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EN
The article concerns attitudes of voters and political parties towards the right to civil partnerships for same-sex couples. Although, over the years, several attempts have been made to introduce draft laws on relationships in Poland, none of them was successful. The following political parties and groupings were analyzed: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, Platforma Obywatelska RP, Nowoczesna of Ryszard Petru, KW Kukiz '15 and Koalicja Zjednoczona Lewica. Studies have confirmed that the portioning of support for the right to a same-sex registered partnership divides the Polish political scene. The position of the examined parties on the legalization of same-sex relationships coincides with the beliefs of voters. The majority of parties and voters of the left supported the right to enter into partnerships, right-wing parties and their voters were against.
EN
This article focuses on the comparative analysis of the concepts of right and left in Spanish and Polish. The author begins the article by providing a precise definition of a language stereotype based on the research by Bartmiński, explaining its features that differ from the meaning of the prototype presented in cognitive research and prooving that both concepts can complement each other. By connecting them, we can create a full picture of semantic concepts, especially those of strong cultural connotations. The next step is to compare the symbolism connected with the above mentioned concepts and the comparative analysis of their cultural connotations, showing the similarities and differences between those concepts in the selected languages.
EN
The article is devoted to analysis of various countercultures aspects. The Author hypothesizes that the forms of contemporary politics are the result of two fundamentally interrelated strategic vectors. First is built upon a politics of ressentiment, setting “ordinary” folks against the socio-cultural elite which constututed to the "new right" movement. Second vector is originated of counterculture of the 1960s. The author states that counterculture exist without a singular identity. It is a space of hybridity and heterogenity. On the other hand counterculture is related to the concept of contemporary ambivalence as well it transforms of affective experience of everyday life. Another feature of counterculture is connected with the conviction that counterculture stands against of dominant culture. Also the author puts counterculture movements against various aspects of new american modernity including reconstruction of the practice of the hegemony, as well as through popular culture and reconstruction of the "left" and "right" idelogy and practice.
EN
The article presents diff erences between the electorate and political parties programs in a political right point of view according to the principle of same-sex couples to certificate their relations. Parties of the left such as the Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej) and Palikot`s Movement (Ruch Palikota) tried to support the idea of the same-sex couple partnerships however they didn’t try to make them equal with the ordinary marriages. The voters of those parties where more often ready to accept the same-sex couple partnerships, nevertheless the right side pulls in the opposite electorate. Most of the Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska RP) voters didn’t support the same-sex couples partnership idea, that kind of attitude dominate the Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) electorate too. Nowadays the aversion to the same-sex couples rights can be clearly seen among the whole society. During the 2011 campaign also clearly become the increase of support for the same-sex couples partnership over the previous year especially in political left wing of electorate. Social ratio to the main aspects of the article divines polish political parties as much as the most of the voters, creating a big line between the left and the right side of polish politics.
EN
Political parties that operate in the public space are classified, inter alia, according to the criterion of their ideological convergence (Mair, 2010; Gallagher, Laver, Mair, 2011). If we look at the convergence through the prism of the values declared by the parties, then the adaptation of Shalom H. Schwartz’s circular model makes it possible to explain many correlations. Ideological convergence must then be considered a derivative of the rules of compliance and conflict that Schwartz described. These become the starting point, the basis for selecting further axioms and, consequently, a guideline (imperative) in constructing political agendas. The article aims to show that the mentioned rules define party agendas, and the circular model can be used for analytical purposes. The manifestos of the pirate parties selected from 11 countries were used as an example. The method applied in the article is the meta-value matrix. Adapting the Schwartz model, it should be seen as a qualitative content analysis method.
EN
The article is focused on reviewing the performance of left-wing governments that dominated Latin America at the beginning of the 21st century. The purpose is to identify and analyse significant shortcomings and challenges faced by pink tide governments in relation to social progress, economic development and regional integration. Drawing from previous studies and reports on social progress, development, political economy, and regionalism, I argue that the left fell short of its promise to tackle inequality sustainably and comprehensively. Moreover, the pink tide failed to ensure stable economic growth due to over-reliance on natural-resource exports and was not successful in strengthening regional cooperation. Nowadays, six major Latin American economies are run by the left, which some perceive as a resurgence of the pink tide. Based on the analysis of the experiences and factors that contributed to the political decline of the original pink tide, the article provides key lessons for the new generation of Latin American left-wing governments. By using an explanatory and comparative research method, I examine the social, economic and political context of the region with the purpose of juxtaposing the two waves, highlighting present challenges faced by regional actors, and offering recommendations for the contemporary Latin American decision-makers.
