to understand.

2

Alfred Korzybski's Thought and the Question of the Search for Truth in Journalist's Work

100%

Wacławczyk W.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2007

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vol. 36

255-262

EN

In 1933, twelve years aer his Manhood and Humanity came out, Alfred Korzybski (1879-1950), a Polish aristocrat who arrived in the United States during World War I, published his most famous book called Science and Sanity. A former Russian intelligence officer, earlier trained as a chemical engineer at the Polytechnic Institute in Warsaw, Korzybski had a broad-ranging intellectual background, which he employed to work out his theory of general semantics. It is beyond doubt that the theory under discussion can help journalists depict the reality of the world in its multidimensional complexity – and thus make their performance more professional.

3

Produkcja i konsumpcja newsów w czasach Facebooka, czyli komu potrzebni są jeszcze dziennikarze?

100%

Wolska-Zogata I.

Zarządzanie Mediami

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2016

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vol. 4

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issue 1

1-14

EN

System of social communication is constantly evolving. The history of media shows that new technologies play a significant role in the formation and perception of social environment. In the 21st century, the influence of the Internet on the functioning of the social, political and media institutions has become a subject of interest shared by numerous scholars working within the field of communication and social sciences. Changes in the area of the media are thought to have important economic, cultural, and social consequences. However, the nature and scale of these changes are rather controversial (Briggs i Burke 2010). Technological changes, also those occurring in the world of media, result in drawing two risky conclusions. First of them is that the changes are perceived as an enemy (things are getting worse); second of them is – in opposition to the first one – that changes are seen as progress. In the media, the newest technologies have transformed the nature of the work of organisation and media workers, range of persons creating content, ways of retrieving and spreading information, ways of creating news, as well as ways of news consumption. This article presents changes taking place in the media environment and attempts to indicate further possible directions taken by these changes. The article undertake to indicate the possible direction in which they follow the media and journalism in the era of the dominance of social media, with a focus on the role of Facebook. Is the journalist continues to be the provider of news? What comes down the function of searching for information? Where consumers are looking for news and whether a journalist is still a credible figure?

4

Stefania Kossowska – dziennikarka polskiej przestrzeni publicznej na emigracji w Londynie

100%

Chwastyk-Kowalczyk J.

Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO

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2019

51-63

EN

In the autumn of 2019 passed the 16 ish public space journalist in exile in London. Born in Lvov in 1909, educated in Warsaw th anniversary and abroad, she was a great erudite, fond of reading and writing. Her creative accomplishments, literary, journalistic and organizational activity is the foundation of the cultural life andscape of Polish diaspora abroad. She belonged to the generation „invincible”, formed in the interwar period, gained her journalist Polish in the editorial staz of „Ivy”, „ABC”, „Warsaw Evening” and „Straight in the Eyes”. A collaborator of the Polish émigré magazines i the UK: Mieczysław Grydzewski’s „News” (editor-in-chief in the years 1974 to 1981), „General Overview”, „White Eagle”, „Pulse”, „Literary Memoirs,” „Polish Diary and Soldier’s Diary” with its addendum – „Polish Week”, Parisian „Culture”. The author, among others, of books: I live in London; From Herbert to Herbert. je „News” Award 1958–1990; I write yo as I see you; Ancestors Gallery and Friends and acquaintances. She was a permanent collaborator of the Radio Free Europe. In 1994 she gave the „News” archive to the University Library in Torun.

5

Podstawy prawne zatrudniania dziennikarzy – główne pojęcia

88%

Ziółkowska K.

Media – Kultura – Komunikacja Społeczna

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2013

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issue 9

219-226

EN

The main objective of this paper is to present the different forms of the employment of journalists based on the current legislation. The article describes the legal status and rights provided under a contract of employment according to the Labour Code (employment for a probationary period, undetermined period of time, determined period of time or to substitute). There are also other legal bases of journalist employment currently in Poland. These are civil-legal contracts such as a mandate contract or a contract for specific work which are regulated by the Civil Code. Employers are increasingly often concluding contracts with journalists for specific tasks, which are known as “rubbish contracts” because they do not guarantee many employee rights. The author presents, among others, the statutory definition of an employment relationship and the basic differences between the above-mentioned types of contracts.

