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EN
The article discusses paratexts of Polish translations of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which make up large translation series of respectively 14 and 7 texts. The corpus of the article includes almost all Polish translations of the two novels. The analysis has revealed features characteristic of the paratextual framework of the novels. The most striking one is a nonchalant approach to authorial paratexts, especially to its most significant type such as the preface. While the preface is absent from the majority of the editions of Mark Twain’s Przygody Tomka Sawyera (11 out of 18), none of the Polish renderings of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn analyzed includes Twain’s Notice and Explanatory. As for translators’ and editors’ paratexts, they are generally rare and modest; a rich paratextual framework is characteristic of the editions for pupils in the series of „well-prepared reading” (Lektura dobrze opracowana). Most of these paratexts, however, can raise objections due to their quality and pedagogical and didactic usefulness. Summing up, the paratextual framework of the analyzed translations shows that the two novels are in the Polish context addressed almost exclusively to young readers while critical editions are absent. This taps into the reception of Mark Twain in Poland as well as publishing, editorial and marketing practices related to children’s literature, in particular to the obligatory reading from the primary school canon.
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2018
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vol. 72
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issue 1-2(320-321)
PL
Przedmiotem analizy jest miłość romantyczna jako szczególne doświadczenie młodego bohatera literatury okresu romantyzmu. Autorka przeciwstawia się rozpowszechnionemu w badaniach historycznoliterackich ujmowaniu miłości romantycznej jako li tylko literackiej konwencji czy stylizacji albo pozy bohatera romantycznego, a więc jako wymysłu literackiego pozbawionego wartości poznawczych. Wykazuje, że łącząc warsztat badacza literatury z warsztatem psychoanalitycznym można dostrzec w miłości romantycznej wyraz pewnych istotnych, a nawet prekursorskich odkryć psychologicznych. Analizy autorki wykrywają w doświadczeniu miłości romantycznej określone reminiscencje wczesnodziecięcej przeszłości emocjonalnej bohatera związanej z osobą matki, przeszłości, która u każdego człowieka, mimo że zazwyczaj znika z pamięci świadomej, zachowuje się w pamięci nieświadomej i wpływa na całe dalsze życie.
EN
This analysis focuses on Romantic love conceived as a particular experience of the young protagonist in literature from the era of Romanticism. The author opposes the interpretation of Romantic love – widely disseminated in studies on the history of literature – as a mere literary convention, stylisation or pose of the Romantic protagonist, i.e. a literary concept devoid of cognitive values. In doing so she demonstrates that while combining the workshop of the researcher dealing with literature and the psychoanalytical workshop it is possible to perceive Romantic love as an expression of certain essential and even precursory psychological discoveries. The author’s analyses discover in experiencing Romantic love distinct reminiscences of the protagonist’s emotional past going back to early childhood and connected with the mother figure; this is a past that in the case of each person is retained in unconscious memory and impacts a whole life despite the fact that it usually vanishes from conscious memory.
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Nie potrafię tego powiedzieć

100%
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2018
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vol. 72
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issue 1-2(320-321)
93-96
PL
Refleksje na temat niewyrażalnego, niewysłowionego. Autor dzieli „niewysłowione” na sekcje: niewypowiedziane – to czego nie da się powiedzieć; nieopisane – to czego nie da się opisać, i te dwie kategorie można zawrzeć w słowie „niewyrażalne”, którego granice nie są takie same dla wszystkich. Istnieje niewyrażalne uniwersalne, które jest poza czasem, ale istnieje też niewysłowione właściwe tylko naszej epoce.
EN
Reflections about the inexpressible and ineffable. The author divides the “ineffable” into sections: the unutterable – something that cannot be said, and the indescribable – something that cannot be described, two categories than can be contained in the word: ”inexpressible”, whose boundaries are not identical for all. There exists a universal “inexpressible”, which remains outside the two categories and time, but there also exists an “inexpressible” characteristic only for our epoch.
EN
The aim of my paper is to analyse the cognitive and ethical aspects of selected literary and film depictions of disabilities. Based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of sociology of literature and critical discourse analysis, I set out to demonstrate how selected literary and film works depict situations and problems related to social inclusion of people with disabilities. I focus on two questions: 1) How do artistic creations build able people’s knowledge of the social situation and position of people with disabilities? 2) What ethical problems can such depictions involve?
PL
The aim of my paper is to analyze cognitive and ethical aspects of selected literary and film depictions of disabilities. Based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of sociology of literature and critical discourse analysis I set out to demonstrate how selected literary and film works depict situations and problems with social inclusion of people with disabilities. I concentrate on two questions: 1) How do artistic creations build non-disabled people's knowledge of the social situation and position of people with disabilities? 2) What ethical problems can such depictions involve?
