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EN
The paper examines the power of corporate social responsibility to reduce information asymmetry and to act as a marketing instrument in the banking sector. Trust is the most important asset of a bank. Therefore, banks are motivated to use the most effective instruments to diminish information asymmetry with their stakeholders. The fact that cash disbursements in CSR actions are not directed towards shareholders makes them more valuable signals to other stakeholders regarding the financial soundness of the bank. The empirical study conducted based on limited dependent variable models supports the effectiveness of the CSR as marketing instrument in banking. It reveals the circumstances associated to a higher probability of an active CSR policy conducted by a banking institution. The results support the hypothesis that in the banking sector CSR is perceived as an instrument which helps stakeholders reduce information asymmetry. As marketing instrument, CSR contributes to increasing the tangibility of the banking products, decreasing their perceived variability and thus making them more attractive for the clients and allowing for differentiation between competitors.
EN
Nowadays, each of us, wherever he may be, will always be influenced by external impulses. Their purposeful use fits into the field of marketing. Merchandising, which falls within its scope, includes a set of tools thanks to which store owners can influence the purchasing behavior of consumers. Merchandising techniques give a kind of psychological advantage over consumers, which is used to increase store turnover. One of them is "Biedronka", chosen by the vast majority of Poles. "Biedronka" is a leader among discount stores and continuous modernizations not only contribute to its success, but also increase its advantage over others. The purpose of the work is to show the standards and merchandising solutions used in the "Biedronka" chain stores and show, that they are not universal, but suited to the location and demographic conditions. The research method consists of two parts. The first of these requires a literature review about the significance of merchandising and the techniques and standard solutions used in various types of stores. This allows for further - practical - analysis of the "Biedronka" chain stores.
PL
Artykuł ma charakter badawczy. Na podstawie wywiadów przeprowadzonych techniką CATI z 1035 mieszkańcami Cieszyna (555 respondentów) oraz Czeskiego Cieszyna (480 osób) rozpoznano, jak działania instytucji kultury z obszaru marketing mix są postrzegane przez odbiorców oferty kulturalnej dostępnej w podzielonym granicą mieście Cieszyn-Czeski Cieszyn. Przeprowadzone badania dowodzą, że instrumenty marketingowe instytucji kultury zlokalizowanych zarówno po polskiej, jak i czeskiej stronie miasta Cieszyn-Czeski Cieszyn zostały pozytywnie ocenione przez jego mieszkańców. Tym samym można przyjąć, że instrumenty dotychczas stosowane przez te podmioty mogą mieć zastosowanie w procesie kształtowania długotrwałych relacji z odbiorcami oferty kulturalnej zlokalizowanymi po obu stronach granicy.
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