Search results

1

Medical studies, team roles and emotional intelligence

100%

Walkiewicz M., Sowińska K., Tartas M.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2018

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issue 1

71-77

2

Etyczne uregulowania kontaktów studentów medycyny z firmami farmaceutycznymi w Stanach Zjednoczonych

100%

Makowska M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2014

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vol. 17

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issue 3

125-137

EN

The involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in medical education can be seen as something completely natural. Who better than the producer of the med-icine would know how the drug was developed, how the process of it being au-thorized for sale proceeded, and what the side effects of it are? Today in the United States, more and more colleges are implementing strong pharmaceutical conflict-of-interest policies. Interaction between students and medical school staff with these companies is undesirable, because they share marketing materi-als more often than honest data, and their representatives use various ways to influence these current and future physicians during their meetings. This article will describe research which shows what pharmaceutical mar-keting directed at students looks like in the USA – its character, frequency, and potential impact on future medical decisions. Also, ways of regulating interac-tion between medical schools, their staff and students and the pharmaceutical industry will be expressed. Guidelines of the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Institute of Medicine and the American Medical Student Associa-tion will be described. At the end, questions about their influence on reality and whether medical schools’ policies can be an effective barrier for pharmaceutical marketing on medical schools will be asked.

3

MEDICAL STUDENTS ENCOUNTER WITH VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE: A SIMULATION PROGRAM

100%

Turan S., Elçin M., Odabaşı O., Demir M., Örnek Büken N.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2017

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vol. 8

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issue 2

156-162

EN

Violence against women is a serious violation of women's human rights and a significant health issue in many countries. As domestic violence is a subject of high concern in the different countries, there has been considerable research into the topic of domestic violence generally, though there is comparatively less known on health care providers roles related to domestic violence. Health care providers are usually frontline professionals that victims of violence get in touch with , even sometimes not explicitly. Therefore health care providers’ skills and attitudes are very important when giving a hand to victims of violence professionally. A special case is Turkey. Where the social structure in Belgium, England and Austria is of an matriarchal nature (in a sociological sense, not anthropologic), Turkey is strongly patriarchally ordered. Moreover, it has a higher level of social acceptance of domestic violence. This paper describes the program in a medical curriculum on violence against women. Simulation which is increasingly being used in health care workers training is used to deliver the program. Standardized patient (SP) methodology is the preferred modality of simulation. SP is a lay person trained to portray a patient in order to simulate a set of symptoms or problems. SPs would have first-hand knowledge, experience and feedback to improve the skills. The simulation program and the experiences of the students acquired during this program are discussed in this paper.

4

Rozpoznawanie przemocy wobec dzieci i reagowanie na nią w nauczaniu przyszłych lekarzy

88%

Doroszewska A., Kołodziejek A., Oronowicz-Jaśkowiak W.

Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka

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2020

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vol. 19

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issue 1

28-42

PL

Rozpoznawanie przemocy fizycznej i psychicznej wobec dzieci oraz odpowiednie na nią reagowanie są niezwykle ważnymi umiejętnościami dla pracowników ochrony zdrowia. Celem artykułu było opisanie zarówno związanych z przemocą wobec dzieci treści kształcenia na kierunkach medycznych, jak i przekonań studentów o ich przygotowaniu w zakresie wiedzy i umiejętności reagowania w sytuacji podejrzenia przemocy wobec dzieci. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że studenci znają zasady rozpoznawania przemocy stosowanej wobec dzieci, jednak nie wiedzą, w jaki sposób postępować w sytuacji podejrzenia przemocy i konieczności zgłoszenia jej odpowiednim organom.

EN

Recognizing and responding to physical and psychological violence against children are extremely important skills for healthcare professionals. The aim of the article is to describe both the content of medical education related to violence against children and students’ beliefs about their preparation in terms of knowledge and skills necessary in cases of suspected violence against children. The results of the research conducted indicate that students know the rules for recognizing violence used against children, but they do not know how to deal with suspected violence and the need to report it to the appropriate authorities.

