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Socjolingwistyczny status surżyka

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EN
The paper presents the phenomenon of Surzhyk as a specific mixed sociolect in Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism. The first part describes the process of the rise of Surzhyk as a result of the expansion of Russian on Ukrainian, and the difficulties one encounters when classifying the term within the theory of language contact. The second part focuses on the current social attitude toward the phenomenon, and the role played by the media in the shaping of the social opinion regarding the competition of public use languages in the Ukraine. The summary contains a prognosis of the development and/or functioning of the phenomenon in practice.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy sytuacji językowej na Śląsku Cieszyńskim w Republice Czeskiej, który zamieszkuje m.in. polska mniejszość narodowa. W pierwszej kolejności zostały podane i wyjaśnione podstawowe pojęcia odnoszące się do omawianego regionu i opisane wydarzenia historyczne, które doprowadziły do obecnej sytuacji językowej. Następnie przytoczono cechy typowego członka polskiej mniejszości na Śląsku w Republice Czeskiej. W dalszej kolejności poświęcono uwagę językom i ich odmianom, które kształtowały lokalną mowę potoczną, szczególnie zaś samej mowie „po naszymu”, przedstawionej we fragmentach autentycznych tekstów. W artykule zawarto również informacje o tym, jak przebiegały spory o afiliację gwary zachodniocieszyńskiej do czeskiego lub polskiego języka etnicznego.
EN
This article deals with the language situation in the Czech part of Cieszyn in Silesia, where, among others, members of a Polish national minority live. First, the author introduces and explains basic notions concerning the region and offers a brief description of the historical development that has led to its present state. She presents the basic properties of a typical member of the Polish minority in the Czech part of Silesia. Subsequently, the author devotes attention to the languages and their varieties which have shaped the local common language, especially the speech itself, which is presented in the form of extracts from authentic texts. The third part of the article contains information about how disputes about the affiliation of the West Cieszyn dialect to the Czech or Polish ethnic language took place.
EN
In the article the subject of attention is the comm unication strategies of pupils in schools with Polish as the language of instruction in the Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia. The pupils know more than one language code – at a minimum, th e local dialect, Polish and Czech, and they alternating between these codes in linguistic communication daily. The article presents excerpts from interviews with these pupils conducte d by the authors (and researchers), in which the causes, methods and consequences of such specific communication strategies are revealed. The main triggers of code changes were found to be mainly changes of conversation topics and changes in the language of communication partners. The article also touches upon other issues: the conceptualization of the wor ld through traditional dialect, the utility of dialects in the contemporary world of technological, scientific and cultural progress and the emergence of mixed supranational spoken languages, etc.
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