EN
Stanisław Vincenz’s monumental work Na wysokiej połoninie [On the High Mountain Pastures] can be analysed in the context of civilisational transformations that took place at the turn of the 20th century in highland regions. Carpathian highlanders, including the Hutsuls, for centuries had cultivated traditions going way back in time, to the Hellenic herding culture (values like subordination to the laws of nature and God, freedom, highland time, autumn knowledge, dialogue, unique understanding of space). The development of capitalism and influence of urban culture brought with them a possibility of coming into contact on a large scale with a worldview representing a different way of looking at issues fundamental to the individuals and entire community. Thus Vincenz’ tetralogy is set at the frontier of epochs, cultures and mentalities (views of the world, impressions of the world). The present article aims at interpreting Vincenz’ work in the context of a category that is extremely popular in the humanities, namely frontier or borderland as well as Kenneth White’s category of geopoetics, which is attracting more and more “followers”.
EN
Drawing on the numerous benefits of integrating literature in the EFL classroom, the present paper argues that the analysis of a fictional work in the process of foreign language acquisition offers a unique opportunity for students to explore, interpret, and understand the world around them. The paper presents strong evidence in favour of reader-centered critical reading as a means of encouraging observation and active evaluation not only of linguistic items, but also of a variety of meanings and viewpoints. The authors propose a model of teaching critical thinking skills focused on the reader’s response to a literary work. The practical application of the method, which adopts the critical literacy approach as a tool, is illustrated through a series of activities based on the poem “If” by Rudyard Kipling.
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EN
This study follows on from previous research on the “ancien time régime” (to around 1800) by R. Koselleck and A. Assmann. It examines representations of eternity in exempla, legends and other texts. The basic motif of these texts is the break with the time, i.e. the situation where the mortal man enters a different time regime (such as paradise) and spents there a seemingly a short time, while, in fact, hundreds of years have passed. The study describes the basic types of these tales (song of the bird, wedding, vision, etc.) and analyses their common motifs.
PL
The paper deals with the portrayal of bureaucracy in Gehen, ging, gegangen (2015) by Jenny Erpenbeck, a novel that explores the European migrant cri-sis through the eyes of Richard, a recently retired professor of classics, who begins to interview refugees in Berlin. Erpenbeck’s work is a compendium of refugees’ stories, a novel about displaced persons in kafkaesque bureaucratic situations. The author describes two worlds, which ostensibly have nothing to do with each other : that of the widowed classical philologist and the young men from Guinea, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Mali. Their lives and mindscapes are fundamentally different from one anothers. While Richard occupies himself more and more intensely with the refugees by giving help and German les-sons, the reader becomes increasingly familiar with a much bigger problem relating to the fact that these young men are not allowed to work or travel: the German bureaucracy and the legislation of the European Union have damned them to idleness. Without any real prospects, they simply hang around together, sometimes with more and sometimes with less patience.
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Česká moderna

80%
EN
First of all, the study differentiates between the concepts of “modernism” and “progress”, emphasizing that modernism is always linked to disruption of existing values and discovery of “low realness of reality” (Lyotard), while progress is based on the idea of a continuing upward process. Th e Czech Modernism in 1880’s and early 1890’s crystallized in heated polemic clashes that passed from science into politics. Literary works set the ideological sphere in motion, the art turbulently reflected political events, the science destructed national mythology, which had been so far perceived as constitutive for the whole national community. Literature and criticism experienced a radical turning point, which was obvious for instance in the shift toward the image of an individual losing identity and being exposed to destructive pressure of society. The Czech Modernism Manifest of October 1895 marks the end of mutual influence of oppositional forces. The extensive proclamation attempted to summarize the up-to-date literary, social and political debate and accentuated the social progress of different forces. The study explores individual streams that mingled in the proclamation: the Masaryk-type criticism (realism), cultural and social attempts of progressive movement and position of young literary critics. The common platform emerged from weaknesses of individual streams but as soon as some relative point of consolidation of the Czech society was reached, the specific features of various spheres came forth.
EN
The main aim of this article is to discuss ways of presenting Cities in fantasy novels. Because of the breadth of issues were chosen most characteristic performance. The author hopes to present the most important methods of submit ways of making Cities in fantasy novels.
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Content available

Literatura w przestrzeni miasta

80%
EN
The subject of the city is discussed by researchers in various fields. The following article considers the influence of literature on urban space. The author attempts to catalogue multiple aspects of the presence of literature in a city. This is illustrated by the examples from Warsaw and also other Polish cities. The final part contains the results of a survey which could contribute to further studies of cultural elements in urban space.
