Search results

1

Bielenie papierów zabytkowych Chloraminą T

100%

Sobucki W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1983

|

issue 3-4

219-223

EN

Basing on own studies a comparison has been made between the effect of bleaching base paper with chloraminę T in room temperature, in higher temperature (50°C) in methanol — water solution (1:1) with acetic acid (5 g/1) and citric acid (0.25 and 5 g/1) added. Changes in test paper (Whatman 3 paper) were studied, caused by the action of the above mentioned variants in the conditions ensuring the attainment of a similar effect of brightening. After treatments, the samples were subjected to an artificial ageing by their exposure to a quartz lamp and heating in temperature of 105°C. The evaluation of changes in properties of test paper has been made by an examination of whiteness, pH of water extract, copper no, breaking load, self-breaking and number of douhle bending. The following statements have been made in conclusion: 1. Changes in the paper base caused by solutions of chloraminę T in room temperature should be regarded as insignificant 2. Bleaching with solutions of chloraminę T in higher temperature seems to be the best form of accelerating the proces of paper bleaching 3. Bleaching with chloraminę T in acid medium may be employed only in exceptional cases and only when working with a strong base paper. Acetic acid seems to be better than citric acid as an acidifier 4. Alcohol — water solutions of chloraminę T have been found very useful in paper bleaching. Although the bleaching is then slower, still there is no bigger destructive effect on textiles.

2

Przyczynek do badań nad historią konserwacji papieru

100%

Wawrzeńczak A.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1974

|

issue 3

229-236

EN

The two examples of conservation of the sixteenth- century books printed tin Cracow's old printing works notorious of the high quality of their products have been presented by the author. The first of books, widely known as the so-called Leopolite’s Bible printed at the Szarffenbergers and constituting one of the most outstanding monuments of ancient printing art in Cracow was, in 1883, subjected to restoration by Władysław Wenda then an employee of the Old Records Archive, Warsaw who concentrated his efforts on reconstruction of the missing text parts and on restoration of the partly damaged woodcut illustrations. His work can be regarded as one of the most typical for the nineteenth-century approaches in restoring of old books. Though lacking suitable experience, which the lack found its reflection in quality of conservation carried out, Wenda — it should be emphasized — tried to restore its original forms to the defective copy. So, for instance, the missing frontispiece was replaced by him with a copy prepared by the use of homeographic technique invented in 1857 by Adam Piliński. Also the facsimile reproductions of the four text pages have been added by him. It deservaes to be stressed that Wenda being fully conscious of importance which his description of treatments carried out might have for the future researchers had bound it together with the original text. Hence, the above description can be treated ias one of the first conservator’s documentations.

3

Usuwanie grynszpanu z papieru

100%

Kehl J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1981

|

issue 1-2

98-99

EN

On old maps in verdigris painted places there occur now crumbling and falling-off stains difficult to remove with usual agents. Some ligands, forming soluble chelates in combination with copper, were examined. The examinations made allowed us to choose the bath in 1% water solution o f sulfosalicylic acid or 1% solution o f disodium EDTA salt to remove the stains.

4

Badanie skuteczności fungicydów przeciwko grzybom powodującym degradację papieru : część I : przegląd metodyki

100%

Rudniewski P., Ważny J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1997

|

issue 3

294-299

EN

The use of chemical agents against microorganisms causing damage to the paper of historical objects requires tests of their effectiveness. The evaluation of such effectiveness attaches essential importance to the selection of methods and the employment of objective criteria for the assessment of the outcome of studies. The authors conducted the review of methods used in examining the value of fungicides both on a natural base and in the case of artificial culture.

