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Relacja z udziału w programie" 21st Century Changemakers. Trend Leaders Promote Social Media Discernment among Youth Departamentu Stanu USA"

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Stoch M.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura

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2020

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vol. 12

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issue 1

159-166

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Ложь как коммуникативный феномен (в контексте болгарской и русской лингвокультуры)

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Янчева Петкова-Калева С., Шуменский университет имени Епископа Константина Преславского (Болгария)

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica

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2014

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vol. 10

EN

The paper dwells on the various aspects of lie as one of the «faces» of ingenuine speech behavior. It further attempts to conceive the basic structural modifications of lie on the basis of the linguistic markers typical to this phenomenon in Russian and Bulgarian linguoculture. The classification of the linguistic exponents of the phenomenon forms the communicative behavior of the sender with respect to the realization of his/her communicative intention. The paper also discusses its variants such as slander, appraisal, compliment, disorientation, mystification and others. Specific national stereotypes in the interpretation of the phenomenon are also presented in the article.

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„Фейк” - современное лицо масс-медийного обмана

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Małecki Ł.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2018

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issue 43

193-202

PL

The phenomen of “fake news” disseminated by the mass media is a relatively new phenomenon, the impact of which has not been extensively studied. The article is devoted to the problem of fake in contemporary mass media, which is understood not only as a modern type of lie, but also a fabricated information designed to manipulate public opinion and creating specific form of an image of the world in the human consciousness.

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Kilka uwag na temat oceny prawdomówności wypowiedzi w procesie karnym

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Sznajderska E. I.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2014

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vol. 32

59 - 77

EN

The article addresses the issue of lie and its detection in criminal proceedings, with particular focus on evaluating truthfulness and credibility of utterances made by the participants in criminal proceedings. It is a relatively new area of research which is of a significant importance for establishing the truth both in inquiry and in court practice. An application of new information technology solutions such as, inter alia, e-minutes serves this purpose.

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Jak przekonać Kanta do kłamstwa? Aporie imperatywu kategorycznego

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Piekarz M., Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2015

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vol. 30

EN

Some critical interpreters of Kant’s ethics accuse it for not corresponding to our common moral convictions. Kant claims that we are not allowed to lie to a murderer at the door even when he wants to kill his victim being our friend hidden by us. In this paper I argue against the opinion that there is a sufficient justification for this restriction in Kant’s ethics. If we reconsider the central point of Kant’s moral theory, which is categorical imperative, we will find several arguments for accepting lying in some cases. What is more, in extreme situations we are obliged to lie, for example when it is the only way to save the innocent victim’s life. Thus, one can suggest that Kant interpreted his own theory in a wrong way. In conclusion, I advocate for the view that, after all, Kant’s theory remains in agreement with the common moral intuitions.

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Dezinformacja społeczeństwa realizowana przez media internetowe a jej społeczna akceptacja

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Wala Ł., Jagiellonian University in Cracow, lukasz.wala@uj.edu.pl

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2015

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vol. 18

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issue 1

EN

Online media misinforming society and the social acceptance of this phenomenon. This article is an attempt to research the phenomenon of institutionalized lying, which in the author’s opinion is the practice of websites aiming to maximize the readership of their content to the detriment of the fairness and objectivity. First, an introduction to the basic concepts of media ethics and their source in general ethics will be presented. Then, a description of the changes which have taken place in the media over the past several years will be shown in order to identify potential sources of the problem and there is a review of opinions available on the Internet. The next step was to examine sample content published by selected websites, along with descriptions of the techniques and methods used by publishers that may be ethically questionable, and can be described as a lie. At the end there is an attempt to investigate the level of knowledge about this treatment and its acceptance by the Internet community as a process of institutionalized lying. The author also provides some ideas how to solve this problem.

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Ponownie o adekwatnej definicji kłamstwa

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Stępnik A.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2017

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issue 64

121-138

EN

The article is a defense of my definition of lie from my paper W sprawie pojęcia kłamstwa. Tomasz A. Puczyłowski in his article O celowości kłamstwa claims that my definition is too wide, because it allows some non-verbal acts of communication as lies, and too narrow, because someone can lie without having an intention to deceive anybody. I argue that Puczyłowski’s objections are based on two false premises: (1) we cannot express the statements non-verbally; (2) if something is impossible for us, we have no intention of doing that.

