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EN
Parent and Child Migration – Challenges and Solutions for Social Support SystemAccording to the most recent demographic data, Poland remains a country of net emigration, with population outflows significantly higher than the numbers for the incoming flows. A high ratio of 75% of the temporary migrants has remained abroad for 12 months and longer becoming residents of immigration countries. Intensive international movements of Poles lead to changes in social relations and in family functioning and often to it temporary or permanent restructuring. They generate the full range of problems which in many cases require not just the extemporary reactions of social care institutions but the design of entire social security system to help and support families and children themselves. This article is focused on two significant challenges. First one is the situation of children whose parents (one or both) migrate and which are colloquially and stigmatizingly called Euro-orphans. The second one – connected mostly with education system – is the help for children returning to Poland and to the Polish school after a period of staying abroad.
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EN
The outbreak of the war in Ukraine on February 24, 2022 resulted in the introduction of regulations in Poland containing a number of facilities for Ukrainian citizens, including full access to the labour market, including labour market services and instruments. On the one hand, the fact of the arrival of Ukrainian citizens to the territory of Poland may constitute a positive impulse for the Polish labour market, e.g. by filling the current labour shortages in certain occupations and industries. On the other hand, the question arises whether the mass influx of Ukrainians may limit Polish citizens' access to jobs, especially those that do not require high qualifications. The article presents Polish and European legal regulations, their changes after the outbreak of the armed conflict and an analysis of the available data on Ukrainian citizens in the labour market.
PL
Wybuch wojny na Ukrainie 24 lutego 2022 r. spowodował, że w Polsce wprowadzono regulacje zawierające szereg ułatwień dla obywateli Ukrainy, m.in. pełny dostęp do rynku pracy, w tym do usług i instrumentów rynku pracy. Z jednej strony fakt przybycia na terytorium Polski obywateli Ukrainy może stanowić pozytywny impuls dla polskiego rynku pracy, m.in. poprzez uzupełnienie istniejących aktualnie niedoborów pracowników w niektórych zawodach i branżach. Z drugiej strony pojawia się pytanie, czy masowy napływ Ukraińców może ograniczyć obywatelom polskim dostępność do miejsc pracy, w szczególności tych, które nie wymagają wysokich kwalifikacji. W artykule przedstawiono przepisy prawne polskie i europejskie, ich zmiany po wybuchu konfliktu zbrojnego oraz analizę dostępnych danych na temat obywateli Ukrainy na rynku pracy.
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