Search results - CEJSH

1

The evolution of free time throughout history. Video games as a modern leisure activity

100%

Polcyn S.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2018

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issue 38

187-200

PL

Against the background of civilizational development, the 21st century appears as a time of great opportunities of self-development and general progress but also as a time of various new leisure activities. Thanks to the society’s prosperity, as a consequence of scientific and technological research as well as technological progress, our lives have been improving on a daily basis, evolving towards “excellence”. A similar evolution has taken place in terms of leisure activities that have been known since antiquity. Some of them have slipped into oblivion, giving way to more interesting and controversial forms of leisure, including computer games. Computer games have become a part of our society; the role they have played in the 21st century is immense. Both children and teenagers are involved in this sort of pastime on a daily basis. To many of them, a day without their favourite game or virtual hero is hard to imagine. When asked about computer games, most adolescents will flood you with information on the subject. To children and teenagers, games are a source of lively colours, sounds and great opportunities. They offer a world beyond a child’s common experience. Games make a child feel needed. Most of all, computer games are more attractive and more easily accessible than other leisure activities.

2

BOOK REVIEW: SPORT, LEISURE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

93%

Madej K.

Society Register

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2018

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vol. 2

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issue 1

185-189

EN

Sport leisure and social justice is an important and essential book central to its theme. Editors present a collection of research analysis presented on a variety of different cases. Readers are introduced to a diversity of experiences of marginalized categories of people, theoretical approaches and contexts (e.g. physical education, musical events) that can be used in regards to inequality in this field.

3

Leisure theology with a special focus on rest theology

93%

Ostrowski M.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 2

PL

The author performs an analysis of „theological places” („loci theologici”), as the basis on which leisure theology can be developed. These are: time theology (a linear concept of time, which means that time is a gift to man, if properly used), freedom theology (freedom not as a discharge from obligations but as the possibility to do good), new creation theology (renewal made by the redemptive work of Christ), joy theology (joy of gifts of nature, community with other person, being granted God’s grace), feast theology (time given to a man in order that he could turn to supernatural matters). The author develops ‘rest theology’ extensively as one of the fundamental forms of spending free time. He searches for sources in numerous biblical texts, where this term has been used. Furthermore, he interprets, among others, how to understand God’s rest after he created the world, and how his repose becomes an example to follow for a human being. Moreover, the author explains what the final repose is to be for a person, and how man, living on earth, anticipates an eschatological rest.

4

Golden Age of Tabletop Gaming: Creation of the Social Capital and Rise of Third Spaces for Tabletop Gaming in the 21st Century

93%

Konieczny P.

Polish Sociological Review

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2019

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vol. 206

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issue 2

199-216

EN

This paper re-examines two turn-of-the-century observations of Putnam and Oldenburg about the decline of social capital-generating activities, and disappearance of certain social venues. Based on a decade of multisite observations on three continents I show that a particular type of an activity that Putnam claimed was disappearing-face-to-face, tabletop gaming-is thriving, and often doing so in third-place-like venues that Oldenburg described as endangered-local cafés and clubs. I present data on the proliferation of related leisure activities, including an estimate of their longitudinal and geographical spread and popularity. I also illustrate how social capital is created in physical gaming venues, and propose a six-type classification of those venues.

5

Trávení volného času v České republice ve srovnání s evropskými zeměmi

93%

Šafr J., Patočková V.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

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2010

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vol. 8

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issue 2

21-27

EN

The article focuses on leisure activities in the Czech Republic. After the introductory part defining leisure and its functions, data from the international research ISSP 2007 Leisure and Sport are analyzed. Frequencies of 13 leisure activities and perceived functions of leisure are described and the Czech results are briefly compared with the average of 18 European countries. Then attention is paid to the structure of leisure activities in the Czech society. Three main leisure clusters, i.e. types of lifestyle, were identified: (1) cultural and sporting activities outside home, (2) “female” culture (shopping, watching TV, reading books and visiting relatives), (3) “home-loving” style of life (doing handicrafts and do-it-yourself). The main sociodemographic characteristics of their followers are delineated using multinominal logistic regression.

