Basarab Nicolescu’s book What is Reality? is an attempt to enlighten the contradictory logic promoted by Stéphane Lupasco. However, it also proves to be the solid ground necessary for the axiomatic crystallization of the transgressive-integratory view of the world, a vision based on transdisciplinary thought. For this reason our text will focus not only on the connection between the Included Third (Stéphane Lupasco) and the Hidden Third (Basarab Nicolescu) but also on the “fusion between horizons” in an Infinite Third, one which belongs to Meaning.
In the introduction we explain why the relation between the Object and the Subject is a crucial problem of philosophy. The key point in understanding the Object-Subject relation is the vision on Reality that humans shared in different periods of the historical time. We next describe some historical aspects concerning the transdisciplinary concept of “level of Reality”, namely in relation with the work of John of the Ladder (c. 525-606), Nicolai Hartmann (1882-1950) and especially Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976). We finally analyze a unified theory of levels of Reality - the transdisciplinary approach, with its three axioms: levels of Reality, logic of included middle and complexity. We describe an important consequence of the transdisciplinary approach: the existence of a zone of non-resistance, which plays the role of a third between the Subject and the Object. This Hidden Third is an interaction term which allows the unification of the transdisciplinary Subject and the transdisciplinary Object while preserving their difference.
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