5

Laminacja papierów czerpanych

100%

Płochocki K.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1970

|

issue 2

115-118

EN

Under certain conditions the hand-made papers manufactured from rag fibres are exposed to attacks of micro-organisms thus suffering the degradation of cellulose content in fibres. Papers so contaminated are gradually loosing their original mechanical strength. * At the end of the 19th century a method has been found for strengthening of weakened papers by their lining with artificial parchment glued on by means of the starch glues. However, with the passing time artificial parchment is getting more and more brittle and looses its transparency whereas its removing from the weakened paper becomes very difficult and causes several considerable troubles. The weakened papers can also be laminated with silk chiffon or Japanese tissue paper, but here the faults common for the both methods of lamination consist in — difficulties to strip the linings from their beds in the case of need, advancing flavescence, loss of mechanical strength, and the susceptibility of starch glues to the action of micro- organisms and insects. All the above factors necessitate the considering of possibilities to apply other methods of lamination for hand-made papers. Method of lamination using acetylcellulose foil worked out by Barrow and its modifications applied successfully in several countries can be considered as proper one for lamination of machine-made papers, and in particular those containing groundwood. However, the hand-made papers change their texture apparently after processing of their surfaces. Lamination with the use of acetylcellulose foil partially solved in acetone appears to be a better method in application for old papers since it eliminates the need for high temperature and pressure but the acetylcellulose foil of high quality is required for this purpose. In the National Main Archiv of Old Record, Warsaw a method has been developed for lamination using the acetone solution of a c e ty lcellulose. The solution is rubbed on the paper and tissue paper by means of a painter’s brus/h enabling to laminate the paper on both sides or on one side only. However, the lamination on both sides is more labour-consuming operation and leads to the increased paper thickness but at the same time provides the higher mechanical strength. In the course of lamination by means of acetylcellulose acetone solution the toxic and highly inflammable vapours arise. Similar to the above method is lamination using the methylcellulose solution. The aqueous solution of methylcellulose is entirely odourless. The principle of lamination procedure is much the same as in the case of starch glue lamination with this sole exception that paper laminated with methylcellulose is much more resistant to the attacking microorganisms and at the same time shows considerable improvement of its mechanical strength.

6

Porównanie metod konserwacji na przykładzie dwóch obiektów w stanie destruktu

88%

Ważyńska E., Wołk-Jezierska W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1981

|

issue 3-4

184-188

EN

The subject of the communique is a comparison of two methods of conservation employed in the Workshop of the Conservation of Engravings and Old Books (attached to the State Enterprise for Monuments Protection) to reconstruct works of art which were in a very bad condition. One of the works is the print „The Map of the Sejneńska Diocese” by B. Gratowski, the property of the Museum of Revolutionary Movement at Białystok; the other — a wood Chiaroscuro engraving by A. Andreani „Christ before Pilat” found in the National Museum in Wroclaw. Despite added strengthenings in form of cloth and paper plying-ups, the paper of the objects displayed a marked decomposition of the fibre due to its excessive brittleness and poor adhesion to the plying-up as a result of a destructive action of microorganisms. In order to have the possibility to carry out conservation treatment on the destructed paper and also to succeed in its transfer onto a new plying-up, two variants of a protective face sizing were applied. In one case a traditional method and starch pastes were used to protect the facing and the plying-up; in the other case acetyl cellulose was used instead of a starch paste. The use of the same glue made it necessary to apply water solutions of alcohols to remove yellow discolorations. When treating with acetyl cellulose it was necessary to deacidify several times. Contrasting flues facilitated conservation procedure to a large extent. Conservation processes employed made it possible to select a less labour-consuming but equally effective method for the conservation of works of art which have a decayed groundwork.

7

Kleje stosowane do renowacji papieru

75%

Sobucki W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1997

|

issue 3

300-307

EN

The article contains a review of glues presently applied in workshops dealing with the conservation of objects with paper bases. The author discusses assorted properties, merits and faults; he also indicates the most important usage of particular glue substances. Considerable attention is devoted to natural glues, traditionally employed in work with paper, such as paste, and gluten glues: gelatin and leather glue, as well as parchment glue and others. The article mentions preparation for work, as well as the properties and application of cellulose derivatives: methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyllocellulose, and cellulose acetate. The article also lists synthetic glues.

