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EN
The article surveys the most important samizdat literary magazines published in Wrocław in 1976–1989. Apart from outlining the profile of each of those magazines it also presents a unique group of literary publications which, though not part of the underground press, were not subject to the censor’s clearance. Finally, the article considers the aims, the methods and the effects of the Security Service operations aimed at penetrating the editorial teams of the underground magazines
Świat i Słowo
|
2023
|
vol. 41
|
issue 2
433-448
EN
The article is an attempt to reconstruct the influence of texts that appeared in the magazine “Fantastyka” (later “Nowa Fantastyka”) in the 1980s and 1990s on the introduction of the concept of “fantasy” to Polish literary culture. The analysis included not only theoretical and literary publications (sometimes translations from other languages), but also popular science and essay writings, editorials and readers’ letters. All of them seem to prove that the “birth” of “fantasy” in Poland was a spontaneous and multidimensional process-an example of authentic literary life, engaging not only critics and authors, but also the literary audience in the meta-literary discourse.
RU
В статье представлены контакты русского писателя польского происхождения Сигизмунда Кржижановского с литературными журналами первых десятилетий существования Советской России. Кржижановский, как представитель авангарда и польский дворянин, встретился с политически мотивированным запретом на печать. Большая часть его работ была впервые опубликована только в период перестройки. Однако некоторые из его небольших произведений появились на свет благодаря литературным журналам. Цель статьи - представить социальнополитическую ситуацию, в которой оказался автор, и очертить баланс сил, преобладающий в литературной жизни того времени.
EN
The article presents the contacts of Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky, a Russian writer of Polish origin, with literary magazines of the first decades of Soviet Russia. Krzhizhanovsky, as a representative of the avantgarde and the Polish nobleman, met with a politically motivated ban on printing. Most of his works were published for the first time only during the period of perestroika. Some of his smaller works, however, saw the light of day thanks to literary magazines. The aim of the article is to present the socio-political situation in which the writer found himself and to outline the balance of power prevailing in the literary life of the time.
RU
Современная критика предпринимает новые методы для создания привлекательных и широко читаемых текстов. Автор настоящей статьи пытается выявить инновационные тенденции в русскоязычных литературно-критических текстах, публикуемых в престижных журналах. Русские литературные журналы обычно считаются высшим интеллектуальным показателем русской культуры. Тем не менее, последние тексты, опубликованные в литературных журналах, подразумевают агрессию, инвективы и различные лингвистические элементы, характерные для непрофессионального критического дискурса. Поэтому возникла необходимость проанализировать новые идеи, изменяющие традиционную литературную критику в литературных журналах.
EN
Modern contemporary criticism undertakes new methods to create attractive and widely readable texts. The author of the hereby article attempts to identify innovative trends in Russian literary criticism texts published in prestigious magazines. Russian literary magazines are commonly regarded as the highest intellectual indicator of Russian culture. Nevertheless, recent texts published in literary magazines imply aggression, invectives and various linguistic elements typical for unprofessional critical discourse. Therefore, there appeared the need to analyse new ideas altering traditional literary criticism in literary magazines.
EN
“Oficyna Poetów” was aliterary and cultural magazine published in London by Polish-born émigré couple, Krystyna and Czesław Bednarczyk. After World War II they settled in Great Britain, and almost immediately started private printing press. That periodical was one of their biggest projects. “Oficyna…” was one of few magazines published abroad devoted to Polish literature and art. During communism era it was aplace where Polish authors could publish not being afraid of repercussions or censorship. The magazine also integrated Polish intelligentsia around the world and was some kind of alternative for “Kultura” published in Paris. During the years the owners of “Oficyna Po­etów iMalarzy” developed their skills and machine park of the press. Struggling from low budget and lack of support they still managed to maintain very high aesthetical level of their hand-made prints. The article is devoted to graphic and typographic form of the periodical. The Bednarczyks were editors, designers, typesetters and printers at the same time. They put great effort in selection of paper, print quality and acquired the most talented émigré illustrators to cooperate in “Oficyna…”. Aesthetic form of the magazine, as well as its cultural impact on Polish society in Great Britain can be sapid for researchers interested in emigration culture, literary magazines and niche printing movement in Great Britain.
EN
The year of the fall of the Berlin Wall is an important turning point in the history of the 20th century Europe. It symbolises the erosion of the communist system, which in Poland had began thirteen years earlier – with breaking the omnipotence of censorship by the independent self-publishing. When in 1989 the Opposition came to power, they changed both the economic and political system, which in turn changed the whole Polish culture – the book market, publishers’ position, function of the magazines, and even writers’ status. The readers’ first reaction was a sudden increase of interest in the emigrant, gulag, and underground literature, however, not even a decade passed, when that interest started fading. Then came the second wave: popular literature (romances, crime stories, thrillers, speculative fiction). Also, there were changes in the literary life: the dominant role of the capital city during the Polish People’s Republic had been undermined by local initiatives (including art zines, publishing houses in the provinces), “the headquarters’” position was nevertheless maintained by the state television and the authority of the Nike Literary Award, which had been created in 1996. Poetry was dominated by “the old poets” (Cz. Miłosz, T. Różewicz, Z. Herbert, W. Szymborska), who, despite nearing the ends of their lives, were in an exceptionally good literary shape. They were accompanied by the authors of The New Wave, with whom the poets of “BruLion” group soon waged war. In prose, the writers born around 1960, who are well-known today in Europe (e.g. O. Tokarczuk), gained a strong position. The world recognition was also won over by the masters of the Polish reportage (e.g. R. Kapuściński, H. Krall) and their pupils (W. Tochman, W. Jagielski, M. Szczygieł).
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