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PL
Ludwik Osiński – professor-aesthete. An attempt to valorize the comparative literature lectures The article is an attempt to give a broad outline of the profile of Ludwik Osiński as a literature lecturer at the Warsaw University. Over the centuries, the author of Zbiór zabawek wierszem has been accused of: lack of originality in concluding, imitativeness, deficiency of qualifications characteristic for a university lecturer, and finally, disapproval for transformations taking place in literature. The purpose of the article is to answer the question about the Osiński’s position among the scientists of the Congress Kingdom. Moreover, this paper is also an attempt to verify the slightly understated, still taken over and reproduced judgements about unilateral and definitely negative attitude of scientists towards the critical legacy of the author of Zbiór zabawek wierszem. When assessing the aesthetic and literary achievements of Ludwik Osiński, two points of reference were determined; the first one is the heritage of Antique, and the other one – the European literary doctrines developing in the 2nd half of 18th and the beginning of 19th century. In the exemplification, the author of the article subjects a fragment of the Osiński’s course (Wykład literatury porównawczej, czytanej w Uniwersytecie Warszawskim, [The lecture of comparative literature, read at the Warsaw University]) devoted to lyrical poetry to research review. A detailed presentation concerns a few issues, mainly the attitude to the antique tradition and the European literary doctrines, as well as understanding of the rules of evaluating and valuing of literary works.
EN
The paper is an overview of some achievements of Lodz Polish-speaking literary circles in the interwar period. The point of reference is the poetic output of Artur Glisczyński. Closer analysis includes lyrical poetry of four poets of the interwar period: Maria Przedborska, Mieczysław Braun, Witold Wandurski and Konstanty Dobrzyński. The author of the text analyzes the diversified poetics of Lodz artists and the impact of interwar art on their literary output. The main topic of reflection is, however, the city, its space, inhabitants and related motifs.
PL
Artykuł jest przeglądem osiągnięć łódzkiego polskojęzycznego środowiska literackiego w okresie międzywojennym. Punkt odniesienia stanowi twórczość poety Artura Glisczyńskiego. Bliższej analizie poddana została liryka czworga tworzących w dwudziestoleciu poetów: Marii Przedborskiej, Mieczysława Brauna, Witolda Wandurskiego oraz Konstantego Dobrzyńskiego. Autor tekstu przygląda się zróżnicowanej poetyce łódzkich artystów oraz wpływowi sztuki dwudziestolecia międzywojennego na ich twórczość. Głównym tematem refleksji jest jednak miasto, jego przestrzeń, mieszkańcy i motywy pokrewne.
EN
Jan Brzechwa, best-known as a popular children’s writer, has quite a rich literary output of adult stories. The poet started his literary career during the interwar years. It was during that specific period that he wrote his first books of poetry: Oblicza zmyślone (1926), Talizmany (1929), Trzeci krąg (1932), Piołun i obłok (1935). Part of his previously published poems were issued again in the 1950s in three further editions of The Selected Poems and again as Liryka mego życia (The Lyric Poetry of My Life), the latter being released posthumously. Besides previously published poems, it included ones which had not been released before. The author of the article on The Reception of Jan Brzechwa’s poetry for adults presents reception of his poetry from the two abovementioned collections through literary criticism. She says that Brzechwa’s poetry has been given either positive and negative feedback, though. This does not change the fact that Brzechwa’s early oeuvre let us scrutinize how his writing techniques developed and evolved throughout his career as a poet.
EN
Lyrical poem is normally split in two parts, one of which presents some experience, and another comprises discovery of an important, usually general truth. It is the latter one which is foregrounded in lyrical discourse, while the former one serves to prepare the relevant discovery. The paper is concerned with one characteristic property of the foreground in lyrical poetry, which is high integrity of the author’s conscience. A quantitative test for such an integrity is proposed, and text counts are presented, which show how significantly foreground tends to differ from background in this respect. In conclusion, some promising perspectives of further research are outlined.
PL
Integralność świadomości autora jako znak głównego planu dyskursywnego w wierszu lirycznymPowieść liryczna jest zazwyczaj podzielona na dwie części, z której jedna opisuje jakieś doświadczenie a druga zawiera odkrycie ważnej, zazwyczaj prawdy ogólnej. Właśnie ta druga część znajduje się na bliższym planie w dyskursie lirycznym, natomiast część pierwsza ma za zadanie przygotować do istotnego odkrycia.     Artykuł porusza charakterystyczną dla planu bliższego w poezji lirycznej kwestię, którą jest znacząca spójność sumienia autora. Zaproponowana została analiza ilościowa tejże spójności. Przedstawione obliczenia ukazują jak znacznie, w tym wypadku, plan dalszy dyskursu lirycznego ma tendencję różnić się od planu bliższego. W podsumowaniu określone zostały obiecujące perspektywy dalszych badań.