5

Psychiatria środowiskowa w opinii studentów kierunków medycznych i psychologii

75%

Wielgus B., Morawski J.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica

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2018

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vol. 11

135-149

EN

The National Mental Health Care Program in Poland for 2017–2022 increases the role of community psychiatry in psychiatric care. This requires adequate changes in teaching curriculum for universities in Poland. The primary aim of presented study was to assess the medical students’ opinion and their state of knowledge about community psychiatry. Students of medical fields of studies (mostly medicine and nursing) and psychology (N=171) from different universities in Poland were tested. Community psychiatry was found as a valid alternative to conventional form of psychiatric care by majority of students however they were not able to define it accurately. Students also believed that the university courses should include details about community psychiatry especially in regards to its practical aspects.

PL

Narodowy Program Ochrony Zdrowia Psychicznego na lata 2017-2022 poszerza zakres lecznictwa środowiskowego, co wymaga wprowadzenia zmian w zakresie programów edukacyjnych uczelni wyższych w Polsce dotyczących funkcjonowania oraz rozwoju działań zgodnych z modelem środowiskowym. Celem przeprowadzonego badania było uzyskanie opinii studentów kierunków medycznych na temat psychiatrii środowiskowej. W badaniu wzięło udział 171 studentów kierunków medycznych (lekarski, pielęgniarstwo itd.) i psychologii z różnych miast Polski. W opinii badanych model leczenia środowiskowego stanowi właściwą alternatywę dla tradycyjnego leczenia psychiatrycznego, choć nie wszyscy badani potrafią ten model trafnie zdefiniować oraz postulują włączenie treści związanych z opieką środowiskową w zakres kształcenia akademickiego lub poszerzenie jego obecnego zakresu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem szkolenia praktycznego.

6

Application features of educational quests in the format of blended learning in higher educational establishments

75%

Ulishchenko V., Ulishchenko A., Kefeli-Yanovska O.

Intercultural Communication

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2022

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vol. 7

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issue 1

69-80

EN

In the process of work with students (post-graduate students, interns, teachers), the application of interactive forms of work has proven its effectiveness and relevance. At the same time, we should expand the methodological diversity of the interactive, involve such forms of work that best as possible meet the needs of the blended learning format. Quest as an interactive technology has many advantages – from a collective goal setting, definition of a strategy of movement to coordinated performance of intermediate tasks, search for substantiations and presentation of a collective decision. The main thing is that there are no obstacles to the realization of the educational quest, such as online or offline, because the help comes from the interactive board Miro. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the peculiarities of the application of the educational quest as a game technology in blended and distance education with the goal of deepening the motivation of students of higher education institutions of Ukraine, in particular medical ones; to intensify scientific research activities, to improve interaction in groups and teams, to promote the development of clinical thinking and communicative competence. Research methods. Theoretical (processing of the source base) and empirical (development and implementation of didactic quests in educational activities) research methods were used in the work. Due to the combination of these components, the expediency of application of quest-technologies in a blended form of education in higher education institutions is substantiated. Conclusions. Thanks to the involvement of quests, those who study will not only save motivation, but they will also structure, renew, update the acquired knowledge for further professional growth. Quests do not require students to be physically present in the classroom, and under the condition of a proper organization (script, route sheets for teams), the final result of their conducting in the format of blended education (through ZOOM, MIRO, another online platform for group work) is quite high. It is also interesting to note that quests in the form close to the competition, provide the opportunity to carry out summative and formative assessment, which is extremely important for monitoring the quality of knowledge. The application of educational quests in higher medical education with the involvement of interactive online boards opens up the opportunity to provide active interaction of subjects of training in conditions of a blended format. During the quest, the teacher performs the functions of a moderator, since organizational moments and the working atmosphere during group communication depend on him, as well as possible help in the form of vector direction (if the discussion has reached a dead end), and substantiation of the final results.

