Search results - CEJSH

1

Linguistic Contact and the Complementation of Regular Action Nominals in Irish

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Bloch-Trojnar M.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2016

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vol. 5

17-30

EN

The paper discusses the range of complementation patterns available to regular action nominalizations in Irish and raises the issue of possible interference of English. Cross-linguistically, verbal nominalizations exhibit the process–result dichotomy, which is closely connected with the co-occurrence of NP and PP modifiers corresponding to event participants. In syntax-oriented accounts, such as Grimshaw (1990), Alexiadou (2001), Alexiadou and Grimshaw (2008), a distinction is made between Complex Event Nominals with an associated argument structure and Simple Event or Result Nominals which lack it. The basis for this classification is, among others, their ability to take obligatory arguments, license event-related PPs and the ability to pluralize. Doyle formulates a hypothesis that there may be some constraint in Irish “to the effect that nominalizations do not inherit the subcategorization frames of their verbal bases” (Doyle 2002: 101). In Grimshaw’s terms, this would amount to there being no Complex Event Nominals in Irish. This statement is argued to be too strong. However, it has to be conceded that verbal nominals characterized by a greater affinity to their source verbs are hard to come by, though not impossible, in Traditional Late Modern Irish and that they are more readily attested in Non-Traditional Late Modern Irish, i.e. in a variety influenced by English and L2 speakers of Irish (Ó Béarra 2007)

2

Old Turkic sü ‘army’ – its form, meaning and etymology

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Majtczak T.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

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2012

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vol. 17

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issue 2

105-122

EN

The article investigates some aspects of the Old Turkic word sü. A sense not recorded in the standard dictionaries is established on the basis of a philological analysis of the available texts. The phonetic shape of sü is defended against some claims proposing a different vocalic or consonantal part of it. And finally, a derivation of this word from a Chinese source is questioned as not satisfactorily proved

3

Norber Cyffer & Georg Ziegelmeyer (eds.), When Languages Meet. Language Contact and Change in West Africa, “Topics in African Studies” 13, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2009, 160 pp.

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Pawlak N.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2010

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issue 44

115-118

EN

A review of a book by Norber Cyffer & Georg Ziegelmeyer (eds.) "When Languages Meet. Language Contact and Change in West Africa".

4

Einige Bemerkungen zur deutschen Sprache in Österreich

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Pohl H.-D.

Germanica Wratislaviensia

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2014

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vol. 139

259 - 274

XX

German is a pluricentric language. Austrian German is one of the national varieties of Standard German. Distinctions in the vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms and in legal, administrative and economic terms. Austrian German is the Standard German language in Austria and it is the national standard variety of the German language spoken in Austria and in South Tyrol (Italy). The standardized form of Austrian German for official texts and schools is defined by the Österreichisches Wörterbuch, published under the authority of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture. This dictionary provides grammar and spelling rules defining the official language. In addition to this standard variety, in everyday life many Austrians speak one of the Upper German dialects.

5

Ungarisch Zwischen Intensivem Kontakt Und Puristischer Gegenwehr

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Hetzer A.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

111-125

EN

Hungarians have lived in close contact with High German speaking people since over one thousand years. However, linguistic impact from Hungarian to literary German is rather pure; there is but a couple of lexical exotisms, e.g. Puszta, Palatschinken (a kind of pancakes). On the other hand, the Hungarian language underwent numerous phases of German influence, mostly lexical borrowings. At the beginning, during the middle ages, words like polgár ‘citizen’ (High German Bürger) or pór ‘peasant’ (Upper German Paur) enriched the Hungarian lexicon, but later on, after the Ottoman conquest of Central Hungary, borrowings from German turned out to endanger the Hungarian national identity. As a result, from the end of the 18th century on, language reformers strove to return to their roots either by substituting German lexical items by “native” words (e.g. paraszt instead of pór, but the native stock is often of Slavic origin, in this case *prost). Or totally new words were shaped for new concepts (e.g. gép ‘machine, engine’, which in fact is a truncated root from German Göpel ‘whim’). However, in spite of all efforts to eliminate Germanisms, the bulk of neologisms was shaped as calques after Western (German, Latin, French) patterns, e.g. vas-út ‘railway’ (Eisenbahn), munka-adó ‘employer’ (Arbeitgeber), teher-gép-kocsi ‘lorry, truck’ (Lastkraftwagen), idegen-forgalom ‘tourism’ (Fremdenverkehr) autó-pálya ‘highway’ (Autobahn), vendég-munkás ‘foreign worker’ (Gastarbeiter). Thus, the inner form of Hungarian words corresponds more or less to their German counterparts, which is facilitated by similar or identical devices of word formation. On the other hand, in conversational Hungarian as well as in slang there remains a lot of Germanisms, slightly adapted by native suffixes, e.g. gurt-ni ‘safety belt’ (Gurt), and even verbs like ejnstejg-olni ‘to enter, to board’ (einsteigen). The article aims at finding out traces of German impact in Hungarian. In view of strong structural contrasts between Germanic and Finno-Ugrian languages, mostly the lexicon is scrutinized.