6

Leisure as a Category of Culture, Philosophy and Recreation

93%

Zowisło M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2010

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vol. 50

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issue 1

66-71

EN

When we look at the very origins of human world, civilization in its history and prehistory, we can trace strong evidence of the archaic presence of leisure in human life. It seems striking and meaningful that in fact all that is human streams out from leisure. Leisure occurs to be an arch-human phenomenon. This paper addresses this multidimensional cultural presence and the sense and value of leisure conceived as a source of civilization, symbolic thought, social institutions, habits and practices. The cultural primordiality of leisure is evident when we take into consideration an aboriginal release from total preoccupation with only impulsive and instinctual survival activities that took place in the era of Homo habilis some 2 millions years ago. It is obvious that free time was a great achievement of these evolutionary forms of human beings when we reflect upon the earliest seeds of consciousness expressed in primitive pebble tools. These tools tell us about at least three important messages from our prehistory: that first man must have had some free time to think about given life-troubles and inventing implements; that primitive tools must have been a real help and means for hastening and unburdening a load of work and must have given in effect a small amount of discretionary time to avoid impulsive activity; and last, that primitive tools afterwards became the first material for imaginative aesthetic transformation and gave the first impulse for art. So art was the earliest non-compulsory and non-functional field of free activity and a borderline between the biological and cultural existence of infra-human and human species, the former centered completely and instinctively on just remaining alive and the latter disclosing outdistanced, free and reflective behavior. The next evolutionary steps in development of using free time were religion and philosophy. In religious acts with their ritual practices human beings made holy days of their holidays. Philosophical contemplation gave broad space for autonomous and autotelic thinking and self-fulfilling practices focused on human intellectual and moral self-realization (semi-divine activity and happiness). But the most modern acceleration of exercising leisure is recreation understood as a differential area of physical culture, tourism, play and rest. Leisure occurs to be not only free time after obligatory activities bound up with biological determinants of life and with work are completed, it is also an important social factor (for instance, for the stratification of the levels or classes of society), an existential state of being, a phenomenon of rejuvenation, enjoyment, pastime, pleasure, distraction, indolence, idleness. Leisure appears at last a great challenge for humans to show their own specific and private attitude towards their lives and understanding their own position in the whole world. The authentic leisure is not void time, it is overfilled with creative acts confirming human freedom and capacity for transgressionvirtue, here and now, sentiments

7

Anthropology of everyday life and a phenomenon of leisure

93%

Vujačić L.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2018

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vol. 28

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issue 2

87 - 93

EN

The free time (leisure) phenomenon is an increasingly inspiring theme in anthropological discourse, especially in the so-called anthropology of everyday life. First of all, free time fills media content, creating a new „culture of needs“ represented, mostly, through consumeristic (materialistic) values, since consumption is embedded in everyday patterns of behavior and is in constant interaction with technology and new types of media. And our identity, through the mentioned spheres, is „defined“ first within the (daily) free time. It is shaped by rest, fun, creative processes, but also leisure, consumption. In the postmodern era, Z. Lipovetsky observes, and „a kind of democratization of hedonism“, in the sense that new spaces are opened without prior exclusivity, and the boundaries between styles, purposes, values become relative, in everyday life both in the sphere of art, in the economy, politics, etc. Thus, the usual daily dynamics, as a kind of practical policy, becomes an anthropological interest, especially through cultural studies, which emphasize topics from the popular, media and consumer culture, at the local and global level, maintaining an active attitude towards reality.

8

The Involvement of Budapest Residents with Visual Impairments in Leisure Sports: Barriers and Facilitators

93%

Gombás J., Gál A.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2016

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vol. 70

|

issue 1

44-54

EN

Since the political and economic changes that occurred in 1989-1990, Hungary has been in a state of transition from a socialist regime to a democratic culture. In an effort to comply with the rules of democracy, equal opportunities for people with disabilities are demanded on various platforms. However, inclusion in sports is still uncommon, and physical education (P.E.) teachers, trainers, sports scientists, etc. are not provided with in-depth education on adapted sports. The present study examines the involvement of Hungarian adults with VI (visual impairments) in leisure sports and investigates facilitators and barriers which members of the target group face. First, the educational opportunities (segregation or inclusion) provided for Hungarian children with VI are introduced. The historical and legislative backgrounds are presented in order to give a clear review of the social context. Findings of a survey on the activity levels of Hungarian adults with vision loss are introduced, which reflect the target group’s willingness to get involved in leisure activities and also pinpoint factors which hinder their participation (e.g., professionals’ unfamiliarity with the special needs of those with VI and adapted sports opportunities).

