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Policyjne determinanty w profilowaniu wolnych zawodów

100%
Kocowski T., Małecki W.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2022
|
issue 4 (40)
27-44
EN
The possibility of taking up and practising liberal professions is generally dependent on the possession of professional qualifications, set out in law. The need to obtain certain qualifications often stems from the necessity to protect such goods as life, health and property. These might be referred to as ‘police goods’. They are existential for the functioning of the state, society and individuals, and are protected within the most important and most significant function of the state, which is the police. One of the areas of the police is the economic police, related to the protection of police goods against threats that may arise as a result of economic activity.Among the liberal professions there are those for which the requirements of obtaining certain qualifications result from the need to protect life and health. These are, in the first place, professions whose performance on the basis of appropriate qualifications guarantees a high level of protection of the life and health of the direct recipients of services provided by a person performing a liberal profession. This applies to the medical professions – doctors, dentists, nurses, midwifes, pharmacists and physiotherapists. Secondly, it is necessary to mention the professions the performance of which on the basis of appropriate qualifications guarantees a high level of protection of life and health of the undetermined group of persons. These professions include that of the architect and civil engineer.A disputable issue is whether professions whose representatives are to protect their clients against unfavourable or unlawful disposal of their own property can be considered liberal professions, where the requirement to obtain certain qualifications results from the need to protect police states and goods. These are legal professions, as well as the professions of investment advisor and property appraiser.
2

Nadawanie uprawnień zawodowych w zakresie szacowania nieruchomości

88%
Kłusek P.
Prawo
|
2017
|
issue 323
199-210
EN
In Polish jurisprudence we can distinguish two specific groups of professions: the liberal profes­sions and the professions of public trust. The profession of the real estate appraiser for sure may be ranked as aliberal profession. Nevertheless, there is no certainty if this profession may be ranked as a profession of public trust. Qualification of the real estate appraisers to this second group of pro­fessions could be areason to justify achange of the existing regulation concerning empowerment in terms of the real estate evaluation. Therefore there is aneed to determine the legal status of the real estate appraiser profession and to judge the regulations which concern empowerment in terms of real estate evaluation.
3
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Prawny status zawodu lekarza. Wybrane zagadnienia

63%
Kosiński E.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2016
|
issue 3 (15)
9-27
EN
The article deals with a very crucial question of the legal status of physicians in Poland. The question asked is whether a physician who works as a sole practitioner may be recognized as a person performing a liberal profession, a public trust profession (a category specifi c only as far as Polish domestic law concerned), or a regulated profession (according to Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifi cations). Consequently, first the concepts of a liberal, regulated and public trust professions are analysed. Another important question to be answered is if physicians practicing as sole traders are undertakings in the meaning of the EU law and if they are what their status is. The vastest exclusion in terms of the subject and object of the legislation was provided by the Regulation on Industrial Law issued by Poland’s President on 7 June 1927 which excluded the activity conducted by physicians. Under Article 3 of the President’s Regulation the Commercial Code 27 June 1934, all liberal professions were also excluded from activities considered to be a form of entrepreneurship. This attitude changed in postwar Poland and the Act of 23 December 1988 on Economic Activity provided for no exclusion for any liberal profession from being regarded as economic activity. The Act of 19 November 1999 on Economic Activity excluded from its scope only entities that provided legal services (barristers and solicitors) and those rendering services in the area of industrial property. Today, under Polish law physicians are considered to be an undertaking in two situations: when they conduct their activities in the form of so-called ‘private practice’ (one-person undertaking), or when they conduct their practice within so-called ‘collective practice’ (partnership). They are not regarded as undertakings when they are employed by a medical institution or another medical entity on the basis of an employment contract. In such a case they fall under the provisions of the Act of 15 April 2011 on Medical Activities, but still keep the status of liberal profession.
4
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Wypowiedzenie umowy o pracę radcy prawnemu w związku z nienależytym wykonywaniem zawodu

63%
Kaczmarczyk M.
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
|
2016
|
vol. 16/1
331-343
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza wypowiedzenia umowy o pracę radcy prawnemu w związku z nienależytym wykonywaniem zawodu w kontekście wykonywania przez radcę prawnego wolnego zawodu oraz w kontekście zagadnienia ochrony trwałości stosunku pracy. Konstrukcja tego wypowiedzenia w prawie polskim stanowi w ujęciu autorki ważny element definiujący wykonywanie zawodu radcy prawnego jako wolnego zawodu. W opracowaniu podjęta zostanie argumentacja na rzecz stanowiska, że ochrona stosunku pracy radcy prawnego nie może zostać uznana za szczególną ochronę trwałości stosunku pracy.
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the termination of employment of legal counsel due to improper practice of the profession in the context of the exercise of the profession of legal counsel and in the context of protection of long-term employment. The construction of this notice in the Polish law, is an important element that defines the profession of legal counsel as a liberal profession. The argument will be undertaken in favor of the position that the protection of employment of legal counsel cannot be considered as a special protection of the durability of employment.
5
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Fizjoterapeuta jako wolny zawód i zawód zaufania publicznego

63%
Kłusek P.
Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
|
2016
|
vol. 53
44-56
EN
On 26th October 2015, the President of Poland signed The Physiotherapist Profession Act, which regulates the legal status of this profession. It normalizes numerous issues including pursuing the profession of a physiotherapist, educational requirements, professional liability, the functioning of professional self-government, etc. Therefore, we need to figure out if, in the current situation, the physiotherapist profession has the features that allow its recognition as a liberal profession and the profession of public trust. It is all the more important because in the course of the work on the bill of the physiotherapist profession, the opinions on this issue varied.
6
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Przyszłość zawodu dziennikarza w Polsce – wariantowe modele rozwiązań prawnych

51%
Taczkowska-Olszewska J.
Studia Medioznawcze
|
2014
|
issue 3 (58)
39-50
PL
W artykule dokonano przeglądu koncepcji regulowania zawodu dziennikarza w Polsce. Celem analizy było zarówno określenie kategorii zawodów (zawody zaufania publicznego, wolne zawody), do której należy zaliczyć działalność dziennikarską, jak również ustalenie czynników (wyznaczników zawodowości) przesądzających o odrębności zawodu dziennikarza. Badania zmierzały do ustalenia, czy istnieje potrzeba defi niowania zawodu dziennikarskiego. Wydaje się, że decydujące znaczenie dla dziennikarstwa będzie posiadać wykładnia stałych wyznaczników zawodowości, bowiem powołanie podobnych, a nawet jednakowo brzmiących przesłanek (np. misyjności) może prowadzić do zasadniczo różnych koncepcji dziennikarstwa. To nie dobór wyznaczników, lecz sposób, w jaki będzie następować ich interpretacja, przesądzi o kierunku zmian w dziennikarstwie.
EN
This article deals with the overview of conceptions of regulating the journalist profession in Poland. The aim is to analyze both the category of professions (professions of public trust, liberal professions, journalistic activities), and factors (determinants of professionalism) having an impact on the autonomy of journalistic profession. The goal is to examine whether there is a need to defi ne the profession of journalists. The research underlines the importance of permanent determinants of professionalism; it argues that the introduction of new variables (see for instance journalistic mission) might lead to basically different conceptions of journalism. The paper concludes that the way in which variables are being interpreted will have an impact on discussions of the future of journalism profession.
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