7

Fatigue and the psychological characteristics of medical students

75%

Walkiewicz M., Zdun-Ryżewska A., Budziński W., Tartas M., Błażek M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2023

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vol. 36

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issue 4

517-525

EN

Objectives: The present study examined the relationship between medical student fatigue with psychological variables: emotional intelligence (EI), sense of coherence (SoC) (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness), quality of life (QoL), stress, and satisfaction with studying medicine. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 566 medical students from the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland. The instruments used were the Chalder Fatigue Scale, Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test, Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, and a questionnaire designed by the authors, comprised questions relating to the quality of life, stress levels, and satisfaction with studying medicine. Results: The results show that fatigue was negatively related to the ability to use emotions effectively in the management of one’s activities (EI), 1 aspect of SoC – a level of comprehensibility, QoL, and satisfaction with studying medicine. Fatigue is positively related to the ability to recognize, understand, and control emotions (EI) and stress connected with studying medicine. Conclusions: The outcomes of the study afford a better understanding of the relationship between selected variables in the field of individual differences in the context of fatigue in the medical student population. It may help medical educators and authorities to have a better understanding of the phenomenon of building resilience and increasing abilities to cope with the negative effects of chronic stress such as fatigue in the population of medical students. Early recognition of specific psychological features in medical students, such as misunderstanding emotions and their perception of environments as unstructured, would make it possible to prepare early support and development programmes.

8

The system of values and styles of success in the medical career: A longitudinal study

75%

Budziński W., Walkiewicz M., Tartas M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2018

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vol. 31

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issue 6

823-835

EN

Objectives The purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between system values during medical education and styles of success in the medical career. Material and Methods The participants were first examined when they applied to the medical school. Questionnaires were given to these students each academic year. Medical doctors who had participated in the first phase of the study completed a questionnaire 4 years after their graduation, too. The baseline questionnaire measured the system values. The follow-up questionnaire included measures of quality of life, work stress and burnout, satisfaction with medicine as a career and professional competency. Results The identified 3 groups of students representing 3 types of careers had been different regarding their preferred terminal values and instrumental values. Out of 3 groups, 2 presented a high risk of burnout. What is more the life goals (terminal values) are relatively stable, but preferable modes of behavior (instrumental values) are likely to change. The most important differences between students who may suffer from burnout later as doctors and those who are at a lower risk are e.g., family security, freedom, happiness, mature love, self-respect, social recognition and wisdom. Conclusions The Rokeach Value Survey may be applied to identify specific tendencies in the development of medical career. The obtained results may be used by the medical school admission officers as well as resident selection committees in order to identify candidates who may be at risk of professional difficulties. Authors can identify during medical education which student will be at risk of professional burnout after studies. Thus there could be a selection of interventions directed toward differentiated groups of students, e.g.: supplying them with proper coping vs. guiding them, to increase life satisfaction and productivity. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(6):823–835

9

Availability of psychological support for medical students in Poland

75%

Walkiewicz M., Guziak M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 1

87-99

EN

ObjectivesMedical students suffer from a considerable level of stress, which can result in the deterioration of their mental health, including depression or suicidal ideation. They are afraid to seek help due to stigmatization and environmental ostracism. The goal of the study is to analyze the psychological support and stress management programs for students supported by medical schools in PolandMaterial and MethodsThe authors sent out e-mails with 9 questions regarding the issue being analyzed to all 19 medical schools in Poland. They obtained answers from 15 such schools, which corresponds to a response rate of 79%. The study was conducted in 2018–2019, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.ResultsDue to the lack of central regulations, support is provided by medical schools individually. Those solutions focus on short-term, temporary therapy. If a longer therapy is needed, students are redirected to external health providers. Moreover, information about the support is not transferred by student-friendly communication channels. Conclusions: Support should be flexible, and it should quickly adapt to the emerging trends and consider students’ feedback. A future model of psychological support could be a center organized as a transfer point between a university problem-solving facility and external health providers, concentrating on short-term activity. Quick support would eliminate potential complications and more serious mental problems.