9

Conceptualizing Leisure Within the Highly Regimented World of Elite Hockey

93%

MacCosham B.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2016

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vol. 71

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issue 1

53-62

EN

The purpose of this paper is to offer a conceptualization of leisure that can help us understand what constitutes as leisure and how leisure is attained in a highly regimented context such as elite hockey. Leisure researchers are unable to agree on a definition of leisure that best represents the field, which is perhaps why leisure has lost its significance within contemporary academia. In this paper, a conceptualization is provided that was developed through research on Junior level ice hockey players. Junior level hockey has a highly structured and professionalized regiment but yet, leisure is still attainable for players despite having little control over their involvement. Traditional definitions of leisure do not capture what it means to be in leisure even though theoretically Junior level hockey players are considered to be in serious leisure as amateurs. Thus, this paper can help justify and lets us understand how leisure is attained in Junior level hockey.

10

Survey of recreational use of The Las Kabacki forest nature reserve in Warsaw (Poland)

93%

Malinowska E., Szumacher I.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 3

12-18

EN

This paper discusses recreational use of protected land with the example of Las Kabacki, a forest located in the southern part of Warsaw, in the vicinity of the district of Ursynów. The area has been excluded from traditional forest cultivation since 1938. From 1980 onwards it has enjoyed the status of a reserve due to its natural resources and scenic attributes. Highly developed and densely populated residential areas (Natolin-Wyżyny and Kabaty) lie adjacent to the northern border of the forest. For their inhabitants, Las Kabacki is a key recreational area. This results in a functional and spatial conflict of interests between nature protection objectives on the one hand and the recreational needs of inhabitants on the other hand. To find the answer to the question of how to match the interests of a natural reserve with leisure requirements, users of Las Kabacki were asked for their opinions regarding the following issues: the natural values of the reserve and their perception, forms of preferred recreational behaviour in the reserve, awareness of threats to the natural environment in the reserve arising from anthropogenic pressure, readiness to resign from preferred forms of leisure in favour of protecting nature, and possibilities for eliminating the conflict of interests between the recreational use of the reserve and protection of its natural values. Also, two SWOT analyses were carried out aimed at determining a nature conservation strategy in the reserve as well as its leisure use.

11

Leisure-time physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the family context

93%

Pluta B.

Studia Periegetica

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2021

|

vol. 35(3)

23-40

EN

The study focused on the involvement of children and adults in family leisure activities during pandemic-related lockdowns in relation to the WHO’s recommendations regarding physical activity. The study is based on data collected from adolescents (n = 89) and their parents (n = 73) selected from among inhabitants of Poznan and its neighbouring areas. Physical activity levels were determined using a Physical Activity Screening Measure. The results suggest a negative impact of the pandemic on leisure physical activity undertaken by members of the surveyed families. In order to effectively monitor the effects of the pandemic on family physical activity, it is necessary to develop experimental projects in the form of interventional programs.

12

A methodology for calculating individual indicators of tourism activity

93%

Kyfyak V., Kyfyak O.

Turyzm

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2018

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vol. 28

|

issue 1

41-45

EN

The purpose of the article is to find modern approaches for calculating the quantity of given characteristic features and accompanying tourist services and goods purchased by tourists, to determine the number of tourists visiting a city and forecasting the volume of travel services for the future. Solutions to the tasks set out in the article have been carried out with the help of both general academic and specialist research methods: analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, expert evaluation and extrapolation. Using the example of the city of Chernivtsi (Ukraine) the number of tourists visiting the city has been determined, the volume of services rendered and the average annual growth rate of tourism service implementation over the last five years has been calculated contributing to forecasting the volume of service delivery for the future.

13

The impact of the perception of leisure on recreational and tourism spaces in an urban area

93%

Meyer B., Niezgoda A.

Turyzm

|

2018

|

vol. 28

|

issue 1

47-52

EN

The purpose of the present paper is to attempt to identify relations between the changing perception of leisure and the creation of tourism and recreational spaces in urban areas. The authors focus in particular on changes associated with the so-called ‘third wave’ (TOFFLER 2001), time compression (NIEZGODA 2017), and departure from synchronization. These considerations are illustrated by an analysis of the recreational activity of Szczecin residents and of tourists, and attempt identifying the relations between recreational space and tourism space. With the constant compression of leisure time, tourism activities become more similar to the leisure activities of residents, which means both types occur in the same environment. Urban recreational and tourism spaces overlap in a way that makes it impossible to separate them, but still allows the distinction of certain sub-spaces where either tourism or recreational behavior prevails.

