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Project management and entrepreneurship competences

100%
Tamberg T., Kuura A., Soosaar R.
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2021
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vol. 8
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issue 55
EN
Competence frameworks are increasingly used in several practice fields and have been an object of research. A typical development trend has been encapsulation into a particular field, not considering the developments in related fields. Similarly, in research, learning from neighbouring disciplines has been rare. Yet, during the past decade, there have been several attempts at linking essentially related disciplines in practice, such as entrepreneurship and project management. This is a reaction to the trends in the labour market – a growing demand for people with diverse competences. In this context, converging different fields via competences deserves more attention. This paper compares the competences required for project managers and entrepreneurs; in addition, it explores the possibilities for mutual enrichment, contributing to further linking of project management and entrepreneurship conceptually. The cross-examination of competences for entrepreneurs (The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework or EntreComp) and for project managers (International Project Management Association's Individual Competence Baseline [IPMA-ICB]) reveals some quite significant, but also weak, correlations. The linguistic approach used has natural limitations, as different terms have been used to convey the same concepts. Thus, a relational linguistic analysis and conceptual analysis have also been applied. The main implication is the recommendation to integrate core project management competences into competence models for entrepreneurs. A natural progression of this work is to build a common competence model for entrepreneurs and project managers.
2
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Odpowiedzialność za umieszczenie odesłań w Internecie w świetle orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej

89%
Porzeżyński M.
Themis Polska Nova
|
2017
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issue 1(12)
64-85
EN
Undoubtedly linking is one of the technologies that constitute a basis of the web. Links are most commonly used for indication of the place of content in the richness of the internet. However, they can also be used for illegal actions concerning communication of works protected under copyright. Legality of linking depends on the classification whether they are communicating such work to the public in the meaning of art. 3 (1) of Directive 2001/29/WE. Court of Justice of European Union in its case law referred to the interpretation of the communication to the public and propose additional characteristics which can be useful for analysis of hyperlinks. In the most recent cases CJEU highlighted that in the era of the internet, a comprehensively harmonized EU copyright law is the key issue. There are still many problems with its interpretation. The CJEU undertook to solve this issue and proposed a new approach in the range of communication to the public, and maybe, whole copyright law – application of the new mental element. It is indicated that its use as to the hosting services could put an end to the illegal internet businesses in the range of copyrighted works. However, proposed change raises as many questions as it solves.
3
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Freedom to link in the light of European copyright law

88%
Mejri F.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2022
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vol. 7
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issue 1
232-247
EN
Freedom to link became an issue as early as 2014 when the European Court of Justice issued its first ruling in this regard. Due to the Directive 2001/29/EC doubts arose as to how linking could be understood as an act of public communication. However, the issue is still current and controversial, also due to the way it has been regulated and interpreted under European law. It should be noted that linking is an important activity not only in terms of copyright, but also falls within the scope of protection of freedom of expression. Therefore, it is crucial to discuss this issue from the perspective of these two aspects.
4
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Ráz ve španělštině, italštině a portugalštině českých mluvčích

63%
Obstová Z., Šturm P., Skarnitzl R., Čermák P., Hricsina J.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2022
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vol. 104
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issue 2
159-176
EN
Glottal stops placed before words starting with a vowel are an integral part of the sound patterns of Czech; however, in Romance languages glottal stops are quite rare and linking to the previous word is much more common. In this study, we examine the extent to which more and less experienced Czech learners of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese (51 in total) use glottal stops or linking in their target language, and compare them with native speakers (29 in total). Analyses of word- and also morpheme-initial contexts reveal that the glottal stop is transferred into the learners’ target language word initially but almost never within words. In line with our hypotheses, the more experienced groups are found to use fewer glottal stops than the less experienced speakers, but still considerably more than the native control groups. We also consider the effect of lexical stress, segmental context and semantic status of the respective words on glottalization. Methodological implications for the teaching of Romance languages in the Czech context are also discussed.
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