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EN
The increase in migration at the international level also increases the number of religiously mixed marriages. The Catholic Church advises against entering into such marriages because this issue refers to the laws of God and the question of preserving faith. The Catholic Church approves of mixed marriages in terms of nationality or race because belonging to the Church is primarily determined by faith in Jesus Christ and baptism in the name of the Holy Trinity. Independently of canon law, progressive social secularization is noticeable on that subject matter.
EN
The Russian Federation is a multiethnic and multi-faith state, where representatives of different nations and religions live close to one another. The natural proximity of so many nations can be the reason for the increase or decrease of ethnic distance. What is more, it may foster intercultural mixed marriages. The issue of popularity of marriages between Muslims and residents of Slavic Russia has been attracting the Russian public opinion for several years. The article discusses the motivations of Russian women, non-Muslims seeking a Muslim husband. The analysis is based on the quantitative and qualitative content of messages posted on the Internet portal Moya sem’ya to thread Vy lubite kavkaskikh/vostochnykh mushchin? The author took an attempt to answer the question why Muslims – usually coming from the North Caucasus – are – according to Russian women – better candidates for a life partner.
EN
Globalization phenomena not only enhance cultural cognition but also foster establishing close relationships, which might be also legally confirmed. Today, many borders - like the Polish-Czech one - are “dematerialized” and exist more in the memory and awareness of people than in the physical sense. For the needs of the analyses, the category of borderland in its territorial sense was applied. Living in the borderland provides chances for establishing close interpersonal relations. What enhances the establishing of such relations in the case of the Polish-Czech borderland are the similarity of languages, common history and cultural closeness. This also fosters contracting mixed marriages. However, do close neighbourhood and similar social environments really make people seek contacts with neighbours? Does this enhance shaping a positive attitude to cultural diversity. The conducted analyses were aimed at familiarizing with the declarations of the examined university students from Poland and the Czech Republic concerning the way in which mixed marriages are perceived in their environment.
EN
In this article, I discuss the issues of mixed marriages, referring to research conducted by Polish sociologists, psychologists and educators. On this basis, I try to show possible areas of conflict in this type of relationships, various strategies for working out compromises as well as various relations with the social microstructure. I emphasise problems related to bringing up children in a bi-cultural family environment, in particular aspects of bi-religious home education. My intention is also to identify potential areas of intercultural enrichment and the emergence of new cultural capital in mixed families. I also reflect on PolishJewish marriages by recalling the biography of a representative of the third generation of the Holocaust survivors, married to a Catholic, who has introduced, together with her husband, a model of dualistic education. The research was based on the biographical method, unstructured/indepth interviews. The article presents one of the elements of broader research, which focused on the construction of  the socio-cultural identity of the narrators.
EN
The purpose of this study is to examine joint properties in mixed marriages and restrictions on foreign land ownership, as laws pertaining to mixed marriages are frequently ambiguous and difficult to comprehend, including those regarding joint property. The majority of couples in mixed marriages don’t make an agreement regarding the division of assets, as is necessary under the Marriage Law. In the absence of a marriage contract, joint assets are mixed, which means that foreigners own fifty percent of the joint assets. The Land Law (UUPA) prohibits foreigners from possessing land rights other than usufruct and rental rights. This study shows that the land ownership status of Indonesian citizens is the same as that of foreign citizens if a couple in a mixed marriage does not reach an agreement regarding the division of assets. The Marriage Law requires the separation of assets in mixed marriages both at the time of agreement and at the time of consummation, and the institution of marriage can facilitate legal evasion and smuggling in order to acquire land rights in Indonesia.
XX
The article juxtaposes representations of mothers and daughters in selected African American novels that feature near-white female protagonists: W. W. Brown’s Clotel, Or the President’s Daughter (1853), Frances E. W. Harper’s Iola Leroy (1892), Charles Chesnutt’s The House behind the Cedars (1900), and Pauline Hopkins’s Hagar’s Daughter (1902). It explores the matrilineal opposition through a formalist close analysis of the melodramatic poetics of the texts and examines the political signifi cance of such aesthetic choices. The novels expose the American history of interracial relations through their foregrounding of the mulatta protagonists and numerous scenes of anagnorisis of their multiracial identities. Simultaneously, their “erotics of politics” rewards the choice of a black spouse and thus celebrates the emergence of the self-determined black community.