14

The relationship between leisure activity types selected by older adults and their income

93%

Gümüş H., Erbaş Ü.

Studia Periegetica

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2020

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vol. 29(1)

87-98

EN

This study focused on investigating the relationship between leisure activity types selected by individuals aged 65 and older and their income. The target population included inhabitants of Mersin Province aged 65 and older. A purposive sample of 228 individuals was recruited to participate in the study. The questionnaire consisted of a demographic information form and the “Leisure participation scale”, including six different activity types for which the respondents were asked to determine the frequency of participation. The collected data were analysed for normality, and by applying the independent T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In order to discover the cause of the inter-group differences (e.g. education level), Fisher’s LSD test was used. Significance was set at 0.05. The respondents’ participation in cultural activities was found to be positively correlated with their income level. Individuals in the low income group preferred “volunteering activities”, while individuals in the high income group preferred “cultural activities such as watching TV, going to cinema, concerts, museums”. Individuals in the moderate income group usually opted for “hobbies and indoor activities such as painting, reading, playing musical instruments”. Elderly people with moderate incomes, who tend to prefer indoor activities, should be encouraged to engage in outdoor activities that are more beneficial for their mental, physiological and psychological health. This results of the study can be used as recommendations concerning leisure activity types for private elderly care centers, ministries responsible for the health of elderly people, local authorities and other institutions that plan leisure activities for this social group.

15

Comparative Leisure Physical Activity: A Comparison Between Polish and European Population

81%

Biernat E., Piątkowska M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2013

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vol. 59

|

issue 1

33-41

EN

Introduction and objective: In Poland, there are only a few studies that refer to the whole society’s participation in sport and recreation and that are based an the international questionnaire thus allowing for comparative analysis with other European reports. The aim of the study was to determine the association between leisure physical activity and socio-demographic variables. Methods: A survey based on CAPI was carried out in Poland from October to November 2012. A random sample of Polish adults (N=1,633) was interviewed using the IPAQ-long form. The data were analyzed using standard statistical procedures. Results: More than 21% of Polish subjects did not undertake any physical activity in their leisure time. Of those who were physically active, over 70% engaged in vigorous physical activity; only one in four respondents performed moderate physical activity or walking. The average leisure physical activity of the Poles was 1,916.9 ± 2,621 MET-min/week. A comparison of the current results and European research findings demonstrated that the median physical activity for the Polish population (MET-min/week) was similar to the median values for Czech subjects and Norwegian males and nearly three times higher than Croats. Conclusions: Insufficient participation in the conscious process of caring for one’s health is a common occurrence among adults living in the EU. In order to encourage the Polish population’s participation in physical activities, it is necessary to raise their awareness of the need of well-balanced, regular exercise. Furthermore, this study suggests that caution is warranted before using the CAPI technique to provide the IPAQ-long form survey.

16

The Role of Management and School in Organising Primary Students' Free Time

81%

Karačić M.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 2

297-316

EN

Aim. The aim of the research is to determine what role management and schools play in the organisation of students” free time, and what activities it undertakes to educate for leisure time. Methods. This study used methods of theoretical analysis, survey research methods, and questionnaires, in which 1410 subjects such as principals, teachers, parents and students from 150 primary schools in Bosnia and Herzegowina (B&H) participated. Results. The results show that principals and teachers have positive attitudes about the rational use of students’ free time in order to prepare them for continuing self-education with the use of various sources of knowledge. Conclusion. Conclusions show that for a better understanding of the role of school management it is necessary to do more research about this issue on the territory of B&H, because the proper organisation and implementation of students’ free time can be successful if all participants in education work together. Research restrictions. Since it is not possible to make comparison with results of the previous research on this topic on the territory of B&H, the study compares results with results from other countries. Practical application. The practical goal is to examine the education and to increase the understanding and awareness of the free time of young people. Originality. This study is original and creative, and it contributes to better understanding of the role of management in leisure activities on students’ emotional, social, cognitive and work competencies.

17

The role of tourism in European Union – selected issues

81%

Florek I. B.

