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Facta Simonidis
|
2015
|
issue 8
223-234
PL
Artykuł opisuje wojnę domową o podłożu etnicznym w państwie środkowej Afryki – Rwandzie, która miała miejsce w 1994 roku. Przyczyną konfliktu i tragicznych wydarzeń była wrogość pomiędzy plemionami Hutu a Tutsi, które doprowadziły do największego ludobójstwa w dziejach powojennego świata. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie roli jaką odegrały specjalnie powołane instytucje karne oraz organizacje humanitarne w przywróceniu pokoju na kontynencie afrykańskim.
EN
The article describes ethnic based civil war in the Central African State– Rwanda, which took place in 1994. The cause of the conflict was the hostility between the Hutu and Tutsi that led to the largest genocide in the history of the post- war world. The objective is to present the role played by especially appointed criminal institutions and humanitarian organizations in restoring peace on the African continent.
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63%
EN
This paper examines cultural aspects of the crime of genocide. Although the concept of cultural genocide was rejected by the drafters of Genocide Convention in 1948, the notion appears from time to time in international discourse. It was associated with colonization process and forced assimilation of indigenous people, however some commentators also use it to describe policies of modern states towards minority groups living on their territories. International framework for the protection of minorities and indigenous people can be seen as a substitute for the legal concept of cultural genocide, however the scope of the protection offered by these two areas – international criminal law and human rights law – is substantially different. Yet, cultural considerations play a subsidiary role within binding understanding of genocide, which is reflected in the jurisprudence of ad hoc criminal tribunals, as they help to establish the specific, genocidal intent and to define the outlines of the groups protected. Supporters of the notion point out, that cultural genocide can perform another important role – evidence of cultural genocide should be treated as an early warning that can contribute to prevention of mass atrocities. This is especially important in the light of recent development of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine. To conclude, the international crime of genocide will probably remain limited to the physical and biological dimension, as there is no will of states to expand the notion, however its cultural aspects should not be neglected.
EN
In death all people are equal – death will affect every individual, regardless of age, gender or social status. Nobody will escape from it. However, sometimes it happens that death is not a natural course of life, but it is a meticulously prepared plan of extermination of one ethnic group by another one. Jean Hatzfeld dedicated four reportages to the Rwanda genocide; they include reports of the genocide victims and their torturers. That evil, which affected more than one million victims, has set its stamp on Rwandans. Death is omnipresent in their memories and it is visible that there is no way to free themselves from it.
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