8

Potrzeby w zakresie przechowywania zbiorów na podłożu papierowym i ich konserwacji na przykładzie Biblioteki Polskiej w Paryżu

75%

Łonicka H.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2002

|

issue 3-4

374-377

EN

The article is the outcome of the author’s stay at the Polish Library in Paris in 2000 for the purpose of examining collections of paper-based objects and the state of their preservation. The Library gathers works by Polish authors connected with France as well as those by artists originating from the French, English or Italian schools. The article discusses assorted factors affecting changes of the physical and chemical properties of paper. The rate of those transformations depends on external and internal factors. Further on, the author considered ways of minimalising the impact of those factors by means of suitable conditions of storing the collections. Another topic, alongside prophylaxis, was conservation intent upon restoring the “original appearance” of paper-based collections.

9

Laminacja czy dublaż : próba uściślenia pojęć

75%

Potocka A. D.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2000

|

issue 3

325-328

EN

The determination of a uniform terminology in conservation always encountered numerous obstacles. Different names, associated with various workshop and historical traditions, to mention lengthy debates concerning tinting or grounding, unfortunately lead to misunderstandings or at least a different interpretation of numerous phenomena. Whenever this issue concerns the individual reception of the state of the preservation of an object or its structure, there always exists a large margin of understanding. Difficulties emerge when this question pertains to conservation terms borrowed from other domains of science (physics, chemistry, material engineering, etc.), extremely frequently interpreted in assorted manners. This careless adaptation of certain terms results in a falsification of the meaning of a given world or the entire phenomenon. More, the conservators themselves define the same activity in different ways, depending on the context. It should be added that similar problems are tackled by conservators of works of art in many other countries. Hence the frequent initiatives of preparing terminological and thematic dictionaries, undertaken by the AIC in the U.S.A. and ICOM in Europe. Due to their nature and the character of damage, silk objects are conserved by specialists representing numerous domains — conservators of fabrics, canvas paintings and paper. Their cooperation is frequently indispensable, although we immediately encounter a different interpretation of identical activities, especially the reinforcement of the base. An analysis of the above example and a comparison of conservation and material terminology make it possible to distinguish certain fundamental concepts, such as lamination, gluing with laminates and duplication. The term lamination concerns deeply penetrating, irreversible operations or those difficult to remove, with the application of synthetic glues and multi-strata structures; gluing with laminates denotes non-invasion, reversible, transparent and one-sided reinforcement, similar to contact duplication using synthetic glues, while the term duplication signifies one-sided reversible reinforcement, with the employment of natural or synthetic means. All conservation consisting of the introduction and addition to a weakened monument of suitably selected means with a needle and thread should be described as the reinforcement of the object on a secondary, protective textile base.

10

Przenośny, miniaturowy aparat niskociśnieniowy do konserwacji malowideł

75%

Mitka W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1989

|

issue 1

69-72

11

Specyfika pracy i problemy konserwatorskie na przykładzie archiwaliów na podłożu papierowym pochodzących z Archiwum Państwowego w Katowicach

75%

Kwaśniewicz K., Skrzypczyk D.

Rocznik Muzeum "Górnośląski Park Etnograficzny w Chorzowie"

|

2015

|

vol. 3

|

issue 3

195-203

PL

Zgromadzone w archiwum materiały na przestrzeni wieków narażone były na oddziaływanie różnych niekorzystnych czynników zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych. Do najczęstszych uszkodzeń materiałów archiwalnych należą: zniszczenia mechaniczne, biologiczne, mikrobiologiczne, chemiczne oraz te spowodowane przez człowieka. Jeżeli stopień uszkodzeń jest poważny i uniemożliwia korzystanie i udostępnianie akt badaczom, wówczas konieczne jest podjęcie prac konserwatorskich. W Archiwum Państwowym w Katowicach znajdują się wyspecjalizowane pracownie konserwacji jednostkowej oraz masowej, które w odmienny sposób realizują zadania związane z ochroną zbiorów. Do pracowni konserwacji jednostkowej trafiają obiekty najcenniejsze i najstarsze wymagające dużego doświadczenia i specjalistycznej wiedzy konserwatora. Obiekty na podłożu papierowym lub pergaminowym przechodzą nieraz wielomiesięczny proces, w trakcie którego poddawane są takim zabiegom jak: oczyszczanie, kąpiele, uzupełnianie ubytków, prasowanie. Do Pracowni Masowego Odkwaszania Papieru, która utworzona została w 2007 roku w ramach WPR Kwaśny Papier, trafiają natomiast tylko luźne dokumenty XIX- i XX-wieczne, które wymagają odkwaszenia. W trakcie procesu, który odbywa się w środowisku wodnym, wprowadzana jest w papier rezerwa alkaliczna hamująca degradację akt.