EN
This article discusses the remnants of the root *u̯eh2- ‘to turn’ in Sanskrit. First, vāma- ‘left’, an etymon which we analyse from a typological point of view, bringing comparative data from various languages; the etymology of its synonym savyá- is also discussed. Second, the noun vāra-° ‘prostitute’ which, although isolated in Sanskrit, presents an exact Latin cognate. Third, the verb vayati ‘to weave’, whose paradigm and derived noun include some forms that must originate from *u̯eh2-
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie argumentów na rzecz rezygnacji z utrwalania w nauce o polityce trzech stereotypów dotyczących lewicowości, centrowości i prawicowości. Pierwszy z nich polega na klasyfikowaniu podmiotów politycznych przez wskazywanie na ich miejsce na osi lewica–centrum–prawica. Podstawą drugiego jest przekonanie, że lewicowość, centrowość i prawicowość można zawęzić do określonych płaszczyzn rywalizacji (na przykład do poglądów na gospodarkę, kształt państwa, religię). Trzecim stereotypem jest „dogmat”, że konflikt o wartości polityczne został zapoczątkowany w okresie rewolucji francuskiej. Autor uzasadnia swoje stanowisko w odniesieniu do psychologicznej teorii Shaloma H. Schwartza oraz kołowej struktury wartości politycznych.
EN
The aim of the article is to give arguments against the presence of three stereotypes in political science concerning leftism, centrism and rightism. The first one involves the classification of political entities by indicating their place on the left-centre-right axis. The second is based on the belief that leftism, centrism and rightism can be narrowed down to specific levels of competition (e.g. views on the economy or religion). The third stereotype is “dogma” that the conflict over political values was initiated during the French Revolution. The author explains his position with reference to the psychological theory of Shalom H. Schwartz and the circular matrix of meta-value.
EN
The case of Poland perfectly illustrates the scale of discrepancies between researchers who, on the one hand, criticize the specific nature of the Polish version of the left-right split, but on the other emphasize its important role in the process of identifying political and social actors and the ability of dichotomy to organize political life. Political actors define themselves in a specific way, allowing voters to recognize these acts of self-positioning and rely on them to make electoral decisions. The purpose of this paper is to problematize these divergences in two ways. First, by showing that the origin of this ‘problem’ lies in the assumptions underlying the theory of rational choice. It is claimed that it is the positivist ontology and epistemology underlying the paradigm of rational choice that produced ‘the problem’, which – from the perspective of interpretative approaches – constitutes an inherent part of political life. Secondly, by applying the assumptions of constructivism to the study of the left-right division in order to investigate the role of dichotomy in the political communication processes and construction of political order.
PL
Przypadek Polski doskonale pokazuje skalę rozbieżności pomiędzy badaczami, którzy z jednej strony krytykują specyficzny charakter polskiej wersji podziału lewica–prawica, a z drugiej strony dostrzegają jednak jego ważną rolę w procesie samoidentyfikacji aktorów politycznych i społecznych oraz zdolność do porządkowania życia politycznego – partie definiują się w określony sposób, a wyborcy trafnie owo pozycjonowanie rozpoznają i w oparciu o nie podejmują decyzje wyborcze. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest sproblematyzowanie owych rozbieżności w dwojaki sposób. Po pierwsze, poprzez ukazanie, iż u genezy tego „problemu” tkwią założenia związane z teorią racjonalnego wyboru. To pozytywistyczna ontologia oraz epistemologia leżące u podstaw paradygmatu racjonalnego wyboru pozwoliły na sformułowanie problemu, który z perspektywy podejść interpretatywnych byłby raczej nieodłączną częścią życia politycznego. Po wtóre, poprzez zastosowanie do badaniapodziału lewicowo-prawicowego założeń konstruktywizmu w celu zbadania roli, jakie pełni omawiana dychotomia w procesach komunikowania i konstruowania porządku politycznego.
PL
Autor prezentuje różnice w poglądach i wartościach ideologii lewicowej i prawicowej. Odwołując się do tradycyjnego, dychotomicznego podziału pokazuje zupełnie inne założenia, podejścia do konkretnych spraw i cele obu ideologii. Odnosząc się do deklaracji młodzieży przedstawia portret młodych Polaków, którzy w zdecydowanej większości nie potrafią określić swoich preferencji ideologicznych. Nieliczni młodzi jednak należą do partii, stowarzyszeń, grup politycznych czy ruchów społecznych. W artykule rekonstruowane są propozycje wysuwane przez dwie, znane i popularne młodzieżowe organizacje o wyrazistych ideowych preferencjach. Autor opisuje ich krytyczny stosunek do demokracji a także wysuwane propozycje jej naprawy. Oba środowiska, mimo iż, upominają się stale o „urzeczywistnienie” demokracji, walczą o zupełnie inny porządek społeczny.
