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EN
The establishment of a suitable law on the protection of cultural property is a difficult and laborious undertaking. It is not surprising, therefore, that heretofore work on its successive projects and accompanying debates did not end with full success. Nonetheless, their results proved to be of use, since they mobilised the concentration of the conservation milieu, stimulated the activity of the authorities, and, predominantly, made it possible to formulate numerous problems calling for legal regulation. Upon this basis, the author considers a number of motifs which, in his opinion, are of particular importance for further w ork and discussions on the law. Some of his reflections concern the legislation technique alone, e. g. the division of issues requiring legal regulation into those qualified for statuary solutions and those which can be resolved by means of acts of a lower rank. Moreover, the au th o r postulates a combination of the crucial points of the statute with the resolutions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Further themes of the reflections refer to fundamental conceptual and terminological questions, whose definition will exert a decisive impact on the manner in which the law in question is to function. Within this range, the author places in the foreground a conceptual and terminological distinction of two autonomous albeit closely overlapping spheres, chosen from all the ventures serving the preservation of cultural heritage. They include legal-administrative efforts, which can be implemented solely by state bodies upon the basis of rights due exclusively to them, and a sphere of all other activities, whose realisation does n o t call for such privileges, but only for suitable p ro fessional qualifications. Furthermore, the author draws attention to the fact that heretofore studies and discussions ignored a number of essential details. By way of example, they did not introduce an extremely important entry p ro claiming that the protection of cultural heritage is of great significance for public interest. The article ends with a call for the continuation and expansion of w orks and debates on the future shape of the statute.
EN
The author draws attention to the particular significance of a thorough distinction of factors shaping the conditions that influence murals, prior to the setting up of conservation programmes concerning historical objects. Mentions is made of the necessity for extensive control of buildings decorated with polychromy, and their surrounding. The article places emphasis on the importance for the durability of the object of the awareness on the part of its administrators of the consequences of planned repair and installation undertakings. This pertains especially to control of the existing and newly introduced heating, sewage, thermal insulation, anti-dampness and drying systems as well as others, which exert a long range impact upon changes in the conditions of the surrounding of murals. The attention of conservators should be also attracted to all preparations introduced in the course of conservation and repair into brick constructions and wooden elements of edifices, as well as their subsequent assessment from the point of view of future effects for the polychromy. This task belongs to the duties of conservators of murals to a degree much larger than in cases of transferable objects. Finally, the author stresses the importance of those factors in the training of conservators since a superficial approach renders the effects of conservation short-term.
PL
Pismo Wojewódzkiego Konserwatora Zabytków o stanie zabytków sakralnych na terenie województwa bialskopodlaskiego zostało opracowane na potrzeby władz wyznaniowych. Politykę wyznaniową państwa realizowały nie tylko instytucje w tym celu powołane, ale również i inne jednostki administracyjne, pozornie niemające z tą problematyką nic wspólnego. Instytucje odpowiedzialne za ochronę dziedzictwa kulturowego politykę wyznaniową realizowały zarówno przez finansowanie remontów obiektów sakralnych ze środków budżetowych przeznaczonych na kulturę, jak i podejmowanie decyzji o wpisie lub skreśleniu z rejestru zabytków. Wydarzenia polityczne, które zaszły w Polsce na początku lat osiemdziesiątych XX wieku wpłynęły korzystnie na złagodzenie kursu politycznego wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego. Pozwoliło to Wojewódzkim Konserwatorom Zabytków na rozszerzanie opieki nad kolejnymi zabytkami sakralnymi. Większość nieruchomych obiektów sakralnych na terenie województwa bialskopodlaskiego została wpisana do rejestru zabytków w tym czasie. Relacje zachodzące pomiędzy działalnością konserwatorską a polityką wyznaniową ukazane w tym artykule wskazują wyraźnie na potrzebę przeprowadzenia szerszych badań nad tą problematyką.