EN

Gathered in the archive over the centuries materials were exposed to the impact of various harmful external and internal factors. The most common damages are mechanical, biological, microbiological and chemical ones and those caused by man. If the extent of the damage is serious and it is impossible to use the materials by researchers, it is necessary to undertake the restoration activities. The State Archives in Katowice has a special conservation workshops where in different ways all the tasks related to the protection of the collections are undertaken. The most valuable and the oldest objects that require a lot of experience, skills and knowledge of the conservator are made in the individual conservation workshops. Objects made of paper or parchment undergo a special conservation process which sometimes lasts for several months and include: cleaning, bathing, patching, ironing. In the Laboratory of Mass De-Acidification of Paper, which was established in 2007 as part of the long-term government program called “Kwaśny Papier” (Eng. Acid Paper), deals only with loose papers from the nineteenth and early twentieth century that require de-acidification. During the process, which takes place in an aqueous environment the alkaline reserve is put into the paper which stops the degradation of documents.

12

Konserwacja zabytków papierowych Działu Historii Muzeum w Raciborzu w latach 2010–2014

75%

Knura A.

Rocznik Muzeum "Górnośląski Park Etnograficzny w Chorzowie"

|

2015

|

vol. 3

|

issue 3

187-194

EN

Currently the Department of History of the Museum in Racibórz have custody over almost 9,000 exhibits, roughly half of them are paper items. Among them there are a large group of documents and magazines from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, when the quality of the raw materials used for printing was at a very low level. Many of them are made of acid paper which significantly decreases their durability. Care about their state of the exhibits’ preservation has become one of the most urgent tasks of the Department in recent times. In the years 2010–2014, 75 historic paper exhibits from the Department of History (documents, magazines, maps, old prints and other prints) were submitted to complete conservation. Some of the exhibits belonging to the said set have been presented in the following article. Those are for example: the old print of so-called Biblia Leopolity, the third edition of 1577, and a nineteenth-century map entitled: Brandenburgia. Szląsk i W. Ks. Poznańskie. On their examples, the author of the work discusses the most common problems that conservators encountered during their work.

PL

W Dziale Historii raciborskiego muzeum znajduje się aktualnie prawie 9000 zabytków, mniej więcej połowa z nich to obiekty papierowe. Wśród nich dużą grupę stanowią dokumenty i czasopisma z przełomu XIX i XX wieku, w których papier ma charakter kwaśny, obniżający jego trwałość. Dbałość o ich stan zachowania stała się jednym z najpilniejszych zadań Działu Historii w ostatnim czasie. W latach 2010-2014 przekazano do pełnej konserwacji 75 zabytków papierowych z Działu Historii (dokumenty, czasopisma, mapy, starodruki, druki okolicznościowe). Z tego zbioru przedstawione zostały przykładowe obiekty, m.in. starodruk, tzw. Biblia Leopolity, III wydanie z 1577 r., czy XIX-wieczna mapa Brandenburgia. Szląsk i W. Ks. Poznańskie. Na ich przykładach omówiono najczęściej spotykane problemy, z jakimi konserwatorzy zmagali się podczas swojej pracy.