10

Letter to the Editor (September 10, 2021) concerning the paper “Availability of psychological support for medical students in Poland”

75%

Milczyńska W., de Wolf A., Mohindra A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 6

821-822

11

Letter to the Editor (February 16, 2021) concerning the paper “Mindfulness in healthcare professionals and medical education”

75%

Kiran Dev I., Ganesh Kumar A., Kallikas G., Hassan M., Basu S.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 3

451-452

12

Mindfulness in healthcare professionals and medical education

75%

Chmielewski J., Łoś K., Łuczyński W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

|

issue 1

1-14

EN

Healthcare professionals are exposed not only to the ubiquitous stress, but also to the culture of perfectionism. Therefore, they need tools to achieve a balance between work and rest in order to effectively help their patients. The study objective is a review of the literature on the implementation of mindfulness in healthcare professionals and medical students. The authors searched the literature in PubMed and Google Scholar databases for publications about “mindfulness” in “healthcare professionals” and “medical students.” The search included manuscripts published to July 31, 2019. Mindfulness is a process of intentional paying attention to experiencing the present moment with curiosity, openness and acceptance of each experience without judgment. Mindfulness training leads to a better mood perception, lower stress perception, and responding to stimuli more effectively. All these features can have a potentially positive effect on healthcare service. The paper describes methods of intervention as well as their effects, which may be useful both in maintaining the well-being of healthcare professionals and in patient care. Mindfulness meditation has a beneficial effect on stress, depression, burnout, well-being and empathy among doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers. However, the method has a number of limitations, including a small number of participants, a high dropout rate in the intervention group and, above all, ceasing to practice mindfulness in the longer term after the course termination. Mindfulness can be widely implemented by healthcare professionals, thus improving their well-being and the quality of care they provide. Further standard scientific research is needed to confirm this impact.

13

КОНТРОЛЬ І КООРДИНАЦІЯ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТИ МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ШКІЛ ПЕРЕДОВОГО ДОСВІДУ В СИСТЕМІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ.

63%

Козинець О.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2017

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issue 10(74)

3-13

EN

The purpose of the article is to characterize control and coordination as elements of the mechanism for managing the development of schools of excellence in the system of national medical education of the second half of the twentieth century. The methods. The outlined purpose of the study motivates the choice of a set of interrelated methods: general scientific and empirical (historical-pedagogical, paradigm, observational and praxymetric methods). Results. The mechanism (a system that determines the order, the sequence of the implementation of a certain type of activity) of managing the development of schools of excellence in the system of national medical education of the second half of the last century is revealed. It focuses on its functioning as a regulated system of elements embodied in the prevailing sociocultural values at the time, norms of behavior, and informal rules of interaction. Particular attention is focused on control and coordination, the purpose of which is to ensure the implementation of management actions in the form of decisions, assignments. It is proved that the forms and terms of control should be determined by a purposeful, step-by-step nature, bear in mind not the identification of non-fulfillment, but its prevention and provision of assistance in the implementation. The practical significance of the results of the study is the possibility of using the findings and generalizations in the current conditions of the reform of the native medical education. Conclusion.The scientific literature describes the mechanism of a managerial process, which has a closed cyclical character and progressive development. The presence of all parts of this mechanism is necessary, but depending on the stage of the process of managing the development of schools of excellence in the system of domestic medical education of the second half of the twentieth century. each of the elements of such a mechanism may become a priority. We identify only one of these elements – control and coordination. Prospects for further research are seen in the identification and specification of other elements of the mechanism for managing the development of schools of excellence in the system of the native medical education in the second half of the last century, in particular, forecasting, planning, organization and analysis of their activities

14

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕРЕЖІ ВИЩИХ МЕДИЧНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ У ЗАХІДНИХ ОБЛАСТЯХ УКРАЇНИ В 40-Х РОКАХ ХХ СТ.

