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EN
The essay is an attempt to consider the relation between center and margins. The author refers to the strategy of re-treating proposed by Tadeusz Sławek and to the gesture of closing eyes. Raised by Wolfgang Welsch concept of a "culture of the blind spot" is also very important - it shows how processes of centralization and marginalization works. The author refers to the ideas of Marquis de Sade, Giorgio Agamben, Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari, and Karen Barad in order to analyse two characters who become conceptual personas - the homeless and the refugee. According to them, it becomes clear, that the relation between center and margins is an apparatus. The author points out, that such a relation doesn't really exist, and suggests that we rather should reconsider the world in categories of community and intra-actions.
EN
Castlings in the margins: A change of perspective (Ewa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk, Sztuka marginesów. Chorwacki plakat polityczny (The Art of Margins. The Croatian Political Poster), Warszawa–Kraków: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – Libron, 2018, 324 pages)Review of the scientific monograph “Sztuka marginesów. Chorwacki plakat polityczny” (The Art of Margins. The Croatian Political Poster) by Ewa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk (Warszawa–Kraków: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – Libron, 2018, 324 pages). Roszady na marginesach – zmiana perspektywy (Ewa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk, Sztuka marginesów. Chorwacki plakat polityczny (The Art of Margins. The Croatian Political Poster), Warszawa–Kraków: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – Libron, 2018, 324 ss.)Recenzja monografii naukowej „Sztuka marginesów. Chorwacki plakat polityczny” autorstwa Ewy Wróblewskiej-Trochimiuk (Warszawa–Kraków: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – Libron, 2018, 324 ss.).
EN
Most African societies are constructed as patriarchal and consequently structured around a hegemonic conception of masculinity. The male gender stands as the embodiment of authority and a symbol of power and privileges. But, since about the middle of the eighties, and for reasons ranging from economic difficulties, political crisis and war to the quest for educational and professional fulfillment, people from different African communities and countries have been voting with their feet, migrating to different countries of Europe and America. On arrival in their different countries of destination, they find themselves confronted with a different kind of social relations. Men in particular find themselves consigned to the margins of their new societies, with all the powers and privileges they had become used to almost completely abrogated. In short, they discover that they have to adjust to a form of masculinity that can only be described as subordinate. Recent Nigerian works of fiction focusing on the theme of transnational migration have con­tinued to reflect on this situation. The authors of these works have, among other issues, continued to explore the condition of Nigerian males existing at the edges of their new societies in the diaspora, articulating the untold agony they suffer and the crisis of adjustment they experience. My focus in this paper then lies in the exploration of the perspective of transformed masculinities in Nigerian migrant fiction, focusing specifically on Ike Oguine’s A Squatter’s Tale.
PL
Celem niniejszego eseju jest ponowne przemyślenie takich pojęć jak ideologia, sprawczość i opór, aby sproblematyzować sposób, w jaki są one instrumentalizowane przez państwa narodowe w celu stworzenia hierarchicznych kategorii różnicujących pod pojęciem obywatelstwa. Aby zająć się ideą inności, która podtrzymuje dyskursy powstałe wokół obywatelstwa jako elementu nie tylko legitymizującego istniejący system, ale także tożsamości i podmiotowości, które mogą, ale nie muszą, stanowić część głoszonej normy. W trakcie tej podróży zaprezentowane zostaną inne sposoby podejścia do tych pojęć z punktu widzenia tożsamości z marginesu, bez zamiaru głoszenia nowych prawd czy definicji omawianych pojęć, ale z zamiarem podjęcia próby uwidocznienia istniejących luk w systemie oraz tego, jak możemy budować na tych „granicach” i dzięki nim.