13

PROBLEMATYKA OCHRONY ZBIORÓW Z XIX I XX W. O PODŁOŻU Z PAPIERU

63%

Sobucki W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2008

|

issue 3

65-74

EN

The nineteenth century witnessed profound transformations in the technology of paper production; consequently, paper lost its age-resistance and books, periodicals and documents from that period onwards represent, as a rule, an unsatisfactory state. A mass–scale deacidification - the only known way of limiting losses in collections from the two centuries - was inaugurated in Poland thanks to the Government 'Acid paper' Programme, realized in 2000-2008. Books and other prints are treated with the Bookkeeper method applied at the National Library in Warsaw and the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow, while sheet documents are treated with the Neschen method in the two above-mentioned libraries and in four archives: in Warsaw, Katowice, Gdynia and Milanówek near Warsaw. Furthermore, statistical research conducted as part of the programme established that in Poland at least 43 mln books and 200 kms of acts must be deacidified, which, on a national's calve, comprises about 94% of library and archive resources from the last two centuries. The optimistic aspect of the issue lies in the fact that the publication of books with non-acid paper was inaugurated in Poland at the end of the last century; this means that the number of library resources threatened with acid hydrolysis is not growing. The article also analyses studies relating to the state of preservation of nineteenth and twentieth-century collections with a paper base.

14

Aparat niskociśnieniowy - konstrukcja i zastosowanie

63%

Hacke B.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1989

|

issue 1

64-69

15

Papier japoński jako materiał w konserwacji dzieł sztuki

63%

Leszewska W. M.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1998

|

issue 3

266-272

EN

Handmade Japanese paper comprises material used in the conservation of works of art for the purposes of doubling, under-gluing, and the supplementation of gaps, as well as auxiliary work connected with the conservation not only of paper but also paintings and fabric. A list of basic information about washi can assist in the selection of suitable paper. The quality of paper is affected by properties of the fibres from which it is made. The process of production itself can exert considerable impact on the durability and features of Japanese paper. Paper traditionally produced in Japan possesses original names and characteristic. It is highly recommended to use paper tested in Western laboratories, although the information offered by the producer and own observations could be also helpful in determining quality.

16

Japońskie kleje polisacharydowe jako spoiwo w konserwacji zabytkowych tkanin jedwabnych oraz papieru

45%

Liszewska W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2002

|

issue 2

191-206

EN

The author discusses two Japanese polysaccharides from the viewpoint of their application as the doubling binder for paintings on silk and silken fabrics — the non-gluten wheat starch shofu and the seaweed glue funori. Detailed research concerned the quality of the wheat starch. Subsequently, the author compared the properties of the two polysaccharides. Following studies concerned the rheology, resistance and rigidity of the binder as well as the artificial aging of samples of silk fabric and Japanese paper containing the glues in question. The aging of both natural binders was conducted in a climatic chamber for 24 days in a temperature of 65°C and with a humidity of 55% RH, as well as by means of exposure to a xenon lamp for 240 hours. The results indicated the extremely stable optical properties of the funori glue and its positive impact upon the resistance of silk. Research conducted with the aid of SEM (electronic scanning microscope) indicates the way in which the glue spreads on the surface of the fabric.

Refine search results

Bielenie papierów zabytkowych Chloraminą T

Przyczynek do badań nad historią konserwacji papieru

Usuwanie grynszpanu z papieru

Badanie skuteczności fungicydów przeciwko grzybom powodującym degradację papieru : część I : przegląd metodyki

Laminacja papierów czerpanych

Porównanie metod konserwacji na przykładzie dwóch obiektów w stanie destruktu

Kleje stosowane do renowacji papieru

Potrzeby w zakresie przechowywania zbiorów na podłożu papierowym i ich konserwacji na przykładzie Biblioteki Polskiej w Paryżu

Laminacja czy dublaż : próba uściślenia pojęć

Przenośny, miniaturowy aparat niskociśnieniowy do konserwacji malowideł

Specyfika pracy i problemy konserwatorskie na przykładzie archiwaliów na podłożu papierowym pochodzących z Archiwum Państwowego w Katowicach

Konserwacja zabytków papierowych Działu Historii Muzeum w Raciborzu w latach 2010–2014

PROBLEMATYKA OCHRONY ZBIORÓW Z XIX I XX W. O PODŁOŻU Z PAPIERU

Aparat niskociśnieniowy - konstrukcja i zastosowanie

Papier japoński jako materiał w konserwacji dzieł sztuki

Japońskie kleje polisacharydowe jako spoiwo w konserwacji zabytkowych tkanin jedwabnych oraz papieru