6

FLAVOURS OF A PRESS CONFERENCE

88%

Źródlewski D.

Muzealnictwo

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2013

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vol. 54

29-33

EN

The promotion of such an institution as a museum or a gallery is a theme both diffi cult and easy. Is one to ”sell” specialist, scientific contents, outright incomprehensible for the general public? I intentionally used the word “sell” since promotion of even the most valuable and sophisticated item, e.g. a thousand years-old archaeological exhibit is subjected to the same “sale mechanisms” as laundry detergent or washing up liquid. What should be done to attract numerous editors and journalists to a press conference? The inevitable are assorted gadgets, gifts, tickets to the presented event and catering. During the fi rst stage of our work importance is attached not to the contents but to originality. The greater the “attraction” the more certain the presence of the journalists. It is also important to prepare illustrations or a film, to be subsequently used by the press. The selection of such attractions to a great extent depends on the good taste and talent of the organisers. The conference conceived as one of the most prominent points on the press agenda must ”taste well” and has to be tempting. An indispensable element of almost every conference involves… coffee or refreshments. Another necessity is a large table of use for persons who… take notes or want to place their microphones. The majority of journalists record statements to be broadcast (radio) or turned into documentation. Original solutions condemning them to recline or squat in front of the speaker while holding microphones or dictaphones in outstretched hands are unacceptable. In the case of conferences attended by numerous participants microphones must be shifted, which causes much confusion but by resorting to a suitable and functional arrangement of the conference space this obstacle too can be removed. It is also best to present prior to the onset of the meeting a detailed plan, preferably in writing, together with the names of the participants, their titles and functions. This will facilitate the work performed by the organisers and allow them to concentrate on topics of greatest interest to them. Make plans for a screen - a multi-media presentation can constitute a favourable backdrop for the conference under the condition that it is not projected on the faces of those attending it. The contents of a press conference aim at expending the subject. An important role is played by the moderator who acting upon the basis of his knowledge and experience supervises the exchange of views and selects contents indispensable for the journalists. Detailed questions are posed in the course of so-called individual interviews. Finally, it is worth preparing an account of the event and securing consent for quoting it and distributing the electronic version in a format enabling its edition.

7

Językowe sposoby wyrażania ekspresji. Tomasz Raczek o dziennikarzach

88%

Majewska M.

Poradnik Językowy

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2020

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vol. 776

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issue 7

77-84

EN

In the first part of the text entitled Linguistic methods of expressing emotions. Tomasz Raczek about journalist, the author presents Tomasz Raczek’s writing, in particular his feature articles, where the columnist refers to the contemporary social life from the perspective of film and television criticism. In the subsequent parts of the text, the author describes selected components of the history of feature articles and presents some definitions of a feature article, and then focuses on the linguistic aspects of a subjective way of expressing the emotions and feelings accompanying the description of mass media personalities. The author pays a special attention to the techniques used by Raczek, for example putting things very close together in order to show a contrast, using metaphors and anglicisms to describe media personalities. In the last part of the text, the author juxtaposes the previously described techniques of the columnist, sums up the discussions on the linguistic methods of expressing emotions and feelings in Tomasz Raczek’s feature articles.

8

SMAKI KONFERENCJI PRASOWEJ

88%

Źródlewski D.