EN
Michał Głowiński, who has been so far perceived primarily as a distinguished literary critic, well known for his analysis of the communist newspeak, is also the author of autobiographical narratives. The article analyzes certain aspects of Głowiński’s writing, such as the characters, time, space, fragmentariness, contexts and language. After almost sixty years of silence, in his texts Głowiński uncovers the layers of memory which come from “the epoch of gas chambers”. He does it in order to face the trauma of the Holocaust.
EN
The author of the article examines the beginnings of the national or, more broadly, state ideologisation of the mountains, using as an example Karkonosze or the Giant Mountains, which undoubtedly come to the fore in the case of the popularisation of mountain tourism. Already in the second half of the 18th century a chapel dedicated to St. Lawrence was built on the summit of Śnieżka, becoming straight away a pilgrimage destination and launching tourism in this mountain range. Just as quickly the Giant Mountains were ideologised as border mountains unique in the state to which it partially belonged — the Kingdom of Prussia. Authors describing Silesia’s highest peaks in the Enlightenment period (including J.T. Volkmar, J.E. Troschel, E.F. Buquoi and J.Ch.F. GutsMuths) did refer to Swiss models, yet they showed the Giant Mountains as the highest range in Silesia and Prussia, stressing the exceptional role and nature of this mountain range. Throughout the 19th century the ideological appropriation of the Sudetes’ highest range continued, acquiring in the early 20th century a virtually grotesque dimension, a manifestation of which was the equation of the Spirit of the Mountains with the ancient pan-Germanic god Wotan, known from old tales and poems and, more recently, from Richard Wagner’s music dramas.
EN
In this article, focusing herself on the selected publicist texts by Franciszek Bahuszewicz, the authoress drew her attention to the role and significance of the descriptions of nature, its landscapes and the surrounding reality. The motifs and issues connected with nature and included in the correspondence helped to emphasize varied experiences in a particular period of time, in a concrete geographical sphere.
EN
Drawing on the numerous benefits of integrating literature in the EFL classroom, the present paper argues that the analysis of a fictional work in the process of foreign language acquisition offers a unique opportunity for students to explore, interpret, and understand the world around them. The paper presents strong evidence in favour of reader-centered critical reading as a means of encouraging observation and active evaluation not only of linguistic items, but also of a variety of meanings and viewpoints. The authors propose a model of teaching critical thinking skills focused on the reader’s response to a literary work. The practical application of the method, which adopts the critical literacy approach as a tool, is illustrated through a series of activities based on the poem “If” by Rudyard Kipling.
EN
In this paper, I approach to the relationship between the art and the democracy via discussion of two histories of Yugoslav literatures. I propose and try to defend a thesis that both accounts of the history of Yugoslav literatures synchronize temporalities of the different national literatures, reducing thereby differences between them. Both histories substantialize Yugoslav literature as a remnant of the lost community. They argue that immediacy of that community had dissolved into the variety of nations, which led separate lives under the rule of empires. In the name of that mythical past, heterogeneous temporalities are synchronized to the single temporal flow. However, the similar substantializing operation and synchronization is present in the more recent concept of (post)-Yugoslav literature.
EN
The author describes numerous bans placed on the literature and culture of Ukrainian Baroque in the period of totalitarianism. She argues that there is still an acute need to make a new approach to the literature of the Baroque and Romanticism eras, especially to the works by such outstanding authors as Taras Shevchenko, Mykola Gogol, Mykola Kostomarov, Panteleimon Kulish, Ivan Franko, Alexander Potebnja, Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky. Ukrainian Romanticism, as depicted by the author, is in fact different from the European one in many respects, despite the fact that it knows “romantic irony” or bizarre, surrealistic perception of the world.
EN
In the article the relationship of Borges’ poetics and theology is analysed. To this end, the authors selected three stories which address a large timeline ranging from the Middle Ages to the present day. To address them properly, the necessary references to the historical context are made. Fundamentally, this analysis shows that to Jorge Luis Borges God transcends any system.
EN
This article describes the characteristics of postpartum depression (PPD), its etiology and reasons for making this phenomenon a taboo in contemporary culture. The author analyses cultural representations of postpartum depression, which she sees as one of the most important factors contributing to the phenomenon of removing the masks of motherhood (S. Maushart), growing in force at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Referring to selected examples from contemporary literature, and contextually also to film (including E. Şafak, N. Fiedorczuk, M. Susdorf, D. Barker,E. Atef), the author discusses the psychological and socio-cultural determinants of PPD, emphasising not only biological, but the mainly existential dimension of this experience and its strong connection to the contemporary norms of femininity and motherhood.
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