63%

Галина П., Ірина К., Наталія С.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2016

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issue 10(64)

240-253

EN

The article is focused on the study of socio-political and socio-economic background of the origin and development of higher medical education in the western regions of Ukraine in 40–90-ies of the twentieth century. This background has contributed to the formation of a network of the higher medical educational institutions in the given region in the context of Ukraine’s state policy in the health care area. The study has used such methods as theoretical analysis and generalization of archival and printed sources, historical, pedagogical and educational-and-methodological literature; comparative, problem-chronological, historical and genetic analyses which contributes to the study and analysis of the preconditions of the higher medical education formation in the western region in the studied period. The investigation and analysis of historical and archival documents has shown that the western lands were part of Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Hungary for decades, which significantly affected the socio-economic, cultural and national development of the region. The study of historical sources shows that the agricultural sector played a leading role in the economy as industry developed slowly. The population lived in poverty, lacking funds for necessary things. Medical institutions functioned mainly in urban areas, and doctors’ service was paid. This made impossible to provide necessary medical care to the general population. The region experienced high mortality of adults and children. Also, dangerous diseases were spread. After the liberation of these lands from invaders in the 40-ies of the XX century to eliminate dangerous disease, prophylactic medical institutions were organized for improving the population health. For the proper provision of highly qualified personnel, it was needed to form a network of higher medical education institutions that could train specialists, especially involving local youth.

15

“It Works by Activating Very Basic Instincts […]”: Medical Students’ Opinions about the Benefits and Risks of the Pharmaceutical Industry’s Marketing Efforts Aimed at Medical Doctors

63%

Makowska M.

Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej

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2023

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vol. 19

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issue 3

220-241

PL

Współpraca przemysłu farmaceutycznego z lekarzami jest konieczna i nieunikniona. Studenci medycyny, jako część społeczności medycznej, prawdopodobnie rozwinęli specyficzne poglądy na temat korzyści i zagrożeń z nią związanych. Artykuł jest częścią cyklu przedstawiającego wybrane wyniki dziewięciu zogniskowanych wywiadów grupowych z trzech miast – Warszawy, Krakowa i Gdańska. W badaniu wykorzystano konstruktywizm społeczny jako ramę teoretyczną i przeprowadzono analizę tematyczną. W dyskusjach grupowych studenci stworzyli powiązania między postrzeganymi korzyściami i zagrożeniami we współpracy lekarzy z przemysłem. Choć przyszli lekarze dostrzegali wiele ryzyk, to jednak korzyści uzyskiwane od przedstawicieli przemysłu wydawały im się bardzo atrakcyjne. Badanie wskazuje, że na uczelniach medycznych potrzebna jest lepsza edukacja w zakresie zagadnień społecznych, psychologicznych (sposobów manipulacji) oraz konfliktu interesów.

EN

Cooperation between the pharmaceutical industry and medical doctors is both necessary and inevitable. As part of the medical community, medical students are likely to have developed specific views as to its benefits and risks. The article is part of a series of articles presenting selected results of nine focus group interviews from three cities (Warsaw, Kraków, and Gdańsk). The study used social constructivism as a theoretical framework, and thematic analysis was performed. In their group discussions, the students drew links between cooperation’s perceived benefits and risks. Despite the associated risks, most medical students perceive benefits obtained from the pharmaceutical industry as attractive. Better education about social, psychological issues (manipulation techniques) and the conflict of interest is needed in medical schools.

16

Narrative sensitivity in medical students: a mixed-method exploration

63%

Skorunka D., Keřkovská T., Řiháček T.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2022

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vol. 66

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issue 5

449-462

EN

Objective.The paper introduced the concept of narrative sensitivity. The study aimed to identify the facets of narrative sensitivity (NS) in medi-cal students and assess the changes in NS during undergraduate medical education.Methods. A mixed method study was designed to explore NS. Data was collected from a group of students in their second year (N=50) and then in their fifth year (N=42) of their undergraduate education. The data was analysed using thematic analysis in accordance with consensual qualita-tive research. A coding system was developed to identify and refine the facets of NS. The theme frequencies were counted for each year sepa-rately and Fisher’s exact test was conducted to assess the statistical significance of NS change between both years.Results. Nine themes related to NS were identi-fied in the data. The frequency of themes indi-cated a trend towards a decline in NS between the second and fifth years of undergraduate edu-cation. However, the exploratory nature of this study and the small sample size did not allow any definitive conclusions regarding changes over time.Conclusions. The findings raised doubts about the outcome of undergraduate education based on a narrow biomedical perspective. The study supported the arguments for giving emphasis on training of communication skills including nar-rative sensitivity during medical education.