Muzealnictwo

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2013

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vol. 54

29-33

PL

Promocja takiej instytucji, jak muzeum czy galeria to temat zarazem łatwy i trudny. Jak „sprzedać” często niezrozumiałe dla ogółu, specjalistyczne, naukowe treści. Celowo użyłem określenia „sprzedać”, bo promocja nawet najcenniejszego i najbardziej wyrafinowanego obiektu np. archeologicznego sprzed tysięcy lat podlega tym samym „mechanizmom sprzedaży” co proszek do prania, czy płyn do mycia naczyń. Co trzeba zrobić, by wielu redaktorów i dziennikarzy zjawiło się na konferencji prasowej. Niezbędne są – gadżety, prezenty, bilety na omawiane wydarzenie i catering. W pierwszym etapie naszej pracy liczy się nie wartość merytoryczna, lecz oryginalność. Im większa „atrakcja” tym większa pewność obecności dziennikarzy. Ważne jest także przygotowanie, do późniejszego wykorzystania przez dziennikarzy, ilustracji lub filmu. Dobór atrakcji w dużej mierze zależy od wyczucia i dobrego smaku organizatorów. Tak – konferencja jako jeden z najważniejszych punktów prasowego spotkania może „smakować”, a musi kusić. Nieodłącznym elementem każdej niemal konferencji jest… kawa lub skromny poczęstunek. Potrzebny jest też duży stół – przydatny przedmiot dla osób które… robią notatki, ale także na ustawienie mikrofonów. Większość dziennikarzy nagrywa wypowiedzi do emisji (radio) lub dokumentacji. Oryginalne pomysły skazujące dziennikarzy na leżenie lub kucanie przed mówcami z wyciągniętymi doń dłońmi zakończonymi mikrofonami lub dyktafonami są trudne do zaakceptowania. Przy konferencjach, w którym bierze udział wiele osób, mikrofony muszą być przestawiane, co powoduje wiele zamieszania, ale odpowiednim, funkcjonalnym zaplanowaniem konferencyjnej przestrzeni, możemy to ułatwić. Przedstawmy także, przed rozpoczęciem spotkania, najlepiej pisemnie, szczegółowy jego plan wraz z nazwiskami uczestników, ich tytułami naukowymi oraz funkcjami. Ułatwi to dziennikarzom pracę i pozwoli skupić się na najbardziej ich interesujących tematach. Pomyślmy o ekranie – prezentacja multimedialna może stanowić też korzystne tło dla naszego spotkania, pod warunkiem, że nie jest wyświetlana na twarzach jego uczestników. Merytoryka spotkania prasowego powinna dążyć do hasłowego wyczerpania tematu. Ważny jest moderator, który działając na podstawie wiedzy i doświadczenia, poprowadzi rozmowę i wybierze treści niezbędne dla dziennikarzy. Miejsce na szczegółowe pytania, to tzw. rozmowy indywidualne. Warto także przygotować relację ze spotkania, ze zgodą na cytowanie, i rozesłanie jej elektronicznej wersji, w formacie umożliwiającym edycję.

9

Odpowiedzialność redaktora za przestępstwo prasowe (art. 49a)

88%

Kosmaty P.

Problemy Prawa Karnego

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2017

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vol. 1 (27)

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issue 1

119-131

EN

The main aim of the article is to discuss the issue of the liability of an editor for a press offence, according to Article 49a of the press law. The analysis begins with a historical overview which shows the evolution of liability for offences committed in print by press outlets. To this end, the author introduces the concepts of the right of anonymity or the responsible editor. These two institutions, characteristic of the interwar period, performed two extremely different functions. The former allowed to conceal the identity of the author of the printed material, while the latter was instituted in order to ensure that the victims were sufficiently protected. The analysis of the current provisions of the press law showed that the legislator introduced two separate legal definitions: that of an editor and that of an editor in chief. The following part of the article discusses those two categories in more detail, paying particular attention to the decoding of their definitions as introduced in the press law from a practical standpoint. Moreover, it has been emphasized that each editor in chief is also an editor, but not vice versa, since some regulations are addressed specifically to the editor in chief. Bearing in mind that assigning liability for a press offence is dependent on determining the moment from which a person can be considered an editor in chief, the author discusses the registration system for journals and periodicals. As a result, the author determines three distinct periods of time which determine the possibility of considering a particular person as an editor in chief. The last part of the article is devoted to the rules and circumstances of prosecution of the editor for publishing a press article. The author points to the differences which stem from assuming a different subject party of the offence. In the cases of assuming negligence, it results in liability under Article 49a of the press law, whereas in the cases of assuming intentionality results in liability for an intentional offence of another type committed in complicity.

10

Rzetelność dziennikarska. Postać dziennikarza we współczesnych tekstach teatralnych

88%

Flader-Rzeszowska K.

