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EN
The purpose of this study was to define and to describe the semantic components of the stimulus word humour in the linguistic consciousness of young Russian-speaking people from Eastern Ukraine. The main method of the research was a psycholinguistic experiment. The sample comprised 400 young people (aged 20-31), males and females being equally represented. The experiment proved that the concept humour in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine is represented by four core semantic clusters: “laughter,” “joke,” “merry-making/joy” and “show.” Analysis of female and male associative fields shows that the semantic core of the word humour does not depend on the respondents’ gender identification. The results of frequency and cluster analysis have implied a number of the following conclusions. Firstly, humour and laughter form an inseparable unity of stimulus and reaction in the linguistic consciousness of respondents, although the psychological paradigm considers humour and laughter as two independent phenomena. Secondly, the cognitive component of humour was only reflected in the peripheral cluster “mind” of respondents’ associations. Thirdly, young Russian-speaking people from Ukraine do not have an ideal image of humour represented by a certain comedy show or relevant to any specific comedians. The generalised visualisation of humour is represented by reactions of the extreme periphery. Finally, comparative analysis of the verbalised concept humour in the linguistic consciousness of Russian-speaking population of Ukraine and people who live in Russia did not reveal any national-specific features in the perception of stimulus humour.
EN
The aim of the study is to present attributive adjectival collocations, categorizing the concept ”love” in contemporary Russian linguistic and cultural space. On the basis of semantic analysis of 130 excerpted exemplary collocations it must be stated that the realization of the concept under discussion within the analyzed language units is the result of crossing of the concept „love” with the concepts „space”, „time” and „values”, which have their semantic realization in the collocations under study. It should be emphasized that the analysis of semantics of specified collocations would not be possible without paying attention to a human being - his emotional and spiritual world, system of standards and values, as well as the feeling of love. That is why an anthropocentric paradigm has been taken into consideration in the description of the excerpted linguistic material.
EN
This paper has been inspired by social sciences. According to Stanisław Ossowski, social consciousness is the sum of ideas, opinions and convictions shared by a society. Every community has the ability to construct its own language ideologies (denoted in Polish by the term świadomość językowa ‘language awareness’). The paper describes how the part of social consciousness that is related to the language, was reflected in Polish press after the regaining of the independence. Attitudes towards variation and all the other linguistic phenomena seem to have been influenced by the previous partition of the country, and regional and political stereotypes. View of the language was based on both linguistic knowledge and the common opinion. The paper attempts to demonstrate that social consciousness consists largely of general and mutually exclusive opinions which a more detailed analysis does not support. Notwithstanding, these convictions do have an indirect influence on the development of the language.
EN
This article explores the concept of the SOUL based on slang and prison culture. The starting point for the argument is the belief that the soul symbolizes the man and his inner being (from the presence of high moral and ethical qualities to statements of spiritual death) in all cultures, as evidenced by the presence of a large number of phraseological and paremiological units with identical values. The purpose of the study is to consider and characterize the linguistic objectification of the concept of the soul. The conducted comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the perception of this concept among the Slavic and Turkic peoples is largely matching. The concept of the soul in all comparable languages is multilayered, in which cognitive traits are reflected, corresponding to the semantic components of the tokens representing it. The presented variety of semantic and conceptual variations facilitates the modelling of a wide interpretation field of this concept.
PL
W artykule przeanalizowano szczegółowo osobliwości przekładu z języka cerkiewnosłowiańskiego na staroukraiński oraz cechy językowe zabytku z 1607 r. Лѣкарство на оспалый оумислъ чоловѣчїй…, który uporządkował (dobrał teksty Joana Złotoustego i cesarza Bazylego) i przetłumaczył Demjan Naływajko. Ustalono, że jako protografy dla przekładu posłużyły teksty staro-cerkiewno- -słowiańskie, a nie greckie. W doborze elementów językowych odpowiadających oryginałowi cerkiewnosłowiańskiemu Demjan Naływajko wykorzystywał przede wszystkim ówczesny literacki język ukraiński, w zabytku ujawniono bowiem niewiele lokalnych ukraińskich cech dialektalnych. Zaakcentowano również, że znaczny udział w tłumaczonej części zabytku zajmuje polszczyzna.
EN
The article analyzes the peculiarities of the translation from Church Slavonic to the Ukrainian language and the linguistic features of the written historical text of 1607 Medicine for Male Sufferers, which was edited (selected parts were extracted by Ivan Zolotovust and Tsar Vasily) and translated by Demyan Nalyvayko. It was established that the sources for translation were texts in the Church Slavonic, not the Greek language. When selecting common-sense correspondences to the Church Slavonic original, Demyan Nalyvayko used the most contemporary Ukrainian book language. Local Ukrainian dialect features are little found. The Polish component is a significant proportion of the translated part.