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ZWISCHEN REALITÄTSBLINDHEIT, LEID UND HOFFNUNG ODER DAS GEFÄHRLICHE SPIEL MIT DER WAHRHEIT. ZUM MOTIV DER BARMHERZIGEN LÜGE IN AUSGEWÄHLTEN WERKEN DER DEUTSCHEN LITERATUR

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Jurzysta A.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2016

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vol. 10

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issue -

149-178

DE

The article is devoted to the motif of a lie in selected works by German-language writers, and the texts analysed include Friedrich Dürenmatt’s Der Blinde, Stefan Zweig’s Die unsichtbare Sammlung and Jurek Becker’s Jakob der Lügner. A lie as an element used in literature has different representations: frauds, intrigues, betrayals and purposeful deceptions are accompanied by lies invoked by fear or necessity, and what matters in evaluation of the behaviour of the protagonists that lie are the reasons and motives of their decisions. The anal-ysis included is focused on a merciful lie, a lie caused by pity, which determines significantly the course of action and the protagonists’ lives, saves their health or even life; a lie that results from good and love for other people.

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MAXIM BILLER I BERNHARD SCHLINK O KŁAMSTWIE I (CAŁEJ) PRAWDZIE W NIEMIECKIEJ LITERATURZE O HOLOKAUŚCIE

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Daroch M.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2016

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vol. 10

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issue -

305-312

PL

The dispute over German past is not reserved for historians only. You can find both “advocates of German guilt” and “bards of German suffering” (Aleida Assmann) among many German writers. In the following article I ana-lyze essays by Maxim Biller and Bernhard Schlink – authors who each has differ-ent views on such a painful for Germans past.

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ПРАВДА И ЛОЖЬ В ПЬЕСЕ МАКСИМА ГОРЬКОГО НА ДНЕ

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Kramarska D.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2016

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vol. 10

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issue -

137-148

RU

Maksym Gorkij (1868-1936) – known Russian writer, dramaturge and prose writer, who gained fame not only in Russia, but also abroad. He spent many years in exile. He was nominated for the Noble Prize. In 1902 in press ap-peared performance “The lower depths”, which holds a special place in artistic work of the author. It is a kind of fable about true and different attitude to it. The reader asks yourself question, what is better: bitter truth or sweet lie ?

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The Effect of Training on the Effectiveness of Deception Detection

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Dzida J.

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2022

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vol. 16

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issue 2(56)

23-35

EN

The research conducted aims at determining the impact of short training on the trainee’s ability to detect deception with the use of non-instrumental methods of detection of deception. As the criminal procedure permits such methods of detection of deception, the results of the research are practical. The research was carried out on a group of participants given the task to watch a video recording and conclude whether the person presented told the truth or lied. Subsequently, the participants were given a short training on both verbal and non-verbal deception cues, illustrated with examples taken from the video they had watched. In the second leg of the test, the participants watched another video and decided whether the person presented was truthful or deceptive (on the grounds of deception cues they spotted). The results showed that the training improved participants’ ability to detect deception by c. 22%.

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Linguistic Indicators in the Identification of Fake News

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Marquardt D.

Mediatization Studies

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2019

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vol. 3

EN

The issue of fake news identification was approached from the corpus linguistics and discursive studies perspective. The texts of both actual and fake news have been analysed in search of dependences that would permit the increase of the ability to determine the probability of the given news being real or fake, taking into account the discursive characteristics of the particular texts.

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PRZEMILCZANE I WYKRZYCZANE. O PRAWDZIE W DZIENNIKACH I PUBLICYSTYCE ZINAIDY GIPPIUS

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Krycka-Michnowska I.

Conversatoria Litteraria

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2016

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vol. 10

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issue -

277-289

PL

The subject of this paper are Zinaida Gippius’ diaries and her post-revolutionary opinion writing. The analysis of her texts leads to the conclusion that the writer attached particular importance to the category of truth. She thought her proclamation is a moral obligation of creators, a sign of their re-sponsibility for the word. At the beginning of the twentieth century she became a spokesperson for the notion of exceptional cultural mission of literature. In the spirit of classical Greek culture the norm became for her the unity of Beauty, Good and Truth. In numerous articles she advocated the need for the synthesis of the spiritual and material values, aesthetic and ethical ideals.