EN
The author presents differences in the views and values of the left and right wing ideologies. He shows the variety of assumptions and attitudes towards specific issues and goals by referring to the traditional, dichotomous distinction. The author focuses on the political identifications of the youth according to their declarations. Most of them are politically alienated and unable to clearly define their political views. Few are members of political parties, political organizations or social movements. The article presents reconstructed proposals and values of two, well-known youth political associations. Both have radical and distinct ideological preferences. The author analyses their critical attitudes towards democracy and a recipe for its deficits. Despite their stand for the true realization of democracy, both groups fight for different social order
Teoria Polityki
|
2021
|
vol. 5
147-159
PL
W przestrzeni debaty publicznej można zaobserwować występowanie antynomicznych postaw dotyczących ochrony środowiska naturalnego. Jedna z nich jest charakterystyczna dla nurtu określanego umownie jako lewicowy, a druga – dla prawicowego. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie treści i źródeł tych postaw oraz podjęcie próby wyjaśnienia istniejącego na tym gruncie konfliktu politycznego w odniesieniu do psychologicznej teorii wartości Shaloma H. Schwartza.
EN
In the political sphere, two antinomous attitudes towards the nature are permanently present. The first one is characteristic of the left-wing and the second one of the right-wing. The article explains the content and source of these attitudes by referring to Shalom H. Schwartz's psychological value theory (SVT) and the circular meta-value model created on the basis of its adaptation.
PL
Przedmiotem zainteresowań jest różnorodność orientacji ideologicznych ze względu na płeć i wiek. Dotychczasowe ustalenia teoretyczne wskazują, że w rozwiniętych demokracjach już pod koniec lat 90. doszło do odwrócenia pozycji ideologicznych kobiet i mężczyzn. Z ostatnich badań społecznych wynika, że także w Polsce kobiety w większym stopniu niż mężczyźni identyfikują się z lewicą, a w młodszym pokoleniu różnice te są jeszcze większe. Celem artykułu jest szczegółowe ukazanie różnic ideowych pomiędzy młodymi mężczyznami i kobietami w Polsce. Autor stawia dwa typy pytań badawczych: (1) opisowe i wyjaśniające, które dotyczą charakterystyki podobieństw i różnic w orientacjach ideologicznych młodych kobiet i mężczyzn; (2) metodologiczne, które dotyczą sposobu pomiaru tego zjawiska. Autor wychodzi z założenia, że stosowany w wielu badaniach pomiar lewicowo-prawicowej samoidentyfikacji daje nadmiernie uproszczony obraz rzeczywistych poglądów, przekonań i wartości respondentów, które można określić mianem orientacji ideologicznych. Dlatego proponuje zastosowanie narzędzi wielowymiarowych (skala problemowa), które pozwalają lepiej opisać złożone postawy polityczne. W poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi autor analizuje dane z własnego badania przeprowadzonego wśród dużej grupy polskich studentów.
EN
The subject of the author’s interest is the diversity of ideological orientations due to gender and age. The theoretical findings so far indicate that in developed democracies already at the end of the 1990s there was a reversal of the ideological positions of women and men. Recent social research shows that also in Poland women identify with the left to a greater extent than men, and in the younger generation these differences are even greater. The aim of the article is to show in detail the ideological differences between young men and women in Poland. The author poses two types of research questions: (1) descriptive and explanatory, which concern the characteristics of similarities and differences in the ideological orientations of young women and men; (2) methodological, which concern how to measure this phenomenon. The author assumes that the measurement of left-right self-identification used in many studies brings an overly simplified picture of the respondents’ real views, beliefs and values, which can be described as ideological orientations. Therefore, he proposes the use of multidimensional tools (issue-based scale) that allow to better describe complex political attitudes. In search of answers, the author analyzes data from his own survey conducted among a large group of Polish students.
EN
The text is devoted to scientific and journalistic achievements of Marek “k-punk” Fisher. The author tries to show the originality of thought of the English theorist of culture and his contribution to the critical reflection on contemporary cultural phenomena. Fisher gained popularity in 2009 with the book Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative. He published in such magazines as The Guardian, The New Statesman, The Wire. In particular, he was interested in popular culture. The researcher and academic lecturer — with counter-cultural background — was often involved in defending the interests of the working class. The idea of the article is to familiarize the Polish reader with the concepts of Fisher, which are especially connected with the thought of Jacques Derrida.
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