CS

Cíl.Narativní koncept obohatil kromě psycholo-gie a psychoterapie také medicínu. V zahraničí došlo ke vzniku vzdělávacích programů v nara-tivní medicíně zaměřených na rozvoj narativních dovedností u studentů medicíny a začínajících lékařů. V této souvislosti text představuje pojem narativní citlivosti. Cílem explorativní studie bylo identifikování fazet narativní citlivosti u studentů medicíny a posouzení změn v narativní citlivosti u těchto studentů v průběhu pregraduálního studia. Soubor a metody.V rámci smíšené explorativ-ní studie byla od dospělých účastníků výzkumu získána data v podobě písemných výpově-dí v reakci na podnětovou fotografii nejprve ve druhém ročníku pregraduálního studia medi-cíny (N = 50) a posléze v pátém ročníku (N = 42). Data byla analyzovaná metodou tematické analýzy s prvky konsensuálního kvalitativního výzkumu. Byl vytvořen kódovací systém s cí-lem identifikování fazet narativní citlivosti. Čet-nost témat byla kvantifikována v každém roční-ku zvlášť a k posouzení statistické významnosti změny v narativní citlivosti u studentů během tří let studia byl použit Fisherův test. Výsledky.Během textové analýzy bylo identi-fikováno devět témat relevantních ke koncep-tu narativní citlivosti. Četnost témat naznačila pokles narativní citlivosti u studentů medicíny mezi druhým a pátým ročníkem pregraduální-ho studia. Nicméně explorativní design studie a malý soubor neumožnily učinit definitivní závěr týkající se posouzení změny narativní citlivosti v čase.Závěr. Navzdory limitům studie výsledky vyvo-lávají pochybnosti o výsledcích pregraduálního studia medicíny založeném na biomedicínském modelu. Studie podporuje argumenty pro vět-ší důraz na rozvoj komunikačních dovedností včetně narativní citlivosti u budoucích lékařů během studia medicíny.

17

Prawno-społeczna pozycja felczera w Polsce w latach 1945–1989

63%

Fiktus P.

Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały

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2017

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issue 15

PL

Okres po II wojnie światowej, cechujący się na gruncie medycznym powszechnym brakiem kadry lekarskiej oraz pielęgniarskiej, jak też zniszczeniem infrastruktury i zaplecza medycznego, wymuszał wprowadzenie szybkich rozwiązań gwarantujących, przynajmniej na minimalnym poziomie, opiekę nad społeczeństwem. Wykształcenie stosownego personelu wymagało odpowiedniej ilości czasu. W tej sytuacji ówczesna władza zastosowała istniejące, aczkolwiek już zapomniane rozwiązanie, w postaci zawodu felczera – cechującego się pewną samodzielnością w wykonywaniu prostych czynności medycznych. Celem niniejszej publikacji jest przybliżenie zakresu uprawnień, jakie przysługiwały felczerowi w nowej rzeczywistości politycznej, określenie, w jaki sposób ten zawód był wówczas postrzegany. Legal and social position of the feldsher in Poland in 1945–1989 (Abstract)With the end of the Second World War, the feldsher’s profession was regulated by legal acts dating back to the interwar period. The leading act was the Act of 1 July 1921, on the feldsher’s profession, which briefly defined the feldsher’s qualifications. The key legal act regulating the legal position of feldsher was a law passed by the Legislative Sejm on 20 July 1950, on the feldsher’s profession. The feldsher’s powers were divided into two groups: activities performed independently (that is, in feldsher’s points and non-public health care institutions) as well as activities carried out non-independently – that is, under the guidance of a physician. The issues related to professional secrecy and disciplinary liability were regulated separately. Trying to determine the feldsher’s position in the system at that time, during the legislative work, it was recognized that it would be a profession between a doctor and a nurse. The reason for the adoption of such a solution was the possibility of performing small independent treatments, to whose performance a nurse was not authorized. Initially, the feldsher’s profession enjoyed the great interest of those willing to practice the profession. At this time, medical publications often presented the social advancement of feldsher school students, who continued their medical education after graduation. However, the interest in the feldsher’s profession gradually began to decline and the school year 1962/1963 was the last period of the feldsher’s education in Poland. The last feldsher school functioned then in Warsaw. From this moment on, the feldsher’s profession was left to its own devices. Since 1956, the feldsher’s qualifications have been extended to the possibility of working in sobering stations. Further powers were awarded to the feldsher in the 1960s, including issuing death certificates, diagnosing venereal diseases during medical examinations in sobering stations, and the inclusion of this profession in the fight against infectious diseases. In the case of the feldsher’s profession, the issues of a prestigious nature, such as the introduction of appropriate decorations similar to those of the physician or nurse, for instance long-term seniority, were also omitted. The feldsher’s profession was recalled when Poland entered the European Union structures, which led to the introduction of a new regulation in 2005 regulating the scope of activities to which the feldsher was qualified.