6

Tocharians Who They Were, Where They Came From And Where They Lived

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Blažek V., Schwarz M.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

47-74

EN

In 2008 one century will be passed after the recognition of inhabitants of Tang’s Chinese Turkestan as speakers of until that time unknown original branch of Indo-European languages. So the eastern border of the Indo-European pre-colonial space passed even the 90th meridian eastwards from Greenwich (to be exact, in the same time also Indo-Iranian peoples overpassed this line in the area of contemporary Bangladesh and the Indian confederative state of Assam). Tocharians kept their Indo-European identity not only by their long trans-continental drift through Eurasia, but still some thousands years after their arrival to the Chinese border. Interesting is that they didn’t yield Chinese cultural and linguistic assimilation; on the contrary, the ancestors of Tocharians brought to the early Chinese civilization achievements from field of technology (war chariot), food (honey), knowledge of some exotic animals (lion) and religion (especially buddhism). Situation of the 9th (or 10th?) century, when the Tocharians became to disappear from the history of Central Asia, remains in darkness of informational vacuum. The only thing that we certainly know is that they didn’t yield sinization, but vanished away in expansion of the Turkic nations, represented in this area by Old Uyghurs.

7

El léxico de origen hebreo en el judeoespañol contemporáneo

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Pawłowska M.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2017

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vol. 16

111-129

EN

The presence of a visible Hebrew component is one of the defining traits of the so-called “Jewish languages”. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to determine the scope of use of Hebrew-derived lexicon in contemporary Judeo-Spanish in its written variant. Our study will be based on the Sephardic press published mainly in Turkey and Israel.

8

O „cudownych formacjach”, czyli rzecz o językach kreolskich

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Hlibowicka-Węglarz B.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2018

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issue 25

21-36

EN

Creole languages are being formed as a result of language contact in multicultural and multilingual societies. Why is it that some circumstances are advantageous for their formation while others do not positively influence their formation? Which circumstances are crucial in order for a creole language to be formed? What does the entire process look like? Is the formation of a creole language a universal phenomenon or does it depend on the era and the place? Which creole languages are the most common in the world? Where do they come from? Do they have any characteristic features? These are the key questions that this paper attempts to answer.

9

Noch einmal zur Herkunft von serbokroatisch čȇrga ~ čerga ‘(kleines) Zelt, Teppich etc.

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Knüppel M.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

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2011

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vol. 16

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issue 1

17-22

EN

The present paper investigates the possible origins of SCR. čȇrga ~ čerga ‘(small) tent, carpet etc.’, Bulg. čérga ‘(patterned) carpet, long narrow carpet (with fringes), etc.’ and related forms in Slavonic and Turkic, as well as in Hungarian, Romanian and Albanian. The starting point is an entry in K.H. Menges’ posthumous Etymologisches Wörterbuch der türkischen und anderen orientalischen Elemente im Serbokroatischen. The forms are derived here from Bulg.-Tksh. čärgäg ~ čärgä.

10

The Hungarian and Slavonic Background of Bashkir tyraž ‘wasp’

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Németh M.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

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2011

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vol. 16

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issue 1

93-101

EN

This article offers a critique of Arpad Berta’s paper (2001) in which the author contends that the Bsk. tyraź word for ‘wasp’ originated (via the Volga Bolgharian) from the Hung. darazs id. The present author attempts to point out the weak points in this interpretation, and proposes, instead, the PSlav. *draźs as the source of the Hungarian and the Bashkir words for ‘wasp’. Thus, the article augments our knowledge of the possible Slavonic origin of the Hungarian and Bashkir words, and provides further details in support of the etymology presented by András Zoltán (2010; 2011).

