The main object of this article is to present the history of the establishing legal regulations in Poland concerning additional place names and other official signs in the languages of national minorities. This process has been always very difficult, because as it teaches the experience of many European countries, it affects issues related the national identity, the role of the national language in the stateand the tradition of recognizing linguistic diversity in a given country. In the article, I will try to show that the introduction of such regulations in Poland has been with the one hand an important, perhaps even historical, change in the functioning of the Polish society and administration which consisted of official admission of other languages into the public sphere thus violating the dominant tradition of Polish language dominance in the country. From the other hand, the presence of a minority place-names indicates a change in the way in which minority groups publicly present their ethnic identities. It takes place not only through maintaining national cultures and learning the mother tongue but also through increased visual presence in the public sphere.
The article deals with the problems of formation and implementation of the state language policy of Ukraine in the field of education. It analyzes historical and socio-political factors causing language deformations in Ukrainian society as well as the evolution of the legal framework of the state language policy. Authors present contemporary situation of teaching languages of national minorities showing various approaches to its effectiveness and impact on bilateral international relations considering changes in quantitative indicators in the education system of Ukraine before the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and parts of the Donetsk and Lugansk regions. The article analyzes legislative acts of Ukraine on strengthening the status of Ukrainian as the state language, adopted on the eve of the 2019 Presidential election and problems of studying foreign languages in Ukraine, implementing the recommendations of the EU institutions concerning the development of linguistic competence of citizens and increasing the range of foreign languages that should be studied in the education system.
RU
Статья посвящена проблемам формирования и реализации государственной языковой политики Украины в области образования. Проанализированы исторические и социально-политические факторы, повлиявшие на языковую деформацию в украинском обществе, представлена эволюция законодательных норм в области государственной языковой политики. Исследовано современное состояние в области обучения на языках национальных меньшинств, представлены различные точки зрения о его эффективности и влиянии на двусторонние международные отношения. Показаны качественные изменения в системе образования Украины накануне аннексии Автономной Республики Крым и части Донецкой и Луганской областей, проанализировано принятое накануне президентских выборов 2019 г. законодательство Украины об укреплении статуса украинского языка как государственного. Исследованы вопросы, связанные с изучением иностранных языков в Украине в контексте имплементации рекомендаций институций ЕС в части развития языковых компетентностей граждан и увеличения количества языков, которые должны изучаться в системе образования.
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