18

КОНТРОЛЬ І КООРДИНАЦІЯ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТИ МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ШКІЛ ПЕРЕДОВОГО ДОСВІДУ В СИСТЕМІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ.

63%

Козинець О.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2017

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issue 9(73)

3-13

EN

The purpose of the article is to characterize control and coordination as elements of the mechanism for managing the development of schools of excellence in the system of national medical education of the second half of the twentieth century. The methods. The outlined purpose of the study motivates the choice of a set of interrelated methods: general scientific and empirical (historical-pedagogical, paradigm, observational and praxymetric methods). Results. The mechanism (a system that determines the order, the sequence of the implementation of a certain type of activity) of managing the development of schools of excellence in the system of national medical education of the second half of the last century is revealed. It focuses on its functioning as a regulated system of elements embodied in the prevailing sociocultural values at the time, norms of behavior, and informal rules of interaction. Particular attention is focused on control and coordination, the purpose of which is to ensure the implementation of management actions in the form of decisions, assignments. It is proved that the forms and terms of control should be determined by a purposeful, step-by-step nature, bear in mind not the identification of non-fulfillment, but its prevention and provision of assistance in the implementation. The practical significance of the results of the study is the possibility of using the findings and generalizations in the current conditions of the reform of the native medical education. Conclusion.The scientific literature describes the mechanism of a managerial process, which has a closed cyclical character and progressive development. The presence of all parts of this mechanism is necessary, but depending on the stage of the process of managing the development of schools of excellence in the system of domestic medical education of the second half of the twentieth century. each of the elements of such a mechanism may become a priority. We identify only one of these elements – control and coordination. Prospects for further research are seen in the identification and specification of other elements of the mechanism for managing the development of schools of excellence in the system of the native medical education in the second half of the last century, in particular, forecasting, planning, organization and analysis of their activities

19

Medical Faculties or Medical Academies? Czechoslovak Plans and Discussions in the 1950s

51%

Svobodný P.

Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały

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2017

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issue 15

PL

Autor artykułu, zaprezentowawszy zwięźle sieci i struktury medycznych szkół i jednostek badawczych w bloku państw komunistycznych (Związek Radziecki, Czechosłowacja, NRD, Polska i Węgry) w okresie od zakończenia II wojny światowej do końca lat pięćdziesiątych XX w., analizuje powody, dla których w Czechosłowacji nie dokonało się przekształcenie tradycyjnych wydziałów medycznych w wyspecjalizowane akademie medyczne, jak miało to miejsce w innych państwach bloku (np. w Polsce). Medical Faculties or Medical Academies? Czechoslovak Plans and Discussions in the 1950sIn post-war Czechoslovakia, the re-organisation of public health care was closely linked to problems and new challenges in organising the academic education in medicine and medical science. Reforms in this area were seen as one of the basic starting points of health care reforms whose aim was to improve the health care and health of the population. Alongside elements such as the nationalisation of health care system, the system at this time focused not only on curative but also preventive medicine and hygiene. Similar trends were at that time in evidence in other countries of the then forming Soviet Bloc.In the early 1950s, medical faculties were in some countries of the Soviet Bloc (Poland, Hungary) removed from the structure of traditional universities and transformed into medical academies. These medical academies were supposed to take over the existing functions of academic faculties of medicine and provide teaching, research, and curative medicine, but newly also preventive care. In other countries (Czechoslovakia, GDR), medical faculties remained part of both the traditional and newly established universities, though their transformation into medical academies had also been discussed.The contribution includes: 1. a brief description of the network of academic medical education in 1945–1950s in countries of the Soviet Bloc (Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, GRD, Poland, and Hungary); 2. analysis of reasons why in Czechoslovakia the transformation of faculties into academies was not carried out, while in other countries it was. These reasons include references to the strength of tradition, factual arguments, or ideologically based argumentation pointing to “Soviet models”.

