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Przyczyny zaniku ceramiki toczonej na ziemiach polskich w początkach I w. po Chr. – zapomniany sekret, uwarunkowania społeczno-psychologiczne czy czynniki ekonomiczne?

100%

Bochnak T.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

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2013

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vol. LXIV

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issue 64

85-95

EN

Relics of pottery kilns identified in the La Tène Culture settlement at Nowa Cerekwia, Upper Silesia, and in sites of the Tyniec Group in the Krakow region document local production of wheel-made pottery. The youngest finds of wheel-made wares are contemporary with the horizon of A. 68 fibulae. The technology was not adopted by the people of the Przeworsk Culture and almost invariably the pottery produced after the decline of Celtic cultures is hand-built; finds of wheel-made pottery of Early Iron Age date are very rare. This phenomenon has been explained in various ways. Some researchers, e.g., J. Wielowiejski, J. Marciniak and A. Cofta-Broniewska, concluded that the secrets of production of wheel-made pottery had not been handed down to the people of Przeworsk Culture and that with the extinction of the last foci of Celtic culture the knowledge of more advanced pottery making technologies naturally died out too. Alternately, J. Rodzińska-Nowak has proposed that a key factor responsible for the non-adoption of the wheel-made pottery technology by the Przeworsk Culture people was the existence of a socio-psychological barrier, the result of the traditional division of tasks into male and female. While feasible, this reason cannot be recognized as crucial. The decline of wheel-made pottery on the threshold of our era is a more widespread phenomenon observed across the Central European Barbaricum, both the territory occupied by latenized cultures (Przeworsk Culture, Elbian Culture), by the acculturated communities descended from the people of the Tyniec Group, a culture unit with Celtic traditions, and also on the territory of the “state” of Maroboduus, under influence of Rome. The named communities were dissimilar in their culture outlook, having evolved from different traditions but in none of them the technology of wheel-made pottery was adopted for good. In the Gross Romstedt Culture and in the Plaňany Horizon there is evidence on local pottery production using the potter’s wheel but there too the technology relatively soon disappears from the archaeological record. It is unlikely that in these environments, dissimilar in their tradition and evolving under the impact from different cultures, the traditional division into female and male roles could have played a key role in the reception of innovative pottery making technologies. Presumably, on the threshold of the Roman Period in communities residing on the territory of Poland there was a well-defined division of tasks into male and female, but it was not treated very rigorously or, possibly, it did not extend to all the areas of life and some activities were carried out together by both sexes. I believe that the key factor decisive for the decline of wheel-made pottery on the territory of Poland at the onset of the Roman Period was economic. In this I share the view expressed by L. Gajewski, J. Wielowiejski and K. Godłowski who, nevertheless, nowhere specify how they understand this term. To function, production workshops, potteries also, depend on the existence of a distribution network for their wares and there is a need to break with the autarkic tradition. The craftsmen must be assured of having recipients of their wares and in conditions of isolation of individual human groups and the limited scale of exchange the demand for their products is limited. There is an observable difference here between a potter and a blacksmith, the latter is more mobile and, what is more, has a monopoly on his activity for, in contrast to mass pottery production which needs to compete against wares made by hand as part of household activities, the means for individual manufacture of metal objects are quite limited. Specialised pottery workshops on the territory of Poland became viable only when exchange between human groups became sufficiently frequent and intensive for the cost of transport of pottery to decrease so that the ratio of the price of the vessels offered to their value (not necessarily utilitarian only) was recognized as favourable. Specialised pottery making could not function without a developed distribution network; only when the necessary level of social and economic development had been reached did it become profitable to introduce pottery as an object of exchange.

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Czy rzeczywiście szata nie zdobi człowieka? Przejawy mody celtyckiej w elementach stroju kobiecego na ziemiach polskich w I w. p.n.e.

80%

Stopczyk A.

Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

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2014

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issue 4

552-556

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy jest omówienie wybranych zabytków archeologicznych stanowiących ozdoby i elementy stroju kobiecego z terenów Polski w I w. p.n.e., które stylistycznie nawiązują do zabytków kultury lateńskiej. Rozpatrywane ozdoby i elementy stroju pochodzą z grobów kobiecych odnotowanych na stanowiskach kultur przeworskiej i oksywskiej. W niniejszej pracy podjęta została próba interpretacji analizowanych zabytków oraz zobrazowano kontekst ich występowania. Rozważania zawarte w artykule są przyczynkiem do badań nad znaczeniem złożonych oddziaływań kultury lateńskiej na ziemiach polskich w młodszym okresie przedrzymskim.

EN

The aim of the article is to present and discuss the La Tène culture influences on the women’s dress accessories and jewellery in the 1st. century BC in Poland. The presented women’s dress accessories and jewelry comes from the women’s graves of the Przeworsk - and Oksywie culures. In the synthesis it will be possible to make some interpretations about significance of selected archaeological materials, especially in the context of local cultures. The outcome of the research will shed light on the so called latinisation of the Polish territories.

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Od epoki brązu po okres wędrówek ludów – zabytki ze stanowiska 8 w Zakrzowie, gm. Niepołomice

71%

Fraś J. M., Kolebuk E., Rąpała J., Matyda-Legutko R.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

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2019

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vol. 33

166-237

EN

The article constitutes a further part of the study of the results of excavations carried out by the Kraków Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka (Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka–MŻKW) at the multicultural archaeological site No. 8 in Zakrzów, Niepołomice township (AZP 103-58/24). The paper consists of two parts. The first analyses a series of fragments of the pottery of the Mierzanowice culture and the Lusatian culture from the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The second part of the article presents artefacts from the La Tène period, the younger phase of the pre-Roman period, the period of Roman influence, and the Migration Period. The materials presented in both parts are loose artefacts, no features related to the abovementioned periods were recorded during the work. The reported series of finds is small in relation to the larger sites located in the vicinity of Zakrzów site 8, but may complement the information obtained from these.

PL

Artykuł stanowi dalszą część opracowania wyników badań wykopaliskowych prowadzonych przez Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka w Wieliczce (MŻKW) na wielokulturowym stanowisku archeologicznym nr 8 w Zakrzowie, gm. Niepołomice (AZP 103-58/24). Praca składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej poddano analizie serię fragmentów ceramiki kultury mierzanowickiej oraz kultury łużyckiej z epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza. W drugiej części artykułu opisano zabytki pochodzące z okresu lateńskiego, młodszej fazy okresu przedrzymskiego, okresu wpływów rzymskich oraz okresu wędrówek ludów. Materiały przedstawione w obydwu częściach stanowią zabytki luźne, w trakcie prac nie odnotowano obiektów nieruchomych związanych z wyżej wymienionymi okresami. Opracowana seria znalezisk jest niewielka w stosunku do większych stanowisk znajdujących się w okolicy Zakrzowa st. 8, jednak może stanowić uzupełnienie do pozyskanych z nich informacji.

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1 Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

1 Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

1 Wiadomości Archeologiczne

1 Bochnak T.

1 Fraś J. M.

1 Kolebuk E.

1 Matyda-Legutko R.

1 Rąpała J.

1 Stopczyk A.

1 2019

1 2014

1 2013

Przyczyny zaniku ceramiki toczonej na ziemiach polskich w początkach I w. po Chr. – zapomniany sekret, uwarunkowania społeczno-psychologiczne czy czynniki ekonomiczne?

Czy rzeczywiście szata nie zdobi człowieka? Przejawy mody celtyckiej w elementach stroju kobiecego na ziemiach polskich w I w. p.n.e.

Od epoki brązu po okres wędrówek ludów – zabytki ze stanowiska 8 w Zakrzowie, gm. Niepołomice