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EN
Objectives Manicurists are exposed to various chemicals in nail and skin care products and may develop ocular, nasal, respiratory or skin adverse reactions to them. To investigate the occurrence of ocular, nasal, respiratory and skin problems among manicurists and to identify their causal factors, particularly allergic etiology and occupational origin. Material and Methods Manicurists employed in beauty salons in the central region of Poland were invited to fill in the questionnaire and undergo medical examination, skin prick tests with common aeroallergens, patch tests with European Baseline Series and (Meth)Acrylates Series-Nails and spirometry. Results In the questionnaire adverse nasal symptoms were reported by 70%, ocular – by 58%, respiratory – by 42%, hand eczema – by 43% of manicurists. In the medical interview, the frequency of those complaints was lower: nasal ones – 41%, ocular – 24%, cough – 18%, hand skin dryness – 20%, hand eczema – 6%. Cough and hand skin dryness occurred significantly more frequently than in the case of controls. Contact allergy was found for 41% of manicurists and 35% of controls. The prevalence of nickel sensitization was high in both groups (38% and 27%, respectively). Only 3 manicurists reacted to (meth)acrylates. The frequency of atopic diseases was similar in compared groups. Irritant nasal and respiratory reactions were significantly more prevalent among manicurists (nasal – 18% vs. 2%, p < 0.01; respiratory – 18% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). Work-related nasal irritant reactions were finally diagnosed for 19%, ocular ones – for 13%, respiratory – for 18% and within hand skin – for 23% of manicurists. Conclusions The frequency of workattributed irritant mucosal and skin symptoms among manicurists is high. Exposure to acrylates is an important source of mucosal irritant reactions while occlusive gloves cause irritation of hand skin. The prevalence of nickel allergy among Polish females is high. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):887–896
EN
In recent years occupational skin and respiratory diseases have been more and more frequently diagnosed in small production and service enterprises. The awareness of occupational exposure and its possible health effects among their workers and employers is not sufficient. Beauty salons, in addition to hairdressers and beauticians, frequently employ manicurists and pedicurists. The workers often happen to perform various activities interchangeably. The health status of beauty salons workers has rarely been assessed. The most numerous reports concern hairdressers. In this occupational group, the occurrence of skin lesions induced by wet work and frequent allergy to metals, hair dyes and bleaches and perm solutions has been emphasized, while information about health hazards for being a manicurist or pedicurist in beauty salons is seldom reported. The aim of this paper is to present professional activities (manicure and pedicure, methods of nail stylization), occupational exposure and literature data on work-related adverse health effects in manicurists and pedicurists. Wet work and exposure to solvents, fragrances, resins, metals, gum, detergents may cause skin disorders (contact dermatitis, urticaria, angioedema, photodermatoses), conjunctivitis, anaphylaxis, respiratory tract diseases, including asthma. The discussed occupations are also associated with the increased incidence of bacterial (particularly purulent), viral and fungal infections and cancer. Med Pr 2013;64(4):579–591
PL
W ostatnich latach choroby zawodowe skóry i układu oddechowego rozpoznaje się coraz częściej w małych zakładach produkcyjnych i usługowych. Wśród pracowników i pracodawców tych zakładów wiedza na temat narażenia zawodowego oraz ewentualnych skutków zdrowotnych wynikających z tego narażenia jest niewystarczająca. W salonach fryzjersko-kosmetycznych oprócz fryzjerów i kosmetyczek zatrudnione są również manikiurzystki i pedikiurzystki. Często te same osoby wykonują zamiennie różne usługi. Ocenę stanu zdrowia pracowników tych salonów prowadzono rzadko. Najwięcej opisów dotyczy fryzjerek i fryzjerów. Podkreślano występowanie zmian skórnych spowodowanych pracą w środowisku mokrym oraz bardzo częste uczulenia na metale, środki do barwienia i odbarwiania włosów oraz płyny do trwałej ondulacji. Z kolei informacje o skutkach zdrowotnych pracy osób zatrudnionych na stanowiskach manikiurzystek i pedikiurzystek w zakładach fryzjersko-kosmetycznych są nieliczne i fragmentaryczne. Celem pracy jest prezentacja wykonywanych czynności (manikiur i pedikiur kosmetyczny i leczniczy, metody stylizacji paznokci), narażenia zawodowego oraz danych literaturowych o niepożądanych reakcjach chorobowych, związanych z pracą na tych stanowiskach. Praca w mokrym środowisku oraz narażenie na rozpuszczalniki, środki zapachowe, żywice syntetyczne, metale, gumę, barwniki, detergenty może stwarzać ryzyko powstawania zmian skórnych (kontaktowe zapalenie skóry, pokrzywka, obrzęk naczynioruchowy, fotodermatozy), zapalenia spojówek, reakcji anafilaktycznych i chorób układu oddechowego, w tym astmy. W zawodach tych możliwe są również infekcje bakteryjne, zwłaszcza ropne, oraz wirusowe i grzybicze, a także choroby nowotworowe. Med. Pr. 2013;64(4):579–591
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