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Style komunikowania się polityków

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Otto J. G.

Studia Politologiczne

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2012

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vol. 25

259-278

EN

Political communication as a phenomenon and an external process interrelates in a particular manner with an internal world of an individual, which brings a final result in a form of particular behaviours and practical actions. The magic of a word has always been accompanying politicians. Since the goal of each authority is to win recognition and exact obedience among the governed, aiming at effectiveness of communication can be deemed a permanent aim on the political market. A politician’s communication style is influenced by two fundamental forms of communication process: verbal and non-verbal, which coincide with each other and function as elements of communication process. Politicians can be classified in terms of a degree to which they follow ideological or pragmatic justification in their actions. Such a distinction is regarded as continuum. Fully ideological politicians, who give scant attention to practical arguments, do not exist. There are no absolutely pragmatic politicians who would be completely indifferent to ideological arguments, either. This distinction results from the size of ideology’s role in a politician’s behaviour and the degree to which his behaviour is influenced by ideological arguments or pragmatic effectiveness. These two opposing manners of mental formulation of reality can be expressed in politicians’ communication styles which correspond to these manners. The type of raised issues and the way of constructing arguments will be different, so as the language expression and the degree of openness in expressing one’s own motives and intentions.

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Fejk – „fabuła z zamiarem oszukania”

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Małecki Ł.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2019

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vol. 44

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issue 2

305-312

PL

While misinformation and propaganda have existed since ancient times, their importance and influence nowadays – in the age of social media – is still not clear. Recent social and political events, such as the controversial Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom and the narrow win of Donald Trump in the U.S. presidential election of 2016, have led to a wave of interest in the phenomenon of “fake news” – described usually as a piece of fabricated information that disseminates deceptive content or distorts actual news reports, shared on social media. Despite being a new term, “fake news” has also evolved very quickly and rapidly. The present article attempts to analyze how the term “fake news” is being developed in recent years. The article characterizes this relevant social phenomenon linked to cheating, misinformation and manipulation and also proposes its classification and definition.

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Rzecz o edukacyjnym kłamstwie

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Śliwerski B., Kobierski K.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2008

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vol. 11

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issue 2

23-36

EN

The subject of the analysis is within the category of an educational lie. According to Maria Ossowska, this might be understood as either a justified or permitted misleading of someone, or the maintaining an illusion for either one’s own or another’s sake. Looking at different categories of these distortions of truth, we find that they are used not only for a child’s upbringing or the benefit of the topic, but for withholding or modifying the information about the reality or educational concept. Cheating is an example of an educational lie and it combines someone’s opinion with truth, but would be falsely incompatible with factual knowledge and truthful understanding. Pupils who cheat mislead the teacher and, in the instructor’s ignorance, are led to believe that those pupils have, in fact, knowledge reflected in the exam. Likely the teacher is being cheated as well the student for different reasons. The educational lie has another dimension (when we take into account the sham activity) the quasi teaching or the pseudo-education. This occurs when educators/teachers offer their pupils/clients something different from what should be. The pretence takes place along with the authentic process of learning or completing educational tasks.

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Stereotyp w przestrzeni symbolicznej

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Hendrykowski M.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

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2020

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vol. 27

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issue 36

5-19

EN

The subject of the article is stereotypes considered in the context of symbolic space. This redefinition and reconsideration of the complex issue of stereotypes and stereotyping of diferent kinds in art and everyday life aims at demonstrating the operational usefulness of this concept in contemporary humanistic re-ection, including the sphere of art, everyday life and various fields of scientific research.