11

Lubotsky’s and Beekes’ laws, PIE (H)r-, (H)i(V)-, *a and some other laryngeal matters

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Werner H.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

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2011

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vol. 16

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issue 1

151-187

EN

A recent bimoraic analysis of the properties of (late) PIE laryngeals supports Rix’s theory of PIE CRHC (with implications for CRHV) in Greek and Beekes’ law of laryngeal vocalization following initial resonant. Beekes’ difficulties involving PIE *r are eliminated by demonstrating that Latin and Vedic, unlike Hittite, Greek and Armenian, always distinguish between PIE *rHC- and PIE *HrHC-. Lubotsky’s partly related law of laryngeal loss in Indo-Iranian is found to be supported by twelve (partly amended) etymologies out of Lubotsky’s original fourteen plus one new one. Alternatives are essayed for etymologies containing PIE *a proposed in refutation of these laws. Accentually conditioned voicing by *h3 is further promoted.

12

Abdourahmane Diallo, Language Contact in Guinea. The case of Pular and Mande Varieties (Topics in Interdisciplinary African Studies, Volume 36). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2014, 422 pp.

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Pawlak N.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2016

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issue 50

166-170

EN

A review of a book by Abdourahmane Diallo "Language Contact in Guinea. The case of Pular and Mande Varieties (Topics in Interdisciplinary African Studies".

13

Frisian as an Endangered Language: An Overview

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Buczek K.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2019

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vol. 8

41-50

EN

The main goal of the paper is to answer the questions whether Frisian can be referred to as an endangered language and if it managed to survive the constant influence of the surrounding larger cultures and languages. The first point to be analyzed is the geographic distribution of Frisian. The second issue to be considered is the historical and present cultural and social status of the Frisian language. The third matter to be analysed is the lexical variety of Frisian language and its complexity, which made its survival possible. The article takes the diachronic perspective and expounds upon all the mentioned factors and their role in the preservation of Frisian until today. The paper presents an analysis of Frisian along Fishman’s Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS), its extended and modified version offered by Lewis and Simons (EGIDS) and the UNESCO’s ‘Language Vitality and Endangerment framework’ (LVE) guidelines (2003).

14

Wpływ polszczyzny na wariantywność morfosyntaktyczną w łemkowszczyźnie – forma przypadkowa rzeczownika w funkcji orzecznika

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Zeller J. P.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2017

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issue 1 (19) W kręgu badań językoznawczych

117-127

EN

The article presents analyses of the form of the noun used as a predicate in the spoken Eastern Slavonic language, the language of the Lemkos, which has been in contact with the Polish language. While in Eastern Slavonic languages, both Instrumental and Locative can be used in such a function, in the Polish language it is restricted to the Instrumental. In the Lemkos’ language, the two variants are possible: both Instrumental and Locative can be used, depending on the type of feature (constant or changeable) that the predicate expresses. However, among the younger generation it is the Instrumental that dominates, which could be caused by the influence of the Polish language.

15

German in Samoa: Historical traces of a colonial variety

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Stolberg D.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2013

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vol. 49

321-353

EN

During the brief era of German colonialism in the Pacific (1884-1914), German was in contact with a large number of languages, autochthonous as well as colonial ones. This setting led to language contact in which German influenced and was influenced by various languages. In 1900, Western Samoa came under German colonial rule. The German language held a certain prestige there which is mirrored by the numbers of voluntary Samoan learners of German. On the other hand, the preferred use of English, rather than German, by native speakers of German was frequently noted. This paper examines linguistic and metalinguistic data that suggest the historical existence of (the precursor of) a colonial variety of German as spoken in Samoa. This variety seems to have been marked mainly by lexical borrowing from English and Samoan and was, because of these borrowings, not fully comprehensible to Germans who had never encountered the variety or the colonial setting in Samoa. It is discussed whether this variety can be considered a separate variety of German on linguistic grounds.