Journal of Modern Science

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2018

|

issue 3(38)

41-52

EN

The article presents an outline of European touristic policy and the role of tourism sector in European economy. Statistical data show the importance of European tourism as the number one tourist destination worldwide. Institutions of EU involved with tourism (such as the European Parliament – Committee on Transport and Tourism, the European Commission – DG Enterprise and Industry: Tourism section) shall put more emphasis on some specific issues as there is no specific tourism policy and development programmes in this matter. An urgent consideration must be given to a proper touristic service marketing by enhancing promotion programs, taking patterns from successful experiences of other countries, using modern marketing tools taking inspiration from new emerging tourism markets worldwide. The author shows the possibilities and prospects that internal market gives to the tourism of Member States. Community actions and measures are aimed at strengthening the position of European tourism. Moreover challenges and opportunities of European compared to world tourism are described.

18

ZAGOSPODAROWANIE CZASU WOLNEGO W MIEJSKICH I WIEJSKICH GOSPODARSTWACH DOMOWYCH

81%

Gutkowska K., Murawska A.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2011

|

vol. 38

|

issue 8(449)

22-29

EN

The leisure management in the urban and rural households is characterized in the article. The main aim of this work was to present: the ways of leisure in the households, the financial ability to meet the needs of recreational services, leisure equipment in households and satisfaction connected with leisure management. The article shows the differences that occur in this respect in the rural and urban households. The article refers to data collected by Central Statistical Office and the research project "Social Diagnosis".

19

Tourist, ecological and recreational behaviours in leisure time – contribution to the sociology of leisure

81%

Cynarski W., Grzywacz R.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie Kultura Fizyczna

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2016

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vol. 15

|

issue 1

79-88

EN

Theoretical perspective for this study is created by sociology of leisure, or rather – the border area of sociology of culture, tourism and leisure. Paradigms: humanistic, the ecological, and systemic are also included. Own authors’ original concepts of leisure and lifestyle are presented. The scientific problem concerns the leisure activity of the middle class representatives. The aim is to describe and to compare this activity of a selected family to the national average: notes of one family from Central Europe concerning active recreation in the period 2010–2014. The research method has been a case study of activities for four periods of holiday. The Grounded Theory and analysis of a discourse was used. The case study is a qualitative method, not requiring statistical analysis. Results and conclusions are limited. The applied method does not allow to draw any generalizing conclusions.The family tended to be active, practicing various forms of physical or cultural recreation. They have been spending leisure time together for better internal integration. These people really enjoy ecological and healthy lifestyle.

PL

Perspektywa teoretyczna dla tego opracowania jest tworzona przez socjologię czasu wolnego, a raczej pogranicza socjologii kultury, socjologii turystyki i czasu wolnego. Uwzględniono paradygmat humanistyczny, ekologiczny i systemowy. Przedstawiane są własne, autorskie, oryginalne koncepcje rozrywki i wypoczynku, czasu wolnego i stylu życia. Problem naukowy dotyczy aktywności czasu wolnego przedstawicieli klasy średniej. Celem jest, aby opisać i porównać tę aktywność na przykładzie wybranej rodziny z odniesieniem do średniej krajowej: według notatek z jednej rodziny z Europy Środkowej dotyczących aktywnego wypoczynku w okresie 2010–2014. Metodą badania była analiza przypadku działań w czterech okresy wypoczynku wakacyjnego. Zastosowano Grounded Theory oraz analizę dyskursu. Studium przypadku, jako metoda jakościowa, nie wymaga opracowania statystycznego, ale także nie upoważnia do wyciągania wniosków uogólniających. Badana rodzina wykazuje tendencję do aktywności, uprawiania różnych form rekreacji fizycznej i kulturowej. Oni starają się spędzać razem czas wolny zwłaszcza dla lepszej wewnętrznej integracji. Ci ludzie naprawdę realizują ekologiczny i zdrowy styl życia.

20

Cesta z města. Motorkářství : sport, umění nebo rituál?

81%

Pitrová I.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

|

2009

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vol. 96

|

issue 1

35-47

EN

Text offers variety of anthropological perspectives which can be used to gain insight into the culture of motorcycling and motorcyclers (particular sport touring bikes). Asking if motorcycling can be explained as a sport, art or ritual, the complexity of motorcycling phenomena is being shown. Motorcycling as a preferred leisure activity is here regarded through the body experience (embodied capital), risk taking experience (edgework), naturalness seeking (civilization escape), traveling (the road) and finally through bike´s qualities such as flexibility, mobility and spontaneity. The historical context of motorcycling beginnings is briefly described (antihero, rebel without reason). Such a theorizing about motorcycling serves us for proving that sport touring biking is not subculture in common meaning but rather a praxeology- performance based on shared embodied experiencing.

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