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Kłamstwo w miejscu pracy

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Maciejewska R., Maciejewska B., Maciejewska N. M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego w Zielonej Górze

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2022

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issue 17

32-49

EN

In the process of lying, an important role is played by the interpersonal relationship as well as the social context in which the act of lying occurs. Lying in the workplace can take many forms. It may be a lie told to the employer by the employee or vice versa. It may be a lie on your CV or a lie said during an interview, a lie used as an excuse for not fulfilling your duties or the so-called white lies that are related to maintaining proper social contacts. There are many types of lies and situations in which employees can apply them. Employees lying, try to present more effectively than they really are, try to mask their own incompetence and lack of success, often because they cannot understand why they are not successful and do not know how to change their situation and finally be perceived among colleagues as a common person liked. However, as far as lying is understood as an endemic trait of society, it has rarely been a central research problem of an organization. The article presents a fragment of the results of own research conducted among employees from the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The general aim of the following study isto present lying as behavior occurring in the workplace. The source basisis an analysis of the literature on the subject and an analysis of a fragment of the results of own research.

PL

W procesie kłamstwa istotną rolę odgrywa relacja interpersonalna, a także kontekstspołeczny w jakim akt kłamstwa następuje. Kłamstwo w miejscu pracy może przybierać różne formy. Może to być kłamstwo wypowiedziane pracodawcy przez pracownika lub odwrotnie. Może to być kłamstwo w CV lub kłamstwo wypowiedziane podczas rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej, kłamstwo stosowane jako usprawiedliwienie niewywiązania się z powierzonych obowiązków lub tzw. białe kłamstwa, które są związane z utrzymywaniem prawidłowych kontaktów społecznych. Istnieje wiele typów kłamstw i sytuacji, w których pracownicy mogą je stosować. Pracownicy kłamiąc starają się prezentować bardziej efektywnie niż są w rzeczywistości, próbują zamaskować własne niekompetencje i brak sukcesu, często dlatego, że nie mogą zrozumieć, dlaczego nie odnoszą sukcesów i nie wiedzą, jak zmienić swoją sytuację, a w końcu aby być postrzeganym wśród współpracowników jako osoba powszechnie lubiana. Jednak o ile kłamstwo jest rozumiane jako endemiczna cecha społeczeństwa rzadko było centralnym problemem badań organizacji. W artykule zaprezentowano fragment wyników badań własnych przeprowadzonych wśród pracowników z terenu województwa lubuskiego. Celem ogólnym poniższego opracowania jest przedstawienie kłamstwa jako zachowania występującego w miejscu pracy. Podstawę źródłową stanowi analiza literatury przedmiotu oraz analiza fragmentu wyników badań własnych.

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Z badań nad zjawiskiem kłamstwa wśród uczniów

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Paśko J. R., Grabowska M.

Problemy Współczesnej Pedagogiki

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

43-54

PL

Kłamstwo jest jednym z powszechnych i od wielu lat aktualnych tematów. Szczególnie jest ono istotne, gdy występuje w procesie wychowywania młodego człowieka. Kłamstwo może być rozpatrywane w różnych aspektach, którymi mogą być: aspekt moralny, prawny, a nawet filozoficzny. Z tego powodu podjęto badania nad zjawiskiem kłamstwa wśród uczniów. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że kłamstwo jest zjawiskiem powszechnym, a pobudki jego stosowania są w większości przypadków egoistyczne. Dorośli, głównie rodzice i nauczyciele, uświadamiają, że kłamstwo jest działaniem nagannym. Natomiast uczniowie, zdając sobie sprawę z negatywnej oceny kłamstwa, często się nim posługują ale sami nie chcą być okłamywani. Dlatego wydaje się, że należy eliminować w procesie wychowywania nie samo kłamstwo, gdyż jest to nieskuteczne, a przyczyny kłamstwa.

EN

For many years, lying has been a timely topic. It is especially important if it is present in the process of a young person’s upbringing. A lie can be analysed in many different ways including: moral, legal and even philosophical. That is why studies on the lying among pupils have been carried out. Based on the conducted studies, it can be concluded that lying is a common phenomenon, and the reasons for it are mostly egoistic. Adults, mainly parents and teachers, raise awareness among children and inform them that lying is reprehensible. On the other hand, students, while being aware of the negative nature of the lie, use it often. That said, they themselves do not want to be lied to. That is why it seems that the sole act of lying should not be forbidden in the upbringing as it is not that common. What should receive more attention are the causes of lying.