PL
Opracowanie stanowi kontynuację badań opinii na temat pozycji języka polskiego w świecie. Przeprowadzono je wśród 664 studentów Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej i Politechniki Śląskiej. Artykuł dotyczy pytań otwartych: „Dlaczego obcokrajowcy uczą się języka polskiego?” oraz „Czy Polska może mieć jakieś korzyści z faktu, że inni znają nasz język i posługują się nim?”. Respondenci dostrzegają utylitarną, marketingową, ale i poznawczą wartość języka, jako klucza do kultury, tradycji i mentalności. Popularyzację polszczyzny wśród obcokrajowców uznają za pożyteczną dla wizerunku kraju i dla rozwoju gospodarczego. Ankieta pokazuje zróżnicowanie w poglądach na potencjał ekonomiczny języka i kultury, związane w pewnym stopniu z profilem i kierunkiem studiów.
EN
The article continues discussion of the results of the attitude research conducted among students of the Jagiellonian University, University of Wrocław, AGH University of Science and Technology, Silesian University of Technology. This paper examines two open-ended questions of the survey: 1) what is the main motivation of foreigners for learning Polish (from the point of view of native speaker); 2) whether the fact that foreigners speak our language provides any real benefits to us. The respondents realise not only practical, market but also symbolic value of language. In students’ opinion language gives a huge insight into culture and tradition, it is considered to impact on image of the country and its economic development. The attitudes of the students towards language seemed to be related to some degree with their field of study.
Język Polski
|
2017
|
vol. 97
|
issue 3
19-34
PL
Artykuł omawia wyniki badań sondażowych przeprowadzonych wśród studentów kierunków humanistycznych i ścisłych uczelni z Krakowa, Gliwic i Wrocławia. Ich celem było sprawdzenie, jakie są wyobrażenia i sądy na temat znaczenia języka polskiego w świecie. W ankiecie zadawano zróżnicowane pytania: o pozycję polszczyzny w Unii Europejskiej ze względu na liczbę użytkowników, o nauczanie polskiego jako języka obcego i egzaminy certyfikatowe oraz o zadania polityki językowej państwa. Zebrany materiał pokazuje nie tylko wiedzę studentów i ich opinie, ale ujawnia poziom świadomości językowej wyrażający się w docenianiu bądź niedocenianiu potencjału własnego języka. Badania sprawdzały też trwałość pewnych stereotypów wśród młodzieży, takich jak zagrożenie języka przez wpływy obce lub wizerunek polszczyzny jako języka trudnego.
EN
The article discusses the results of a survey conducted among students of humanities, science and technology studies in Cracow, Gliwice and Wrocław. Young people have been polled in order to find out their opinion on the status of Polish in the world. They were asked various questions: about the position of Polish in the ranking of EU languages, learning Polish as a foreign language, state certificate examinations and issues of language policy in Poland. The survey showed not only the knowledge and opinion of students but also revealed the scope of linguistic consciousness demonstrated in evaluating or undervaluing the potential of their language. The research examined the permanence of stereotypes as well, such as the threat of negative influence of foreign languages or the idea that Polish is a very difficult language.
EN
The categories of linguistic-social objective grammar, which include the categories of language, speech, communicative, language and speech personalities with verbal-semantic, cognitive, pragmatic levels, as well as categories of language / cognitivelanguage, national-cognitive picture of the world and others, are considered. The main units are morphological word, syntactic word, phrase, sentence, statement, text, the number of which is wider, taking into account various discourses, their organization, discursive practices. Linguistic-social objective grammar is based on the differentiation of morphological and syntactic levels, their various aspects.
PL
W skład obiektywnej gramatyki językowo-społecznej wchodzą, m.in. kategoria językowa, kategoria mówienia czy kategoria komunikacyjna z poziomami werbalno-semantycznym, kognitywnym czy pragmatycznym, a także kategorie językowego/ kognitywno-językowego, narodowo-kognitywnego obrazu świata i in. Podstawowymi jednostkami są wyraz morfologiczny i wyraz syntaktyczny, związek wyrazowy, zdanie, wypowiedzenie, tekst z uwzględnieniem różnorodnych dyskursów, ich organizacji, dyskursywnych praktyk. Obiektywna gramatyka językowo-społeczna opiera się na rozróżnieniu poziomów morfologicznego i syntaktycznego, ich różnych aspektów.
EN
The article analyzes the axiological characteristics of emotions of the group „Compassion” as verbalized in Russian. The author explicates the influence of hedonistic and moral assessment upon the conceptualization of these emotions in the linguistic consciousness of the Russians.
RU
В статье проанализированы аксиологические характеристики эмоций группы „Сочувствие”, объективированные в русском языке. Эксплицировано влияние гедонистической и моральной оценки на концептуализацию этих эмоций в русском языковом сознании.
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