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Člověk a stroj v české kultuře 19. století

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The article argues that a rethinking of the idea of concretization, which in Roman Ingarden’s book Das literarische Kunstwerk (1931) changes the identity of literary work, is transformed into a subject of structural literary history in Jan Mukařovský’s interpretations of Karel Hynek Mácha’s work (1936). The author describes the act of transformation with reference to a debate on Ingarden’s phenomenological aesthetics in which René Wellek criticizes the philosopher’s non-historical point of view and his whole concept of literature.
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The essay mentions Černý’s hostile relationship to Jan Mukařovský, sums up its causes, and recapitulates the texts in which Černý comments on Mukařovský’s works and on structuralism in general. On the basis of these texts, the author concludes that Černý’s contributions on the topic of “structuralism” betray an a-priori polemic bias and show that his reading of structuralist works was slightly superficial. However, these texts should not be interpreted purely as an expression of personal antipathy. Černý’s critique of structuralism points out its resignation on value judgement. According to Černý, this lack leads to the inability of structuralism to turn to criticism or literary history. The author analyzes Černý’s understanding of these two disciplines, and tries to point out the deeper causes of the polemics. The core of the dispute still seems valid today.
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The paper offers several remarks on the history of cultural mediation and cultural mediators in connection with the current state of Czech literary studies in France. Within the given field, more and more productive also in the area of Central European Studies, there are several research programs conducted in France, repeatedly including topics from Czech literature.
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The paper focuses on some aspects of Arne Novák’s practice of criticism in the 1910s, especially on the issue of applying a historical perspective while judging contemporary literary production. The transformation of this perspective in the confrontation with newborn avant-garde concepts (completing the vision of a better future with the appraisal of past-time literature, above all the Czech poetry of the second half of the 19th century) is the corner-stone of Novák’s traditionalism. The performed analyses indicate, nevertheless, that the proclaimed program of the return to the tradition does not establish the ‘traditionality’ as a particular demand laid out in the reviewer’s practice; it is rather the foreknowledge that the tradition is just happening in the contemporary Czech literature.
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This study strives to bring to the attention the context of literary history findings concerning the troubadour song “Farai un vers de dreit nien” and his supposed author. The analysis discusses the scientific debate of the historical identification of the song’s author, its chronological placement and the song’s attribution among other author’s texts. It reexamines parts of the song proposing several considerations derived from the historical and literary context that might offer interesting perspectives for the interpretation of the song.
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2_Through the close analysis of Prokůpek´s fiction, his correspondence and preceding interpretations of both the man and his work, this article serves as one model for how this historical polarization might finally be overcome. In his fiction, Prokůpek never strays from the perspective and problems of the struggling Czech farmer, and the central contention of this article is that Prokůpek´s work, his response to the Occupation and to the post-1948 government is best understood as both a defence and an active realization of the farmer´s approach to life.
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This paper attempts to present the literary studies community amongst others with the current state of the national retrospective bibliography and related issues, and to initiate a debate on the subject. The introduction defines the term "national retrospective bibliography" and subsequently presents a comparative summary of European retrospective bibliographies, their electronic processing and the provision of access to them, with particular attention being paid to Central Europe. Attention then focuses on the Czech national retrospective bibliography, its structure (i.e. its division into separate individual projects) and in particular its current technical and methodological issues, for which a definition is attempted and a possible solution is offered.
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