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EN
The article is devoted to the coverage of the issue of criminal - legal protection of intellectual property at the present stage of state development. Some issues of optimization of the ratio of criminal – legal and civil – legal protection of intellectual property, the issue of differentiation of criminal – legal protection of personal non-property and / or property rights of intellectual property to literary, artistic and other work (copyright) and personal non-property and / or property intellectual property rights for performance, phonogram, videogram and program (transfer) of broadcasting organization (related rights). Unambiguous interpretation, logical wording in determining the signs and boundaries of socially dangerous acts and a clear relationship with other legal norms inevitably affect the correctness of law enforcement, provided that the legal constructions cover legal relations enshrined in the form of criminal offenses, delimiting criminal behavior from other actions and inaction . However, the effectiveness of the mechanism and legal effectiveness of criminal – legal protection of intellectual property, the quality of the relevant criminal – legal prohibitions and their qualified and active application should be recognized as more significant in terms of functional purpose and impact on legal relations. Thus, of course, the process of combating crimes against intellectual property directly depends on the degree of effectiveness of law enforcement agencies, both international law and legislation of Ukraine, as well as methods and techniques of intellectual property protection, which also contributes to the modern development of civil law, criminal law and procedural institutions of regulation and protection of intellectual property rights in view of the dynamics of such crimes, their type of affiliation, as well as persons who may be involved in their commission. At the same time, there is no doubt that even perfect criminal law prohibitions cannot completely replace the professionalism of a law enforcer, his technical equipment, his knowledge of regulatory legislation and high-quality investigative and operational-investigative activities.
EN
The paper addresses the issue of including personal finance education in the primary school curriculum. According to the author, the current global financial crisis increases the need for the development of an awareness and an understanding of financial system in young people. The author claims that personal financial education must consider all aspects of finance and particularly he issues relating to ethics and values. She discusses the legal requirements to teach personal finance education and presents the “What Money Means” project built by Personal Finance Education roup (pfeg) to support primary school with the development of personal finance education. The author also describes examples of good practice explored during the pfeg project as well as innovative approaches to financial education.
EN
European Court of Human Rights states that the execution of final decisions is a compulsory provision for a fair hearing and a successful conlusion of a trial. The right to a court protected by Article 6 would be illusory if a Contracting State’s domestic legal system allowed a final, binding judicial decision to remain inoperative to the detriment of one party. Execution of a judgment given by any court, is considered to be an integral part of the “trial” for the purposes of Article 6. Based on the Article 1 of European Convention for Human Rights member states of European Council are obligated to implement the the decisions of ECHR in their domestic legislation in the context of building an efficient legal system. This paper aimes to analyze the legal system of member states regarding the reinforcment of decisions looking forword to identify issues, commonalities and diferences among states. What is the procedure followed in the process of execution? What do we understand with “Reasonable timeframe” and which are the legal requirements in which are based “Concrete deadlines” within a judicial decision should be executed? What is the significance of the enforcment agents in this process?
PL
Działalność deweloperska wymaga ciągłego dostosowywania przedsiębiorców do zmieniających się warunków prawnych. W artykule przedstawiono system zabezpieczeń interesów klienta na rynku deweloperskim w Polsce oraz wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej. W artykule opisano pozytywne i negatywne rozwiązania w zakresie regulacji prawnych.
EN
Developing activity requires continuous adaptation to the changing legal requirements. The article presents a security system of client interests in the development market in Poland and in the selected European Union countries. The article describes both positive and negative solutions regarding legal regulations.
EN
During economic crisis, due diligence becomes very important. Although companies valuations are lower, buyers are characterized by more caution. Of their interest are companies with a solid foundation, generating steady, decent level of cash flow. Even the largest stock companies begin to count every penny. The conclusions of due diligence support the process of building and implementing the company’s market strategy and help identify potential risks to the business and legal requirements. Even if the analysis results in withdrawal from the transaction, it should be interpreted asavoidance of losses several times exceeding the cost of due diligence. We can expect that the duediligence formula will gain in popularity in the Polish reality over the next few years.
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