Studia Ełckie

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2022

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vol. 24

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issue 4

539-551

EN

The article discusses the figure of a journalist presented in the contemporary drama scripts. The author analyzes how consistent journalists are, if they observe professional ethical standards and if they treat their profession as a calling and mission or only a way of making a living. The analysis of three dramas – Witaj Barabaszu by Jarosław Jakubowski, Powrót do Reims by Beniamin Bukowski and Wolny strzelec by Ishbel Szatrawska – suggests that the journalists featuring in the dramas treat their profession as a way of creating reality, manipulating facts along with their reception, taking advantage of guests and informers to present a subjective account of events. When preparing the materials, they fail to maintain integrity, especially the principle of being unbiased and objective. The descriptions of the journalists indicate a loss of public confidence in media-related professions. Many current journalists have ceased to be thoughtful professionals and turned into being entertainment providers, manipulators or celebrities. The theater seems to hyperbolize this situation to put the problem in the spotlight and encourage a public debate.

11

Amendment to the rights and obligations of a journalist in act: press law from the perspective of conscience clause

88%

Sobczak J., Golda-Sobczak M.

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2023

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vol. 17

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issue 3 ENG

95-116

PL

The conscience clause, sometimes also referred to as the right to conscientious objection, is based on the possibility of refusing to comply with a binding legal norm due to its non-conformity with the indications of conscience of the person who invokes its content. Commonly derived, especially in Poland, from Article 53 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, this clause initially applied to physicians’ actions. It was also suggested that this clause could form the basis for conscientious objection to an abortion procedure. Drawing on Article 10(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, and emphasising the differences in the wording of this provision in different language versions, the article argues that such interpretation of the conscience clause is too narrow and poor. Attention is drawn to the amendments made to the wording of Article 10(2) of the Press Law, where the legislator replaced the journalist’s obligation to follow the editorial policy with the right to refuse to carry out an official order if the journalist believed that they were expected to publish a material that would violate the principles of reliability, objectivity and professional diligence. This solution undoubtedly constitutes the approval of the broadly understood conscience clause explicitly formulated in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The content of Article 10(2) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights allows for conscientious objection to apply to actions of the representatives across all professions.

12

Journalists in Parliaments. Three cases concerning the accessibility of legislatures in Central Europe

75%

Smuk P.

Central European Papers

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2017

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vol. 5

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issue 2

11-26

EN

In modern legislatures, the public nature of political debates has been achieved as a constitutional principle. Constitutions and parliamentary standing orders provide with possibilities for journalists and media to access to sittings of the legislatures in order to offer the public the information on issues debated in parliament. Against this normative background, this paper introduces three cases (from Macedonia, Poland and Hungary) where journalists’ work have been limited in legislatures for several reasons. The paper considers also the competing values of freedom of information, freedom of expression visa-vis the dignity and undisturbed functioning of parliaments.

13

Legal Regulation of Professional Activities of a Journalist in the Context of Crimes Against Journalists

75%

Kremenchuk I., Horlov Y.

Reality of Politics

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2019

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issue 10

79-91

EN

The problem of legal regulation of professional activities of a journalist is relevant because the state and its law enforcement system, the state of law and order in the society as well as its moral values appear to the public as it is seen (or should be seen by their owners) by the mass media (hereinafter - the media). However, the real situation may differ significantly from how it is presented by the journalists. That is why their activity should be clearly regulated by law.

14

Dialog na łamach tygodników opinii w Polsce – rzeczywistość czy mistyfikacja?

71%

Bäcker R., Lewandowska M.

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

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2020

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issue 3

65-82

EN

The article examines how weekly magazines carry out journalistic dialog in Poland. The hypothesis related to editorials proposes that they often address the same topics, but fail to use substantive arguments when discussing the problem. The study shows that journalists do not touch upon the same topics as often as it might seem. The topics that tend to repeat across journals are most often the most important issues related to current political events. Journalists refer to each other in their articles using substantive and eristic arguments.

PL

Celem artykułu było zbadanie, jaki jest poziom dialogiczności w tygodnikach opinii w Polsce. Hipoteza zakładała, że redakcje często poruszają te same tematy, ale w dyskusji trudno znaleźć merytoryczne odpowiedzi na argumenty drugiej strony sporu. Badanie wykazało, że dziennikarze poruszają te same kwestie zdecydowanie rzadziej, niż mogłoby się wydawać. Najczęściej powtarzającymi się kwestiami są zwykle najważniejsze tematy, odnoszące się do bieżących wydarzeń politycznych. Dziennikarze nawiązują wzajemnie do swoich artykułów, wykorzystując zarówno argumenty merytoryczne, jak i erystyczne.