EN
The author devotes attention to four pieces from the poetic cycle Erotics (Erotyki, 1779) of Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, cleary inspired by a few scenes from romantic thread of Tancred and Clorinda in epic poem Godfrey or Jerusalem Delivered (Gofred abo Jeruzalem wyzwolona, 1618) by Tasso‑Kochanowski. The context of consideration are reflections which concern interest in baroque work and characteristic cult of Italian artist, lively in Poland until romanticism. The goal of detailed analysis is to capture multiple signals of connections between Kniaźnin’s rococo lyrics and paralel fragments of seventeenth‑century translation. In the poem’s plot these relations concern meetings of Christian knight with beautiful pagan, his behaviour in these situations, statements which he addressed to both living and departed Clorinda and also the dream in which he was haunted by ghost of the loved woman. Comparative steps aim at determining how epic material was used and processed in the amorous poetry of good taste”.
EN
The article presents a certain tradition in the Russian classical lyrical poetry, which originates in the motif of a lyrical subject’s taking his leave of St. Petersburg – and reflecting on this parting. The lyrical plots and the poetics of such poems have been subject to evolution in the course of the 19th and the 20th century and developed into a number of typical forms; in the 21st century these forms have been in interaction and various poets have been using them. The article brings the analysis of the lyrical cycle Parting with St. Petersburg by Fiodor Gorodov, an amateur poet publishing on the Internet. The cycle constitutes an interesting realization of the genre and successfully brings together all its main varieties.
RU
В статье представлена традиция русской классической лирики, сложившаяся на основе мотива расставания лирического героя с Петербургом – и рефлексии этого события. Сюжеты и поэтика таких стихотворений в XIX–ХХ вв. эволюционировали и создали ряд типовых форм; в XXI в. они взаимодействуют и используются разными авторами. Анализируется лирический цикл Прощание с Петербургом Ф. Городова, сетевого поэта-любителя, успешно и интересно отображающего и сопрягающего в целое все основные разновидности жанра.
EN
This article presents an analysis of Václav Renč’s lyrical poetry from the period of his imprisonment by the Communist regime in 1951–1962. From Renč’s extensive collection of prison poems (including such lyrical-epic compositions as Cinderella of Nazareth, first published in book form in 1969; Prague Legend, 1974; and Loretan Light, 1992; as well as several poems collected in Meeting with the Minotaur, 1969) we take a look at the nineteen poems Renč included in an anthology of his works from 1941–1962 under the title Lark Tower (1970). To the section of lyrical texts from the years 1951–1962 the poet gave the title Without Echoes. In particular, the study focuses on how Renč’s lyrical poetry from the period of his imprisonment builds upon his previous critically acclaimed poetry, simultaneously aiming to address the question of what makes this work unique. The unique quality can be found in the formal precision of the texts, which represents the poet’s effort to maintain his moral integrity and identity while in prison, while at the same time, by virtue of carefully constructed allusions to the verses of certain poets with whom Renč had worked as a poet and translator before his imprisonment, strengthening his sense of inner freedom. A key starting point for the aesthetic composition of the prison poems is the combination of various expressive and often elementary contradictory motifs, perspectives or attitudes, a process typical of prison poetry in general. In Václav Renč’s poetry, this initial moment is re-envisioned on the principle of the so-called lyrical dichotomy, which, on the basis of subtle gradational and compositional techniques and intersections, connects distinctive opposites into subtle poetic images. However, this is not the expression of a selfcentered aesthetic game, but an attempt to articulate — and cope with — a new and exacting life situation. In this way, Václav Renč’s poetry, which had always been characterized by its compositional and figurative rigor, would later become more austere in its semantics, at the same time gaining in intensity, depth and reach.
PL
Artykuł w kompozycji i przesłaniu wykorzystuje formę dyptyku. Część pierwsza to egzegeza filologiczna i kulturowa jednego wersu wiersza Cypriana Norwida Moja ojczyzna, skupiona na interpretacji wyrażenia poetyckiego „klucz Dawidowy usta mi otworzył”. Część druga zawiera wspomnienie z osobistych spotkań autora na gruncie studiów polonistycznych z profesorem Marianem Maciejewskim. Całość zwieńcza fascynacja zjawiskiem Norwid, wspólna dla całego środowiska Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego.
EN
In its composition and message the paper uses the form of the diptych. Part One is a philological and cultural exegesis of one verse of My Homeland by Cyprian Norwid that is focused on the interpretation of the poetic expression “David's key has opened my mouth”. Part Two contains a memory of the author's personal meetings with Professor Marian Maciejewski held on the ground of Polish studies. The whole is crowned by fascination with the phenomenon of Norwid that is common for the whole circle of the Catholic University of Lublin.
EN
The author devotes attention to four pieces from the poetic cycle Erotics (Erotyki, 1779) of Franciszek Dionizy Kniaźnin, cleary inspired by a few scenes from romantic thread of Tancred and Clorinda in epic poem Godfrey or Jerusalem Delivered (Gofred abo Jeruzalem wyzwolona, 1618) by Tasso‑Kochanowski. The context of consideration are reflections which concern interest in baroque work and characteristic cult of Italian artist, lively in Poland until romanticism. The goal of detailed analysis is to capture multiple signals of connections between Kniaźnin’s rococo lyrics and paralel fragments of seventeenth‑century translation. In the poem’s plot these relations concern meetings of Christian knight with beautiful pagan, his behaviour in these situations, statements which he addressed to both living and departed Clorinda and also the dream in which he was haunted by ghost of the loved woman. Comparative steps aim at determining how epic material was used and processed in the amorous poetry of good taste”.
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