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PL
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, że miasta są bardzo często atakowane ze względu na swoją cechę „inności”. Przez „innego” można rozumieć inną religię, inną etniczność, inną kulturę, inne poglądy polityczne lub inne osoby, co jest ściśle związane z ideą różnorodności, heterogeniczności, pluralizmu i gęstości jako istotnych cech współczesnych miast. Autorka analizuje teorie wyjaśniające motywy niszczenia miast, takie jak te traktujące niszczenie miast jako część ludobójstwa lub jak odrębna teoria miastobójstwa. Wreszcie autorka proponuje spojrzenie na niszczenie miast przez pryzmat niszczenia „innego” i możliwości wspólnoty. Wykorzystywane metody badawcze to analiza treści oraz analiza formalno-prawna. Analiza formalno-prawna koncentruje się na orzecznictwie Międzynarodowego Trybunału Karnego do spraw Zbrodni w b. Jugosławii, a analiza treści na relewantnej literaturze z pogranicza studiów miejskich i studiów międzynarodowych.
EN
The aim of this article is to show that cities are very often attacked because of their characteristic of ‘otherness’. ‘The other’ may be understood as other religion, other ethnicity, other culture, other political views or other people which is closely related to the idea of diversity, heterogeneity, pluralism and density as essential features of contemporary cities. The author examines theories explaining motives for destroying cities like the latter being a part of genocide or a distinct theory of urbicide. Finally the author proposes looking at the destruction of cities through the lens of destroying ‘the other’ and the possibility of a community. The research methods used include desk research and formal-legal analysis. Formal-legal analysis focuses on the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the desk research on the relevant literature at the intersection of urban studies and international studies.
EN
In spite of the existing international regulations protecting the cultural heritage of mankind during wartime, the problem itself remains unsolved. Observing the atrocities of the Gulf War, the hostilities in Afghanistan and the recent war in Chechnya as well as former Yugoslavia we pay insufficient attention to the intentional destruction of cultural property. Taking these facts into consideration, the International Association of Art Law (AIDA) prepared a draft for an international convention against crimes known as: URBICIDE and CULTURAL GENOCIDE which, in fact, constitute wilful damage of monuments of national culture. The text, first discussed during an AIDA symposium held in Venice in September 1995, and then published in „AIDA News”, no. 7/1995, appears to be a particularly important effort to cease the unrestricted destruction of historic towns, temples, monastic complexes, museums and archives by means of increasingly efficient weapons. In a foreword to the translated text, the author recalls the premises of international conventions and expresses his conviction that the AIDA convention should become widely known in Poland, a country deprived of its cultural heritage during the second world war, where the convention should find, at the very least, strong moral support.
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