EN
The document by the Regional Historic Preservation Officer on the condition of sacral monuments on the territory of the Biała Podlaska Province was prepared for the purposes of the religious authorities. The state's religious policy was implemented not only by institutions established for this purpose, but also by other administrative units, which seemed to have nothing in common with these issues. The institutions responsible for the protection of cultural heritage implemented religious policy through financing the renovation works of sacral objects from the budgetary funds designated for culture, and also through making decisions about entering or striking out particular items from the register of monuments. The political events which took place in Poland at the beginning of 1980s had influenced the weakening of the political relations between the state and the Roman Catholic Church. This enabled the Regional Historic Preservation Officers to take new sacral monuments into custody. The majority of the immovable sacral objects in the Biała Podlaska Province were entered into the register of monuments at that time. The relations between the preservation activities and the religious policy, depicted in this article, clearly indicate the need to conduct more in-depth research in this field.
EN
Enormous wartime devastation and losses suffered by the national cultural heritage produced the need to train a staff capable of embarking upon a competent salvage of all extant monuments. Despite obvious difficulties, a small group of specialists organised conservation academic studies in three centre: the Academies of Fine Arts in Warsaw and Krakow, and the Mikołaj Kopernik University in Toruń. Consequently, Polish monuments were entrusted to a highly classified staff and the process of conservation obtained a theoretical foundation based on scientific studies. These undertakings concentrated primarily on works of art since the devastation of the latter was regarded by society as most dramatic. This postwar trend is retained up to this day — the three academies still train conservators of works of art, and lack courses dealing with the conservation of non-art monuments (technology, ethnology, etc.) which are dealt with (chiefly in museums) by persons who win suitable knowledge via practical work. Such a state of things complicates the situation within the conservation milieu, and renders difficult the preparation of a legal foundation for the profession of a conservator. There exists an urgent need for the establishment of non-art conservation studies based on polytechnics and universities, the only which could ensure suitable scientific support. Apart from training a professional staff, the newly emergent centres could also contribute many new elements to existing conservation knowledge, in this manner elevating the general level of Polish conservation.
8
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Jerzy Frycz (1927-1985)

88%
9
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Juliusz Bursze 1928-1995

88%
PL
Artykuł przybliża problemy związane z finansowaniem ochrony zabytków w II Rzeczypospolitej w kontekście działalności urzędniczej na przykładzie ówczesnego województwa pomorskiego. Przedwojenni konserwatorzy działali w obrębie określonej struktury administracyjnej, w ramach której pełnili funkcję kierowników oddziałów sztuki urzędów wojewódzkich. Ponosili więc odpowiedzialność za przygotowanie i realizację preliminarzy budżetowych nie tylko spraw związanych z ochroną zabytków, ale też dotyczących współczesnej sztuki i kultury. Realizowanie właściwej polityki wobec zabytków było znacząco utrudnione przez niedostateczne finansowanie wynikające z uwarunkowań gospodarczo- politycznych odrodzonego państwa. Przyznawane przez władze centralne sumy były często kilkukrotnie niższe od planowanych, a ich wartość dodatkowo obniżała inflacja. Zapotrzebowanie na dotacje należało zgłaszać z rocznym wyprzedzeniem, a wypłata środków miała miejsce dopiero po skończeniu etapu prac i następowała z opóźnieniem. W tak trudnych warunkach organizacyjno-finansowych międzywojenni konserwatorzy nie tylko wykonywali swoje zadania z zakresu ochrony zabytków, ale też wspomagali władze w realizowaniu tzw. polityki narodowościowej oraz rozwijaniu kultury i sztuki w powierzanych im okręgach. Czynili to m.in. dzięki umiejętnemu wykorzystaniu mechanizmów finansowania.
EN
The article discusses the problems connected with financing the protection of monuments in the Second Republic of Poland in the context of official activity on the example of the then Pomeranian Voivodship. Pre-war conservators operated within a specific administrative structure within which they served as heads of Art Departments of Voivodship Offices. Therefore, they were responsible for the preparation and implementation of budget estimates not only for issues related to the protection of monuments, but also for those related to contemporary art and culture. The implementation of a proper policy related to monuments was significantly hampered by insufficient funding resulting from the economic and political conditions of the reborn state. The amounts granted by the central government were often several times lower than planned, and their value was further reduced by inflation. Applications for grants had to be submitted one year in advance and the disbursement of funds took place only after the completion of the work and was usually delayed. In such difficult organizational and financial conditions, interwar conservators not only performed their tasks in the field of monument protection, but also supported the authorities in the implementation of the so-called national policy and the development of culture and art in the regions entrusted to them. They performed these tasks also thanks to the skilful use of financing mechanisms.
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