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EN
Nowadays, in a time of wide access to technology, it is particularly important to prepare children and young people to function in the information society. Reading and media education, which as an interdisciplinary path was implemented in elementary education in 1999, was meant to serve this purpose. Its removal from the curriculum and the introduction of computer classes in its place changed the way of thinking about the role of the media in integrated education. In this article I am trying to show that this decision has had a negative effect on education in the field of children’s preparation for the critical and thoughtful usage of both traditional and modern media. The conclusions drawn from the core curriculum currently in force are compared to the results of research conducted among teachers and relating to their opinion about using the media in elementary education.
PL
W artykule podjęto rozważania teoretyczne, ale także analizy empiryczne – na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych wśród dzieci 5–6-letnich i uczniów edukacji wczesno-szkolnej – nad zagadnieniem trudnej sztuki obrazowania ruchu w rysunku. Analiza 1471 dziecięcych rysunków dowiodła, że badane dzieci na ogół tworzą rysunki, które charakteryzuje brak dynamiki (51,3%), czasem jednak podejmują próby zobrazowania ruchu – mniej lub bardziej udane. Najczęściej dzieci czynią to poprzez zgięcie kończyny, inne ułożenie ciała, czasem stosują zróżnicowanie wielkości sylwetek i sugerują ruch za pomocą strzałek, kresek lub smug podkreślających dynamizm sytuacji, rzadziej zaznaczają ujęcie profilowe i zgięcie korpusu ciała. Ba-dania wykazały również, że płeć jest czynnikiem różnicującym umiejętność obrazowania ruchu w rysunku – dziewczynki na ogół radziły sobie z tym lepiej niż chłopcy. Porównanie umiejętności ujmowania ruchu w rysunku współczesnych dzieci z wynikami badań innych badaczy wskazuje na to, że dzieci badane przez autorkę częściej niż te badane przez Stefana Szumana czy Bolesława Hornowskiego podejmowały w rysunkach próby przedstawiania ruchu. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, dla dziecka, które pragnie wypowiadać się poprzez rysunek, trudności techniczne nie stanowią poważnego problemu, znajduje ono bowiem sposoby, żeby zobrazować ruch.
EN
The article presents theoretical considerations and empirical analyses – based on research conducted among 5–6-year-old preschool children and pupils of early school education (Grades 1–3 of elementary school) – dealing with the issue of the difficult task of illustrating movement in drawings by children. The analysis of 1,471 drawings proved that the children examined by the author generally created pictures which lack in dynamics (51.3%). However, they occasionally undertake to express motion, their attempts being more or less successful. They most frequently do this through drawing bent limbs, different placements of the body, sometimes by application of different sizes of silhouettes or may suggest movement by the use of an arrow, stroke or a streak meant to stress the dynamic character of the situation. Among the less frequently used means, there are representation of a figure in profile, from the side and by bending the trunk of the human body. The research proved also that the sex is a factor which varies the skill of expressing movement in drawings – girls, generally, coping with the task with more expertise than boys. The comparison between the skill of illustrating motion typical of contemporary children and that reported on by researchers in the past points to the fact that today’s children more often undertake to illustrate motion in their pictures than their counterparts examined, for instance, by Stefan Szuman or Bolesław Hornowski about 90 and 50 years ago, respectively. On the whole, technical difficulties do not pose a serious problem for a child attempting self-expression through drawing – he or she will find a way to somehow illustrate movement.
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