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1

Reincarnation in Plato and in the Christian Perspective

100%

Mantzanas M.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

195-204

EN

The present study focuses on research about reincarnation in order to formulate some preliminary conclusions concerning various philosophical theories. The overview extends over a considerable period range, from ancient Greek and up to the patristic tradition. The relevant issues include the problem of evil, the question of human decomposition and death as well as reincarnation (metempsychosis) in the Platonic thought. The problem of evil is a problem of reason that emerges from the philosophical background of ancient Greek thought but also from the subsequent Christian patristic thought and transforms itself into diverse concepts (e.g. the significance of justice). According to the original thought of Socrates, evil is associated with ignorance and good with knowledge. This point of view is given a brief review in the philosophical thought of several important representatives of the patristic tradition (e.g., Origen and Gregory of Nyssa). On the other hand, the idea of immortality of the soul, which dates to the religious movement of the Orphic mysteries (seventh century BC) means that the persistence of the immortal soul at the moment of death needs the use of a new body. This essay will try to analyze the ancient character of the myth of reincarnation through the perspectives of philosophy and religion.

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Тема метемпсихоза в поэзии Николая Гумилева

72%

Сундукова К.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Rossica

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2022

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issue 15

119-128

EN

The article is devoted to Nikolay Gumilev’s appeal to the topic of recalling past incarnations, understood as the mystical ability of memory. This topic was popular in the period of the Silver Age in Russian literature. Despite the acmeist’s refusal to turn to mystical experience, the theme of rebirth and memories of past lives was realised by Gumilev throughout his entire work, i.e. starting with the book Romantic Flowers and up to a number of poems from the book Pillar of Fire. It is from this point of view that the poems under the titles of “Credo”, “Adam`s Dream”, “Eternal”, “Primal Memory”, “A Memory”, “The Lost Tram”, and others are considered. These texts are somewhat similar to each other at the level of motivational organisation: the depiction of earthly life as a dream and death as the awakening; the motif of ringing and harmony, referring to the theme of creativity; the motif of sensory perception of the earthly world through physical love; or the motif of the path and life as a directed movement. In the early texts, memories of past lives and existing before birth are painted in harmonious tones, while in later poems it is eschatological motifs that come to the fore. In addition, in the poems titled “A Memory” and “The Lost Tram”, the theme of network psychosis is metaphorised; it becomes a way to tell about the experience of one lived life, included in a wide mythopoetic context. It is interesting that the mystical property attributed to memory to overcome the boundaries of life is consistent with a number of modernist concepts of culture (Aby Warburg, Thomas Stearns Eliot, and Osip Mandelstam), implying the resurrection of past eras. Thus, Gumilev’s appeal to the theme of metempsychosis can be placed in the context of the idea of ‘cultural synchronicity’.

RU

В статье рассматривается обращение Николая Гумилева к популярной в литературе Серебряного века теме припоминания прошлых воплощений, понятой как мистическая способность человеческой памяти. Несмотря на постулируемый акмеистами отказ от обращения к мистическому опыту, тема перерождения и воспоминания о прошлых жизнях разрабатывается Гумилевым на протяжении всего его творчества: начиная с книги Романтические цветы и вплоть до ряда стихотворений из книги Огненный столп. С этой точки зрения рассмотрены стихотворения Credo, Сон Адама, Вечность, Прапамять, Память, Заблудившийся трамвай и некоторые другие. Эти тексты обнаруживают определенное сходство на уровне мотивной организации: изображение земной жизни как грезы, а смерти как пробуждения; мотив звона и созвучия, отсылающий к теме творчества; мотив чувственного восприятия земного мира через физическую любовь; мотив пути и жизни как направленного движения. В ранних текстах воспоминание о прошлых жизнях и бытии до рождения окрашены в гармоничные тона, в более поздних стихотворениях на первый план выходят эсхатологические мотивы. Кроме того, в стихотворениях Память и Заблудившийся трамвай тема метемпсихоза метафоризируется, становится способом рассказать об опыте одной прожитой жизни, включенной в широкий мифопоэтический контекст. Интересно, что приписываемое памяти мистическое свойство преодолевать границы жизни созвучно ряду модернистских концепций культуры (Аби Варбург, Томас Стерн Элиот и Осип Мандельштам), подразумевающих воскрешение в творчестве прошедших эпох. Обращение Гумилева к теме метемпсихоза может быть помещено в контекст идеи о культурной синхронии.

3

Chrześcijaństwo a reinkarnacja i metempsychoza w świetle polemiki Tertuliana z Platonem

72%

Filipowicz A. M.

Vox Patrum

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2010

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vol. 55

189-212

EN

The aim of this article is to show what the standpoint of Christianity in first centuries was among pagan conviction and teaching about reincarnation and metempsychosis. The author of this dissertation analyses Tertullian’s treatise On the Soul in context of Plato’ Dialogues. The first part of article puts in order meaning of terms: life after the death, immortality, resurrection, metempsychosis, metensomatosis, palingenesis, reincarnation, pre-existence of the soul. In the second part are discussed most important aspects of Plato’ view on the soul. Then are presented arguments (15) which Tertullian used to criticize Plato’ teaching about ideas and theory of anamnesis and to overthrow theory of reincarnation and metempsychosis. The conclusion takes recollection of standpoint and documents of the Church with reference to discussed matters.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Rossica

1 Peitho. Examina Antiqua

1 Vox Patrum

1 Filipowicz A. M.

1 Mantzanas M.

1 Сундукова К.

1 2022

1 2015

1 2010

Reincarnation in Plato and in the Christian Perspective

Тема метемпсихоза в поэзии Николая Гумилева

Chrześcijaństwo a reinkarnacja i metempsychoza w świetle polemiki Tertuliana z Platonem