15

Kształcenie dziennikarzy. Wyzwania, koncepcje, metody

71%

Sobczak B.

Polonistyka. Innowacje

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2016

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issue 4

31-44

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the concept of journalism education, developed and implemented at the journalism course in Polish Philology at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, in the context of reflection on the transformations, which constantly affect journalist, and an analysis of models of journalist education in Poland. The main problems faced by courses or classes educating future journalists include the issue of the obsolescence of the knowledge transferred in the course of study, linking education with the requirements of the labor market, adapting the training methods to the requirements of the network generation (as per Don Tapscott) and finally – preparation for the profession, which has many areas of expertise. The proposed model for the course involves theoretical and practical education, and the profile of a graduate is based on four pillars. It is assumed that a journalist is well-educated, guided by the principles of ethics, knows the techniques of journalism well and is aware of the need for self-improvement.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji kształcenia dziennikarskiego, opracowanej i realizowanej w ramach specjalności dziennikarskiej na kierunku filologia polska na Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, w kontekście refleksji nad przeobrażeniami, jakim nieustannie podlega zawód dziennikarza, oraz analizy modeli kształcenia dziennikarzy w Polsce. Główne problemy, z jakimi muszą się zmierzyć kierunki czy specjalności kształcące przyszłych dziennikarzy, to problem dezaktualizowania się wiedzy przekazywanej w trakcie studiów, powiązanie nauki z wymogami rynku pracy, dostosowanie metod kształcenia do wymagań pokolenia sieci (określenie Dona Tapscotta) i w końcu – przygotowanie do zawodu, który ma wiele specjalizacji. Proponowany na specjalności model to kształcenie teoretyczno-praktyczne, a sylwetka absolwenta specjalności opiera się na czterech filarach. Zakłada, że dziennikarz to człowiek dobrze wykształcony, kierujący się zasadami etyki, sprawnie posługujący się technikami warsztatu dziennikarskiego i świadomy konieczności samodoskonalenia się.

16

Sociální demokrat a novinář Emil Kutscha

63%

Rataj M.

Časopis Slezského zemského muzea. Série B, Vědy historické (Silesian Museum Journal. Series B - History)

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2016

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vol. 1

35-48

EN

Emil Kutscha, native of Moravice, an important representative of Social Democratic Party of Germany (DSAP) in Silesia worked in Opava in 1918–1937 and spent the remaining months till his escape from the border area occupied by Germans on 1st October 1938 in Krnov. He was a member of the local authority in Opava and in 1923‒1938 a party district secretary; in 1930 he also became the member of the party presidium. In the 1930 he was a member of the party directorate of printing works and publishing house Vorwärts. He deputized for the publisher in the editorial board of the party paper „Volkspresse“ published in Opava, and so he could have influence the content of the newspapers significantly. In his articles he acted as uncompromising critic of Nazis.

17

Prawda informacji dziennikarskiej w społecznym nauczaniu Kościoła i kodeksach etycznych środków komunikowania

63%

Leszko P.

Sympozjum

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2019

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issue 1(36)

247-262

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie, iż najważniejszą właściwością informacji przekazywanej przez dziennikarza jest prawda. Jednym z podstawowych praw człowieka jest bowiem prawo do prawdziwej informacji, gdyż wyłącznie na prawdzie można budować dobro wspólne. Zadaniem dziennikarza jest więc troska o prawdziwość informacji na każdym etapie, zarówno podczas gromadzenia, przekazywania, jak i korzystania z odpowiednich środków technicznych.

EN

The purpose of this article is to show that the most important feature of information provided by a journalist is truth. One of the basic human rights is the right to true information, because the common good can be built only on the truth. The journalist’s task is to take care of the truthfulness of information at every stage, both during the collection, transmission and use of appropriate technical means.

18

Dziennikarze, reporterzy, reportażyści – specyfika funkcjonowania zespołów radiowych

63%

Musialik-Chmiel A.

Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi

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2016

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issue 5(112) "Zarządzanie w organizacjach funkcjonujących na rynku multimediów"

59-68

PL

Odmienność stylu radiowej pracy charakteryzuje podział dziennikarzy na: reporterów, sprawozdawców, komentatorów, serwisantów, prezenterów itd. Wyraża się ona również w rozgraniczeniu na reportażystów i reporterów. Stacja radiowa jest interesującym przykładem redakcji rozumianej jako jednostka, która stwarza warunki do przygotowywania materiałów do publikacji. Jednak powstają w niej nie tylko programy informacyjne i publicystyczne, ale także formy o charakterze artystycznym, utwory nowatorskie i dźwiękowe narracje. Intencją autorki jest wskazanie złożoności pracy zespołu dziennikarzy radiowych i wymagań, jakie stwarza nieodzowna w budowaniu przekazu radiowego technologia.

EN

The uniqueness of radio journalism is expressed in the division of journalists into reporters, correspondents, commentators, news presenters, etc. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in a distinction between authors of radio documentaries and reporters. A radio station is an interesting example of an editorial board understood as a unit developing materials for broadcasting. However, what it develops is not limited to news or editorial programs, but also includes forms of an artistic character, novel creations, and audio forms. The intention of the author is to indicate the complexity of the work performed by teams of radio journalists as well as requirements that must be met in assembling a message using radio technology.

19

Zasadność okresowych ocen dziennikarzy telewizyjnych na przykładzie Telewizji Katowice

63%

Fudala-Barańska A.

Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi

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2016

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issue 5(112) "Zarządzanie w organizacjach funkcjonujących na rynku multimediów"

29-41

PL

Ocenianie jest jednym z najbardziej rozpowszechnionych działań w każdej organizacji. Pracownicy oceniają siebie i innych, są oceniani przez przełożonych, kierownictwo firmy, ale też i kolegów z zespołu. Oceny pojawiają się na wszystkich etapach funkcjonowania firmy: począwszy od ocen kandydatów do pracy, aż po pracowników zatrudnionych na wszystkich stanowiskach. Ocenom pracowniczym, bieżącym i okresowym, poddawani są również dziennikarze telewizyjni. W artykule pokazano metody oraz sposób prowadzenia okresowych ocen pracowniczych dziennikarzy telewizyjnych. Przeanalizowano zasadność takiego oceniania wobec faktu, że ponad dwie trzecie pracowników telewizyjnych stacji to współpracownicy niepodlegający okresowym ocenom pracowniczym.

EN

Appraisals are among the most common activities in any organization. Employees evaluate themselves and others. They are judged by their superiors, company management, and teammates. Appraisals take place at all levels of the company—ranging from assessments of job applicants all the way to workers already employed at all possible job positions. Running and periodic performance appraisals also encompass television journalists. This article examines the methods and ways of conducting periodic performance appraisals of television journalists. It also analyzes the legitimacy of such appraisals in light of the fact the over two–thirds of television staff consist of workers who are not subject to periodic performance appraisals.

20

Public and Social Interest in Journalistic Activity

63%

Ossowska-Salamonowicz D.

Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej

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2020

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vol. 3(24)

118-126

PL

Wolność prasy to jeden z najlepszych sposobów ujawniania i kształtowania opinii publicznej o ideach i postawach przywódców politycznych, osób publicznych czy ludzi pełniących funkcje publiczne. Wolność prasy to również możliwość prezentowania zjawisk nagannych, takich jak: korupcja, oszustwa, przestępstwa czy nepotyzm. Podejmowanie przez prasę tego rodzaju tematów może powodować u dziennikarza dylematy. Czyj interes powinien reprezentować przede wszystkim: interes społeczeństwa czy interes państwa? Co jest ważniejsze: prawo do prywatności czy prawo dostępu do informacji?

EN

Freedom of the press is one of the best ways of reflecting and shaping public opinion about the ideas and attitudes of political leaders, public figures or those entrusted with public functions. Freedom of the press is also an opportunity to depict reprehensible phenomena such as corruption, fraud, crime or nepotism. The press may be faced with types of subjects that may cause dilemmas for the journalist. Whose interest should above all be represented: the interest of the society or the state? What is more important: the right to privacy or the right of access to information?

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