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Body image and maternal fetal attachment

100%
Małus A., Chlewicka J., Galińska-Skok B., Konarzewska B., Szulc A.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2014
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vol. 4
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issue 2
157-163
EN
Introduction: Pregnancy is the time of the most dynamic and visible changes in a woman's body. Some researchers have shown that woman's ability to adapt to changes in her body may affect the attitude towards her baby. Purpose: To study the relation between body image in pregnant women and the attachment to the unborn child. Materials and methods: 100 women in II trimester completed Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) and Body Image Questionnaire. Results: The analysis showed a significant relation between the attitudes towards the own body during pregnancy and the quality of the mother-child attachment. According to the research, the mothers who were strongly attached to the child were concurrently dissatisfied with bodily changes. Socio demographic variables (age, education, marital status, place of living), pregnancy-related variables (pregnancy planning, familiarity with child's gender, the level of preparation to maternity) and the variables related to the woman's body (BMI before pregnancy, severity of pregnancy complaints) had no impact on maternal-fetal attachment. Also, the attitude towards the own body was formed regardless of socio demographic variables and pregnancy-related variables. Significant relations between the attitudes towards own body and the variables associated with woman's body (BMI, pregnancy complaints) were observed. Conclusions: Woman's attitude towards the body and changes during pregnancy is a complex issue. According to the results of this study, it is possible to develop a positive bond with the child despite experiencing dissatisfaction with own body.
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Mothers’ individual characteristics and the maternal-fetal attachment in healthy pregnancies, pregnancies with congenital malformations, and pregnancies with other risks

75%
Kucharska M., Woś J., Kałowski P.
Psychologia Wychowawcza
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2020
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issue Special issue
28-45
EN
The aim of the current study was to analyze the predictive value of women’s individual differences such as age, attachment style, self-esteem, and anxiety levels in the context of emotional attachment to the prenatal child in various situations of risk. The study involved women in the second and third trimesters of healthy and high-risk pregnancies – fetal malformation or other complications and obstetric risks. The study used the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS), the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Kwestionariusz Stylów Przywiązaniowych, KSP), the Self- Esteem Scale (SES), and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Regression analysis showed that maternal age was significantly related to attachment to the child when diagnosed with a congenital malformation. In situations of pregnancies with other risks, the intensity of the maternal-fetal attachment and its components was significantly related to the mother’s self-esteem and attachment style. However, in healthy pregnancies, the secure style was related to the intensification of select aspects of prenatal attachment. Trait and state anxiety were revealed to not be statistically significant for the maternal-fetal attachment. As women age, they have increasing difficulties accepting the autonomy of a child with a diagnosed congenital defect. Low self-esteem of the mother and insecure attachment styles may be detrimental to MFA in situations where the risks during pregnancy are due, for example, to the mother’s health. The secure attachment style allows for predicting a greater intensity of various aspects of the prenatal attachment when the pregnancy is not at risk.
3
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Właściwości indywidualne matki a więź z dzieckiem w ciążach zdrowych, z wadami wrodzonymi i innymi zagrożeniami

51%
Marta K.
Psychologia Wychowawcza
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2020
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issue 59(17)
7-24
EN
The purpose of this study was to examine which of the selected variables, like: age, attachment styles, self-esteem and anxiety predict the development of the emotional attachment between the woman and fetus in physiological and high-risk pregnancies. The study involved child-bearing women with no pregnancy complications as well as those with congenial disorders and other pregnancy complications. Data was collected using Fetal Attachment Scale – FAS, Questionnaire of Attachment Styles – KSP, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale – SES, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI and standardized interview designed for this study. Regression analysis showed that the mother’s age was predictive of her relationship with the child with congenital disorder. In pregnancy with other complications the intensity of the maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) and its components were significantly associated with the mother’s self-esteem and her attachment styles. In healthy pregnancies safe attachment style was related to the selected aspects of prenatal bonding. The level of state and trait anxiety were irrelevant for the MFA. The acceptation of the autonomy of a child diagnosed with a birth defect decreased with increasing mother’s age. The low mother’s self-esteem and her insecure attachment style can be detrimental to MFA in pregnancy with other complications. The mother’s secure attachment style prediced the higher intensity of various MFA aspects in healthy pregnancy.
PL
Celem badań była analiza wartości predykcyjnej indywidualnych właściwości kobiety, takich jak: wiek, styl przywiązania, samoocena i poziom lęku, dla jej więzi z dzieckiem prenatalnym w różnych sytuacjach zagrożenia ciąży. Badaniem objęto kobiety w drugim i trzecim trymestrze ciąż zdrowych oraz wysokiego ryzyka: ze zdiagnozowaną wadą rozwojową płodu lub innymi powikłaniami i zagrożeniami położniczymi. W badaniu zastosowano kwestionariusz wywiadu, Kwestionariusz „Więź z dzieckiem w okresie ciąży”, Kwestionariusz Stylów Przywiązaniowych KSP, Skalę Samooceny SES oraz Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku STAI. Analiza regresji wykazała, że wiek matki jest znaczący dla jej więzi z dzieckiem, gdy zdiagnozowano u niego wadę wrodzoną. Nasilenie relacji matka–dziecko oraz jej komponentów w ciążach z innymi zagrożeniami istotnie wiąże się z samooceną matki oraz jest stylem przywiązania. Natomiast w ciążach zdrowych styl bezpieczny ma związek z nasileniem wybranych aspektów więzi prenatalnej. Poziom nasilenia lęku cechy i stanu okazał się nieistotny dla badanej więzi. Wraz z wiekiem kobiecie coraz trudniej jest akceptować autonomię dziecka ze zdiagnozowaną wadą wrodzoną. Niska samoocena matki oraz jej pozabezpieczny styl przywiązania mogą być niekorzystne dla tworzenia więzi z dzieckiem w sytuacji, gdy zagrożenie ciąży wynika np. z jej stanu zdrowia. Bezpieczny styl przywiązania matki pozwala przewidywać większe nasilenie różnych aspektów więzi prenatalnej, gdy ciąża nie jest zagrożona.
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