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EU Accession and Migration: Evidence for Bulgarian Migration to Germany

100%

Kovacheva V.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

2014

vol. 3

issue 2

173-188

Bulgaria’s European Union accession in 2007 turned the country’s citizens from third-country nationals with restricted mobility rights into EU citizens with rights to free movement within the EU. Economic rights were restricted for seven years by transitional periods in the free movement of workers. This article explores changes in the Bulgarian migration pattern to Germany after 2007 in the specific context of free movement with restricted freedom to work, and analyses the extent to which those changes can be related to that particular regime. Starting from this point, Bulgarian migration patterns to Germany are overviewed and a periodisation of migration since the World War II is suggested. Changes in the dynamics, forms and composition of migration after EU accession in 2007 are analysed, based on administrative data and a small-scale survey among Bulgarian migrants in Hamburg. Both the administrative data and the survey results provide empirical grounding for a plausible relation between EU accession and migration patterns. The scale of migration has increased and more temporary migration has taken place. However, the rise of migration can be attributed not only to new migration from Bulgaria but also, to a large extent, to a redirection of migration flows from other destination countries and the legalisation of irregular migrants. Circular migration has lost to a great extent relevance which could be plausibly explained by changed migration strategies under a regime of free movement. Despite transitional periods in the free movement of workers, labour migration has become a predominant form of mobility. Transitional periods did not prevent migrants from moving to Germany but, given the reduced labour market opportunities, may have hampered their successful labour market integration.

Transformaciones socioeconómicas en el Noroeste del Estado de México (1980-2010)

58%

SKOCZEK M.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

2010

vol. 2

issue 13

491-501

The paper contains some observations and reflexions – results from field research in Mazahua Region, in the nortwestern part of the State of Mexi-co, conducted in February 2010 by the geographers from the Warsaw University and the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. This field research has been a first part of the common research project planned for the period 2010-2012. The author’s reflexions deal with the three elements of socioeconomic changes in the region during the last thirty years: the new migration patterns, the programmes of economic aid and social assistance and the projects of community tourism, presented in the region since the last years of the XX century.

El texto contiene algunas observaciones y reflexiones resultantes del recorrido por la zona mazahua, en el Noroeste del Estado de México, realizado en febrero de 2010 por los geógrafos de la Universidad de Varsovia y la Universidad Au-tónoma del Estado de México, como un estudio piloto del proyecto de investigación conjunta prevista para los años 2010-2012. Las reflexiones se concentran en tres ele-mentos de transformaciones socioeconómicas ocurridas en la zona del estudio en los últimos treinta años. Se presentan los nuevos patrones migratorios, los programas de apoyo económico y de la asistencia social y los proyectos del turismo comunitario que empezaron a realizarse a caballos del siglo XX y XXI.

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1 Central and Eastern European Migration Review

1 Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

1 Kovacheva V.

1 SKOCZEK M.

1 2014

1 2010

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EU Accession and Migration: Evidence for Bulgarian Migration to Germany

Transformaciones socioeconómicas en el Noroeste del Estado de México (1980-2010)