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Labour mobility and international trade

100%
Guo Y.
Catallaxy
|
2023
|
vol. 8
|
issue 1
7-20
EN
Motivation: The academic debate on whether the relationship between factor mobility and international trade is one of complementarity or substitution is inconclusive. In general, the relationship between the two can vary depending on the specific research methodology and the object of study. Moreover, there are fewer empirical analyses with China and the European Union as subjects, so studying the relationship between labour mobility and trade in the case of China and Europe is worthwhile. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to determine, through empirical analysis, the relationship between labour mobility in the form of dispatched labour and bilateral trade between China and the European Union in the period of 2005-2021. Materials and methods: This paper utilises quantitative analysis to investigate the relationship between labour movements and trade (imports and exports) based on data from 2005 to 2021, primarily through co-integration analysis and Granger causality testing. Results: The study found that there is a substitution relationship between the number of dispatched labour from China and the trade in goods between China and the European Union in the research period. Additionally, Granger causality tests show that China's dispatched labour to the EU is the Granger cause of China-EU export trade, and vice versa. However, China's dispatched labour to the EU is not a Granger cause of China-EU import trade.
2
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What to look for to increase work added value? Remote work and perceived productivity: A study in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic

88%
Barczyk R., Spychała J., Urbanowicz Z., Ziomek A.
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
|
2022
|
vol. 6
|
issue 1
46-71
EN
In the era of digitisation, the role of remote work is growing. The digitisation of work has brought new opportunities and threats to the economic function of labour. This function, pointing to the fundamental role of employment, which is to provide added value for the employer and remuneration for the employee, has acquired a new meaning. Therefore, in the era of digitisation, it seems justified to assess the impact of remote work on labour productivity (in terms of organizational factors, cost factors and work quality). The subject of the study is to analyse the productivity factors of remote work (based on work performed under permanent and short-term employment, including various work models and irregular work patterns). The main objective of the research is to identify factors determining perceived productivity of individual workers who perform their job remotely and to measure the importance of factors determining labour productivity. The methodology used in the study is based on the analysis of the literature and conclusions drawn from a survey conducted in Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary (a total sample of 450 units). Logistic regression and the k-means method were used in the statistical analysis. They allow measuring the relationship between the strength of a stimulus represented by the percentage of cases showing a specific response on how productivity is verified by the stimulus. Moreover, they bring the possibility to group factors in clusters representing workers with different sets of productivity factors. Results show that across the study sample, high stress, low employee control, and limited communication with managers minimise the growth of remote work productivity, since social relationships at work are correlated with productivity. Nonetheless, work organisation traits such as proper work environment, travel cost savings, technical assistance access, and a fast Internet connection remain positively related to remote work productivity.
3

Development of Plurilingual Competencies through Vocationally Oriented Language Learning in Sweden

75%
Movchan L.
Comparative Professional Pedagogy
|
2014
|
vol. 4
|
issue 3
44-50
EN
The article tackles the problem of developing plurilingual competencies through vocationally oriented foreign language in Sweden. The author analyses the pedagogical conditions of realization of plurilingual education at upper-secondary schools, vocational and higher education establishments and the aspects of teacher education for this purpose. The vocational foreign language education in Sweden is determined by the country’s multilingual policy and English is given much priority in many societal domains including educational. English and other foreign languages are used as the medium of instruction while teaching the content of other subjects. At the higher educational level students are encouraged to write research papers in English. Participation of Sweden in numerous multilingual initiatives of the Council of Europe providing the opportunities for both teachers and learners of vocational and higher educational institutions with the opportunities of the cross-border cooperation in this sphere and international mobility. Still, there is a problem of teacher’s training for teaching foreign languages in professional spheres. Using skills as a framework of foreign languages for specific purposes teachers are provided with the necessary knowledge and tools to deal with their own students’ specializations.
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