EN
This essay aims to rethink concepts such as ideology, agency and resistance in order to problematise how these are being instrumentalised by nation states to create hierarchical differentiating categories under the umbrella of citizenship. In order to address the idea of otherness that sustains the discourses that have been generated around citizenship as an element that not only legitimises the existing system, but also the identities and subjectivities that may or may not form part of the enunciated norm. Through this journey, other ways of approaching these concepts from and for the identities of the margins will be presented, with the intention not to enunciate new truths or definitions of the concepts addressed, but to try to make visible the existing gaps in the system and how we can build on and thanks to these „borders”.
EN
The article indicates the features of space ascribed to the literary protagonists who can be regarded as outsiders. Three types of figures of an “outsider out of necessity” have been selected: a rogue/scoundrel, a homosexual and a chav. For each of these figures-and they are characteristic for the Polish latest prose-distinctive dominant space is attributed, which defines, in different ways, and simultaneously brings out the limiting one-dimensionality and, tragic in its expression, the seclusion associated with the condition of “outsiders out of necessity”. With reference to a rogue/scoundrel especially important is flattening (certain “one-dimensionality”) of the disintegrating landscape. In the case of homosexuals there dominates a closed space of one’s own house (flat). For chavs, in turn, characteristic are labyrinth-like districts of urban ghettos.
EN
In the postmodern period we are dealing with many manifestations of marginaliza-tion, the understanding of which requires the use of a different language and different categories than those employed during the high phase of modernity. Giving an axiological meaning to the manifestations of marginalization in art is a comparatively recent phenomenon, a product of modernity. Divisions of art before and after its autonomization occur according to different rules. The article recounts the views of J. Habermas, C. Greenberg, and J. F. Lyotard on the central and the marginal in art, and it asks the question about their usefulness today in analyzing the phenomena of the marginal. To understand the ongoing paradigmatic change it might be advisable to consider the reflections of D. Mersch, who points out the ambivalent status of the concept of art and the avant-garde, which permits us to vindicate other concepts, for example that of the rearguard (arrière-garde). The age of modernity produced and already partly overcame the totalizing discourse on art, which condemned whole areas of artistic activity to exclusion. The size of the margins seen from this perspective turns out to be variable and dynamic, which calls into question the practice of giving an axiological meaning to the concept. The arguments for the change in thinking that take place in late modernity is the positive appreciation of events and individual experiences, the phenomena of the ephemeral as understood by G. Böhme, and the return to the idea of the whole built on different foundations.
PL
W epoce ponowoczesnej mamy do czynienia z wieloma przejawami marginalizacji, których zrozumienie domaga się użycia innego języka i innych kategorii niż w latach rozkwitu moder-nizmu. Nadanie aksjologicznego znaczenie przejawom marginalności w sztuce jest zjawiskiem stosunkowo młodym i jest wytworem modernizmu. Podziały w sztuce przed jej autonomizacją i po jej przekroczeniu przebiegają według innych zasad. W tekście przypomniano poglądy J. Habermasa, C. Greenberga, J.F. Lyotarda na temat tego, co w sztuce centralne i marginalne, by następnie zadać pytanie o ich przydatność do analizy zjawisk marginalności obecnie. Do zrozumienia dokonującej się zmiany paradygmatycznej pomocne być mogą refleksje D. Mer-scha, który zwraca uwagę na ambiwalentny status pojęcia sztuki i pojęcia awangardy, co po-zwala rehabilitować inne kategorie, jak na przykład pojęcie ariregrady. Epoka modernizmu wytworzyła i częściowo już przezwyciężyła totalizujące dyskursy o sztuce, które skazywały na wykluczenie całe obszary działalności artystycznej. Obszar marginesów widziany z tej per-spektywy okazuje się zmienny i dynamiczny, co stawia pod znakiem zapytania nadawanie znaczenia aksjologicznego pojęciu marginesów. Argumentami za dokonującą się zmianą w myś-leniu w okresie późnej nowoczesności jest pozytywne dowartościowanie zdarzeń i doświad-czeń jednostkowych, zjawisk efemeryczności, jak u G. Böhme, a także powrót do zbudowanej na innych podstawach idei całości.
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