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EN
The main purpose of this paper is to explore the different ways in which materials are used to deceive, the reasons behind these practices, and what they say about society. Starting off from the premises that by choosing a medium one also implies a message due to the inherit personality of the materials, we will first take a swift look at the history of deceiving through artistic practices. Further on we shall take into consideration the shift in paradigm noticeable in contemporary design as we explain the motivations and the strategies behind creating objects that seem made out of plastic and yet they are not. Touching on subjects such as sustainable design and commodification, we will try to conclude whether the eco-friendly design is indeed working or if it is just another successful marketing strategy.
EN
Corpora provide teachers and materials developers with the ability to ensure that the instructions they use in class and in teaching materials correctly reflect natural use. This paper examines the ways in which grammar reference books and two types of EFL/ESL materials present the past perfect aspect and whether they do so accurately. It will be argued that there are several issues concerning how these books present the grammar point. Many of the books surveyed provide incomplete explanations of when and how the form is used and several contain usage guidelines that are not supported by available corpus data. The paper ends with several recommendations to improve how the form is presented to teachers and learners.
Research in Language
|
2018
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1
113-133
EN
Corpora provide teachers and materials developers with the ability to ensure that the instructions they use in class and in teaching materials correctly reflect natural use. This paper examines the ways in which grammar reference books and two types of EFL/ESL materials present the past perfect aspect and whether they do so accurately. It will be argued that there are several issues concerning how these books present the grammar point. Many of the books surveyed provide incomplete explanations of when and how the form is used and several contain usage guidelines that are not supported by available corpus data. The paper ends with several recommendations to improve how the form is presented to teachers and learners.
EN
Aim. The purpose of this qualitative research is the preparation, implementation and evaluation of a sample lesson focused on the selection of the subject of religion for the German courses taught in universities. The second purpose of this research is to contribute to international understanding between peoples with different religious beliefs. Methods. This research pertaining to religion is qualitative in nature. In this research, the document analysis technique was used. The research on the subject of religion was taken up during the 2021/2022 academic year in my selective German courses at the Hacettepe University. Results. The successful contribution of the lesson planning model mentioned in this article was also observed in the teaching activities in primary and secondary schools conducted earlier. It was also seen that the students who attended the German courses in connection with education or work in Europe. Conclusions. It was observed that the participants talked about Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism. It is important to remark that the interest of the participants in German lessons still continues. Therefore, effective lesson planning models and unique methods should be further developed. Originality. German language courses are offered as a foreign language learning practice in Turkish schools, private institutions and universities as elective foreign language courses. Students from all the departments of the university may attend the elective German language classes. To conduct the German courses effectively, a suitable method should be developed which will help the participants who come from different countries and students with different levels of fluency.
EN
Introduction. Occupational exposure to potentially infectious material (PIM) is a serious problem for healthcare workers, including medical students. Aim. We assessed the state of knowledge about occupational exposure and frequency of exposure among students of selected medical faculties in Poland. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis with proprietary questionnaires. Results. Only 34.5% from 753 respondents correctly indicated bloodborne pathogens and 9.3% PIM. There were 84 reports of exposure, mostly during intravenous injections. 10.4% students claimed probable occupational exposure which was not reported. Most common reason for not reporting was fear of negative supervisor reaction. Conclusion. Student’s knowledge of this matter is poor. Significant percentage of students has never participated in occupational exposure training. Occupational exposure was experienced by surprisingly large number of students. Students are afraid to report the incidents. Additional education would be useful in reducing exposure risk.
EN
The text is devoted to the problem of materiality in the perspective of transmedial artistic practices. The object of special interest is the principle of rapprochement between the medium and non-artistic matter, shown on examples of art that intentionally strengthen its relationship with various materials (so-called matter painting), and on the example of art that to a greater extent is subjected to the processes of dematerialization (hyperrealism, conceptualism). In the works of such painters as Antoni Tàpies, Jean Dubuffet, Lucio Fontana turning to non-literary materials leads to an interesting tension / rapprochement between the materials and the medium. It brings a retreat from the idealistic aesthetics and ahistorically treated matter, and opens up to non-antropocentrically captured objects. In the case of Jeff Wall’s post-conceptual photography, the principle of closeness draws attention to the ability of photography to annex various media. Transmediality, as it manifests itself in both Wall’s paintings of matter and his photographs, may be called, after Jacques Rancière, incommensurability. 
EN
The main goal of this paper is to indicate the significance of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach in teaching English conversation. The first issue presented in this article is to explain the essence of conversation. Afterward, there is a demonstration of major distinctive features assigned to the CLT approach, functions of language and four categories of communicative competence. The following point is dedicated to learner’s and teacher’s roles determined by the CLT approach and a brief mention concerning three types of materials which enhance communicative capacity. Furthermore, there is a presentation and description of principles used for designing techniques including a checklist of microskills. On top of that, various categories and types of oral production are put forward. The last part of the article contains examples of exercises.
PL
Głównym celem tego artykułu jest wskazanie znaczenia podejścia komunikacyjnego CLT w nauczaniu konwersacji w języku angielskim. Pierwszą kwestią przedstawioną w tym artykule jest wyjaśnienie pojęcia konwersacji oraz ukazanie jej kwintesencji. Następnie zaprezentowano główne założenia przypisane podejściu komunikacyjnemu CLT, funkcje językowe i cztery kategorie kompetencji komunikacyjnej. Kolejny punkt stanowi opis ról przypisanych uczniom i nauczycielom w obrębie podejścia komunikacyjnego CLT oraz krótka wzmianka o trzech rodzajach materiałów, które zwiększają zdolności komunikacyjne. Ponadto, zaprezentowano i opisano zasady stosowane w projektowaniu technik, w tym listę mikro umiejętności. W dalszej części artykułu zaproponowane zostały różne kategorie i rodzaje aktywności werbalnej. Ostatnia część artykułu zawiera przykłady ćwiczeń
PL
Artykuł zawiera informacje o gospodarowaniu materiałami i sterowaniu zapasami w przemyśle hutniczym. Strukturę części ogólnej artykułu tworzą typowe działania w obszarach zaopatrzenia i składowania materiałów w przedsiębiorstwach hutniczych. W ramach analizy przedstawiono strukturę zużycia materiałów i stany poziomów zapasów w krajowym przemyśle hutniczym w latach 2000-2015. Za dane do analizy przyjęto wyniki rocznych ilości i wartości zakupionych materiałów i utrzymywanych zapasów. Ustalono przebieg trendów gospodarowania materiałami i zapasami w przemyśle hutniczym. Przedmiotem badań było również poszukiwanie zależności między poziomem zużycia materiałów (wskaźnik materiałochłonności) i stanem zapasów a rozmiarami produkcji hutniczej.
EN
The article includes information about the materials and stocks management in the steel industry. The structure of the general part of the article is about the typical activities in these areas in steel companies. The analysis shows the structure of materials and stocks levels in the domestic steel industry in 2000-2015. For the data for analysis were used volume and value of materials and stocks. Trends of materials and stocks management are presented in the article. The subject of studies was the correlation between the level of material consumption (rate of material consumption) and the state of stocks and the size of steel production.
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