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Problematyka kłamstwa a pragmatyczny nurt w edukacji. Analiza dzieła pedagogicznego Bolesława Kaprockiego „Kłamstwo w szkole”

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Kraszewski C.

Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media

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2021

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vol. 8

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issue 2

9-25

EN

Bolesław Kaprocki was teacher in the 1930s and after II World War. In 1938, he wrote „School’s lies”. This book was never reprinted. His academic achievement are almost unknown. In „School’s lies” Kaprocki describes the problem of lies committed by students. He studies the social and biological origins of lies. He distinguish 2 types lies: unthruth and lie of will. The child’s false statements under the influence of animism are of an „untruth” type. „Lie of will” is commited consciously and accompanied by specific goal. A lie must be considered individually and socially. The most common source of lies is fear of the consequences. The author of the article analizes the problem of lie and Kaprocki’s pedagogical program from a pragmatic perspective, pedagogical trend and philosophical position represented by John Dewey. In pragmatic philosophy, the approach to thuth is flexible. Generally, utility is the measure of truth. This flexibility has its limits. Dewey analysed objective historical and social processes. According to Dewey, when social system change, the awareness of society changes. Magical thinking in primitive people helps them explain natural processes. In the course of social and economic development, magical thinking is replaced by science. A similar evolution concerns the development of the child’s cousciousness. Kaprocki was much inspired by Dewey’s pragmatism and idea of experimental teaching. He postulated an individual approach to the student. He took into account the student’s interests, imagination and his intellectual, moral and biological development. A similar method should detect lies. Kaprocki proposes solutions to counteract lies. He examines the impact of different types of punishment. He rejects corporal and natural punishment. He proposes „a moral punishment”. Punishment should appeal to conscience and stimulate moral development. Enforcing this punishment requires consistent bahavior of the educator. Teacher must possess authority. Kaprocki also touched upon the problem of racial segregation. According to Kaprocki, the course of intellectual development is different in representatives of various races. This creates conflicts among the students. This problem is moral if we accept Herbart’s assumption that the development of intelligence determines morality.

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Relacja z udziału w programie" 21st Century Changemakers. Trend Leaders Promote Social Media Discernment among Youth Departamentu Stanu USA"

Ложь как коммуникативный феномен (в контексте болгарской и русской лингвокультуры)

„Фейк” - современное лицо масс-медийного обмана

Kilka uwag na temat oceny prawdomówności wypowiedzi w procesie karnym

Jak przekonać Kanta do kłamstwa? Aporie imperatywu kategorycznego

Dezinformacja społeczeństwa realizowana przez media internetowe a jej społeczna akceptacja

Ponownie o adekwatnej definicji kłamstwa

ZWISCHEN REALITÄTSBLINDHEIT, LEID UND HOFFNUNG ODER DAS GEFÄHRLICHE SPIEL MIT DER WAHRHEIT. ZUM MOTIV DER BARMHERZIGEN LÜGE IN AUSGEWÄHLTEN WERKEN DER DEUTSCHEN LITERATUR

MAXIM BILLER I BERNHARD SCHLINK O KŁAMSTWIE I (CAŁEJ) PRAWDZIE W NIEMIECKIEJ LITERATURZE O HOLOKAUŚCIE

ПРАВДА И ЛОЖЬ В ПЬЕСЕ МАКСИМА ГОРЬКОГО НА ДНЕ

The Effect of Training on the Effectiveness of Deception Detection

Linguistic Indicators in the Identification of Fake News

PRZEMILCZANE I WYKRZYCZANE. O PRAWDZIE W DZIENNIKACH I PUBLICYSTYCE ZINAIDY GIPPIUS

Style komunikowania się polityków

Fejk – „fabuła z zamiarem oszukania”

Rzecz o edukacyjnym kłamstwie

Stereotyp w przestrzeni symbolicznej

Kłamstwo w miejscu pracy

Z badań nad zjawiskiem kłamstwa wśród uczniów

Problematyka kłamstwa a pragmatyczny nurt w edukacji. Analiza dzieła pedagogicznego Bolesława Kaprockiego „Kłamstwo w szkole”