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EN
The paper is a review of more important Polish works on a language mistake, in a broad sense of the term. These polemical works are part of a discussion of the definition of a language mistake and try to identify the most appropriate term (terminological polemic) in order to determine it as well as to list its types and causes. The problem of a language mistake has been discussed and examined for a long time. For over thirty years, various authors have been explaining the sources of language mistakes. However, these researchers have been unanimous in their attitude towards the fact that this phenomenon is interdisciplinary and that it goes beyond the linguistics itself. These mistakes have also been examined in psychology (e. g. Freudian mistakes); from these mistakes much information on human beings has been drawn. It is necessary to distinguish between a mistake which is made in one's mother tongue and the one made by a foreigner in a foreign language. Thus, there are different norms to be taken into account: a different norm is applied for a native user of a language and for a person who is at a certain stage of learning a foreign language (a glottodidactic norm, a glottodidactic mistake). Moreover, it seems indispensable that these mistakes should be taken advantage of in the process of teaching since they may hold the clue to the efficient working both for the teacher and for the student. Therefore, these mistakes do not result from a lack of willingness to learn only. They are necessary as they seem to be the element of skills practice. One that does not practice (does not make mistakes), will acquire no skills.
PL
Autorka artykułu proponuje, by mianem polonistycznej lapsologii glottodydaktycznej określić dyscyplinę naukową zajmującą się badaniami nad różnego rodzaju błędami pojawiającymi się w procesie uczenia się – nauczania języka obcego. Błędy glottodydaktyczne, na których koncentruje się ta dyscyplina, mogą być popełniane zarówno przez uczących się, jak i nauczycieli w każdej fazie procesu edukacyjnego. W pierwszej części artykułu autorka przedstawia dzieje polonistycznych badań lapsologicznych, wykorzystując jako materiał źródłowy zawartość poszczególnych tomów czasopisma „Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców”, publikowanych w latach 1987–2014 (od tomu 0 do 21). W części II omawia treść najnowszego 22 tomu czasopisma zatytułowanego "Błąd glottodydaktyczny", zwracając uwagę na najnowsze trendy w zdefiniowanej wcześniej dyscyplinie.
EN
The author postulates to use the term lapsology of Polish as a foreign language (LPFL) to refer to the research on any type of errors which appear in the process of learning and teaching Polish as a foreign language. In her opinion, this discipline examines ‘glottodidactic errors’ which can be made not only by the learners of Polish as a foreign language but also by the teachers, at every stage of the educational process. In the first part of the article, the author presents the history of LPFL. The presentation is based on the content analysis of articles published between 1987–2014 in ‘Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców’ [‘Studies in the Teaching Polish to Foreigners’]. In the second part of the article, the author discusses the content of the current 22nd volume of this periodical, entitled "Glottodidactic Error". In the discussion, she focuses especially on the newest trends in LPFL.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza sposobów badania błędów popełnianych przez uczących się języków obcych. Przegląd koncepcji umieszczonych w artykule jest oparty na pracach glottodydaktyków amerykańskich i przedstawia zarazem główne szkoły glottodydaktyki amerykańskiej – behawioryzm, kognitywizm oraz tzw. szkołę dialogiczną. Autor analizuje zarówno koncepcje pojęcia błędu w każdej ze szkół, jak i sposoby ich badania.
EN
The aim of the paper is to investigate the methods of error analysis in second language acquisition. The review of approaches to error analysis is based on the works of American researchers and at the same time is a short presentation of main schools of second language acquisition in the United States. The author discusses behaviorism, cognitivism, and the dialogical school. He takes into consideration not only the concept of error, but also the methods of error analysis.
EN
The paper is a review of more important phonetic errors of Belarusians who learn Polish language both in Poland (Warszawa) and Belarus (Minsk). The paper shows types of phonetic errors and explains that they do not result from a lack of willingness to learn only. They are necessary as they seem to be the element of skills practice. It is necessary to distinguish between an error which is made in one's mother tongue and the one made by a foreigner in a foreign language. Thus, there are different norms to be taken into account: a different norm is applied for a native user of a language and for a person who is at a certain stage of learning a foreign language. Moreover, it seems indispensable that these errors should be taken advantage of in the process of teaching since they may hold the clue to the efficient working both for the teacher and for the student.
PL
Artykuł porusza zagadnienie ekspansji męskożywotnej końcówki -a w bierniku liczby pojedynczej w grupie rzeczowników nieżywotnych. Część tego typu form jest zgodna z normą wzorcową, np.: forda, pokera, golfa, borowika, inne natomiast występują wyłącznie w języku potocznym, np.: zęba, paznokcia, gwoździa. Niekiedy trudno jest rozstrzygnąć, która forma jest prawidłowa, np.: zamówić kotlet czy zamówić kotleta. Artykuł przynosi ponadto propozycje rozwiązań glottodydaktycznych oraz przedstawia dylematy dotyczące wskazanych kwestii.
EN
The paper discusses the issue of the expansion of the masculine animate ending – a onto the group of inanimate nouns. Some of such forms are in agreement with the paradigmatic norm, others, on the other hand, appear only in colloquial language. It is at times difficult to establish which form is the correct one. The paper also puts forth proposals of methods of their teaching and presents some dilemmas concerning the abovementioned questions.
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