20

Accessibility of Health Care and Recent Changes in Health System of the Republic of Belarus

51%

Snezhitskiy V. A., Surmach M. Y.

Problemy Zarządzania

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2017

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issue 3/2017 (69), t.1

100-116

PL

Dostępność opieki zdrowotnej na Białorusi zilustrowano za pomocą wskaźników świadczeń zdrowotnych dla ludności: gęstości personelu medycznego, wskaźnika liczby łóżek szpitalnych do liczby ludności oraz rozwoju kształcenia medycznego. Przez pryzmat zdefiniowanego przez WHO „profilu finansowego” opieki zdrowotnej dokonano analizy szeregu aspektów polityki państwa. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono jakości kształcenia medycznego, zatrudnieniu i motywacji finansowej pracowników służby zdrowia, a także wskazano obszary dalszego rozwoju opieki zdrowotnej w kraju.

EN

The accessibility of health care to the population in Belarus is illustrated in terms of indicators of health care provision: medical services personnel density, hospital bed / population ratio and development of medical education. Through the prism of WHO-defined “financial profile” of health care, several aspects of state policy are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the quality of medical education, employment and financial motivation of health care workers. The areas for further health care development in the Republic are specified.

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Medical studies, team roles and emotional intelligence

Etyczne uregulowania kontaktów studentów medycyny z firmami farmaceutycznymi w Stanach Zjednoczonych

MEDICAL STUDENTS ENCOUNTER WITH VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE: A SIMULATION PROGRAM

Rozpoznawanie przemocy wobec dzieci i reagowanie na nią w nauczaniu przyszłych lekarzy

Psychiatria środowiskowa w opinii studentów kierunków medycznych i psychologii

Application features of educational quests in the format of blended learning in higher educational establishments

Fatigue and the psychological characteristics of medical students

The system of values and styles of success in the medical career: A longitudinal study

Availability of psychological support for medical students in Poland

Letter to the Editor (September 10, 2021) concerning the paper “Availability of psychological support for medical students in Poland”

Letter to the Editor (February 16, 2021) concerning the paper “Mindfulness in healthcare professionals and medical education”

Mindfulness in healthcare professionals and medical education

КОНТРОЛЬ І КООРДИНАЦІЯ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТИ МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ШКІЛ ПЕРЕДОВОГО ДОСВІДУ В СИСТЕМІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ.

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕРЕЖІ ВИЩИХ МЕДИЧНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ У ЗАХІДНИХ ОБЛАСТЯХ УКРАЇНИ В 40-Х РОКАХ ХХ СТ.

“It Works by Activating Very Basic Instincts […]”: Medical Students’ Opinions about the Benefits and Risks of the Pharmaceutical Industry’s Marketing Efforts Aimed at Medical Doctors

Narrative sensitivity in medical students: a mixed-method exploration

Prawno-społeczna pozycja felczera w Polsce w latach 1945–1989

КОНТРОЛЬ І КООРДИНАЦІЯ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТИ МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ШКІЛ ПЕРЕДОВОГО ДОСВІДУ В СИСТЕМІ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ.

Medical Faculties or Medical Academies? Czechoslovak Plans and Discussions in the 1950s

Accessibility of Health Care and Recent Changes in Health System of the Republic of Belarus