16

Польский переселенческий говор в Респ ублике Хакасия и в Красноярском Крае РФ

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Егоров И. М.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2016

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issue 73/1

45-59

PL

The article deals with the essential aspects of the phonetic and, primarily, grammatical system of the Polish immigrant dialect spoken in two villages in Western Siberia: Znamenka (Bogradsky District of the Republic of Khakassia) and Alexandrovka (Krasnoturansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai). The dialect appeared in the Yeniseysk Governorate of the Russian Empire at the end of 1890s as a result of Polish rural migration from Volhynia to Siberia. Before that, the ancestors of those settlers had moved to Volhynia from Masuria. The examined dialect shows relatively good preservation of its original system. At the same time, it has been strongly influenced by Russian, as the dominant language of its surroundings. The main effect of this intensive contact is the further development of trends that had taken place in the original dialect system, which have been supported by the Russian language.

17

Joachim Crass, Ronny Meyer (eds), Language Contact and Language Change in Ethiopia, "Topics in African Studies" 14, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2009, 120 pp.

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Łykowska L.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2010

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issue 44

126-129

EN

A review of a book by Joachim Crass, Ronny Meyer (eds) "Language Contact and Language Change in Ethiopia".

18

Slavic *edī̆n- ‘one’ and Winter’s law

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Woodhouse R.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

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2012

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vol. 17

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issue 3

151-178

EN

Three approaches to the etymology of Slavic * - are developed under two complementary assumptions about the age of the forms reconstructed with short second syllable. These three approaches are tested to determine which best yields the spread of attested accentual and other forms listed in representative sources. Derivations containing the PIE neuter deictic *hed as first component are found to be the most fruitful if it is assumed that anlaut laryngeals remained in Slavic until the completion of both Winter’s law and the subsequent loss by dissimilation of one or more laryngeal reflexes, including the laryngeal component of PIE *d, in this compound word, all these reflexes having merged by this time in some kind of glottal constriction. Comments are also offered on the etymologies of Slavic * (ъ)và and Lith. võs.

19

Grób, Grab, Grave, Sepolchro, Tombeau, Tumba: Etymologische Und Semantische Bemerkungen Über Europas Sprachenvielfalt

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Viereck W.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

188-196

EN

The Atlas Linguarum Europae consists of motivational and onomasiological maps. The notions presented on the latter can be interpreted etymologically as well as semantically. I dealt with two such notions in the recent past, namely with workman (VIERECK 2004) and with cemetery (VIERECK 2006). The notion to be discussed here is grave. All these three notions will not be published within the frame of the European Linguistic Atlas. In the historico-comparative field of study the degree of linguistic abstraction is quite important. As a reconstructed underlying form is a better common denominator for a group of languages than an actual standard form found in one of the languages of the group, I start with Indo-Germanic/Indo-European roots and describe into which modern linguistic forms they developed. The semantic aspect is, of course, also taken into account as are language contact phenomena. Non-Indo-Germanic languages play a less important role in Europe. They are dealt with in a less comprehensive way. In the second part the languages are grouped together according to semantic criteria, but some morphological observations are also made.

20

Irena Maryniakowa, Dorota K. Rembiszewska, Janusz Siatkowski, Różnojęzyczne słownictwo gwarowe Podlasia, Suwalszczyzny i północno-wschodniego Mazowsza, Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki PAN, 2014, 476 ss.

100%

Głuszkowski M.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2015

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vol. 39

EN

Review The monograph Różnojęzyczne słownictwo gwarowe Podlasia, Suwalszczyzny i północno-wschodniego Mazowsza is a result of an innovative, holistic approach in lexicography. The authors are not interested in separate languages, but in a specified linguistic area as a whole. The contact of Polish, Lithuanian and Eastern-Slavonic dialects in North East Poland lasts several centuries and it is impossible to set the borders between these codes. Thus, the holistic approach is the best theoretical solution in question. Recenzja Opracowanie Różnojęzyczne słownictwo gwarowe Podlasia, Suwalszczyzny i północno-wschodniego Mazowsza jest efektem nowatorskiego, kompleksowego podejścia badawczego w leksykografii. Przedmiotem badań nie są poszczególne systemy językowe, lecz pewien obszar językowy jako całość. Wielowiekowy kontakt gwar polskich, wschodniosłowiańskich i litewskich na terenach północno-wschodniej Polski uniemożliwia jednoznaczne określenie ich granic, w związku z czym ujęcie holistyczne jest ze wszech miar uzasadnione.

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