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EN
The article reminds scholarly achievments and educational merits of Ryszard Łużny (1927-1998), professor of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and the Catholic University of Lublin. Prof. R. Łużny was an outstanding historia of old-Russian, Russian and Ukrainian literatures, an expert on Slavovic East’s culture. Prof. Łużny was an independent scholar, he dealt with problems usually omitted In literary studies in totalitarian times. Among those issues most impartant were ties between culture of Slavonic East, especially Russian culture and Christian tradition (Russian religious thought, Russian folk religious epic poetry, etc.). Ryszard Łużny’s scholarly thought still inspires contemporary historians of literature of Slavonic East’s nations.
EN
The situation of death in Old Believers’ hagiography The article was written based on Old Russian and Old Believers’ literature. The author plac­es special emphasis on the Old Believers’ Hagiography, especially on the Ural-Siberian Paterik (created in the 1940–1990s), which was recently discovered by Siberian scientists. The author is researching the structure and topic of a plot situation related to dying of a saint or an ascetic. A complex of the key motifs, that define the death situation, is revealed. Amongst them is the motif of mystery, prophecy and the prediction of saint’s own death. It was noted that the topos of disease is of great importance — a detailed presentation of the physical suffering of the person. The motif of prayer and Communion was described next. It has been noted that the presentation of thedeparture of a saint is accompanied by his visions of afterlife. In addition, the theme of a “quiet demise” (death depicted as falling asleep) and few posthumous toposes, such as the transfiguration of a face after death or imperishable relics and miracles associated with them, were distinguished. It is noted that the revealed motifs, that are intrinsic to the plot topic, are reflected in the oeuvre of the leading Russian authors.
PL
Okoliczności „umierania”w hagiografii staroobrzędowców Artykuł napisano, opierając się na dziełach literatury staroruskiej oraz twórczości staro­obrzędowców. Skoncentrowano się na hagiografii staroobrzędowców, a przede wszystkim na Pateryku Uralsko-Syberyjskim (stworzonym w latach 1940–1990), niedawno odkrytym przez syberyjskich uczonych. Badaniom poddano strukturę i tematykę wątków fabularnych związa­nych z „umieraniem” świętego lub ascety. Wybrano zbiór motywów kluczowych dla przedstawień sytuacji śmierci. Spośród nich wyłoniono motyw tajemnicy, proroctwa oraz przewidywania przez świętych własnej śmierci. Zauważono, iż ogromne znaczenie przypisuje się toposowi choroby — szczegółowemu przedstawieniu cierpienia fizycznego chorego. Następnie opisano motywy mo­dlitwy i przyjmowania komunii. Odnotowano, że przedstawieniu odejścia świętego towarzyszą jego wizje życia pozagrobowego. Ponadto wyróżniono motyw „cichego odejścia” (śmierć przed­stawiona jako zasypianie) oraz kilka toposów pośmiertnych, takich jak zmiana wyglądu twarzy zmarłego czy niezniszczalne relikwie oraz wiążące się z nimi cuda. Zauważono, iż wskazane motywy, charakterystyczne dla danego narodu, znalazły swoje odzwierciedlenie w twórczości czołowych pisarzy rosyjskich.
EN
This article is devoted to the scientific interests of Professor Ryszard Łużny, which covered such domains as Russian folklore, Old Russian literature and culture, 17th and 18th-century Russian literature, 19th-century Russian literature and religious-philosophical thought, contemporary Russian literature, history of the Russian and Ukrainian-related domains within Slavic Studies as well as Belarusan literature and culture. As proved by the author, Łużny was particularly attracted by these Ukrainian texts which dealt with religious or philosophical problems, and which were literary representations of the Belarusan spirituality. In Ryszard Łużny's view, Belarusan culture is an integral part of the East-Slavic cultural heritage, autonomous and authentic in its value.
EN
The РНБ, F.IV.151 manuscript is the third volume of a richly illustrated his­toriographical compilation (so-called Лицевой летописный свод – Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible), which was prepared in one copy for tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in 1568-1576 and represents the development of the Russian state on the broad background of universal history. The aforementioned manuscript, which contains a description of the history of the Roman Empire and then the Byzantine Empire between the seventies of the 1st century A.D and 919, includes also an extensive sequence devoted to Muhammad (Ѡ Бохмите еретицѣ), derived from the Old Church Slavonic translation of the chronicle by George the Monk (Hamartolus). It is accompanied by two miniatures showing the representation of the founder of Islam. He was shown in an almost identical manner as the creators of earlier heterodox trends, such as Arius or Nestorius. These images therefore become a part of the tendency to perceive Muhammad as a heresiarch, a false pro­phet, and the religion he created as one of the heresies within Christianity, which is also typical of the Old Russian literature.
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