EN
This article presents the issue of moral upbringing in families based on a mixed Catholic-Lutheran marriage in a synthetic way. In the time of the crisis of upbringing as such, it becomes essential to pay attention to moral upbringing, which is the foundation of all education, and should be passed on by parents, as the first educators. They take actions that, despite a difference in religion, guide children to form a moral conscience, proper interpersonal relations, and educate them about love, that should be based on truth. In mixed denominational families, the transmission of moral upbringing takes place in the spirit of ecumenism, which means that, despite the threats that may arise, the testimony of Christian love and unity speaks out even stronger.
EN
The article presents the institution of marriage in the Waldensian Church, which is part of Evangelical churches. Their doctrine constitutes the basis for the inception of the theology of marriage subordinated to the norms of the Italian civil law. Despite the fact that the Waldensian Church supports the durability of marriage, it also allows it to be dissolved if mutual forgiveness and remaining in the brotherly communion within the bosom of the church are preserved. The relations between members of the Waldensian Church and Catholics have led to the development of common principles regarding mixed marriages. These principles are intended to explain the notion of marriage from the perspective of each church, identify conjoint points and discrepancies and establish pastoral guidelines for dealing with this type of marriage from the perspective of Waldensians.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia instytucję małżeństwa w Kościele waldensów przynależącym do Kościołów ewangelickich. Na ich doktrynie wypracowano teologię małżeństwa pod- porządkowaną normom włoskiego prawa cywilnego. Mimo że Kościół ten popiera trwałość małżeństwa, to jednak dopuszcza możliwość rozwodu na podstawie wzajemnego prze- baczenia i trwania w komunii braterskiej na łonie Kościoła. Związki wiernych Kościoła waldensów z katolikami doprowadziły do wypracowania wspólnych zasad w zakresie małżeństw mieszanych. Nawiązują one do wyjaśnienia pojęcia małżeństwa z perspektywy każdego z Kościołów, ustalenia punktów wspólnych i rozbieżności oraz wyznaczają wska- zówki duszpasterskie dla tego typu małżeństw ukazanych w tej publikacji z perspektywy waldensów.
EN
Pedagogical analysis of the issues addressed in the study adopts theoretical and methodological conceptualisations, referring to Paweł Boski's (1) theory of cultural identity based on values and practices in conditions of bicultural and multicultural socialisation, Tadeusz Lewowicki's (2) theory of identity behaviours, and (3) comparative analysis in international studies. The basis for outlining the sense of identity in local, regional, national, European and extra-European dimensions manifested by academic youth and their perceptions of mixed marriages was an international comparative study conducted from 2019 to 2021 in the Polish-Czech-Slovak-Ukrainian borderland. The analysis and interpretation of the collected empirical material indicate that – although there have been political transformations in the neighbouring countries, they cooperate in many spheres – both traditional ('constant') elements and new phenomena and processes, determined by the complexity and diversity of historical, cultural-social, cultural-personal and economic conditions, are preserved in the image of identity behaviour manifested by students today. These shape with particular intensity the cultural identity of young learners in the years of early adulthood.
EN
Women’s migrations are part of the context of global political, economic and social changes. The phenomenon of the growing feminisation of migration conditioned by a greater awareness of women, their emancipation, as well as autonomy. In the era of globalization, entering into marriages mixed is quite common and an interdisciplinary area researching many scientific studies.
PL
Migracje kobiet wpisują się w kontekst globalnych zmian politycznych, gospodarczych i społecznych. Zjawisko rosnącej feminizacji migracji uwarunkowane jest większą świadomością kobiet, ich emancypacją, a także autonomicznością. W dobie globalizacji zawieranie małżeństw mieszanych jest dość powszechne i stanowi interdyscyplinarny obszar badawczy wielu naukowych opracowań.
Ius Matrimoniale
|
2022
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vol. 33
|
issue 2
161-174
PL
W zaprezentowanym opracowaniu przedmiotem uwagi Autora stała się kwestia statusu Żydów Mesjanistycznych w przedmiocie małżeństw mieszanych w kanonicznym porządku prawnym. Badając doktrynę wspólnoty Żydów Mesjanistycznych Autor wykazał, iż charakteryzuje się ona synkretyzmem, zawierając zarówno elementy judaistyczne, jak i chrześcijańskie, wśród których istotną staje się wiara w Jezusa Chrystusa jako Mesjasza. Patrząc na tą doktrynę przez pryzmat regulacji dotyczących małżeństw mieszanych w prawie kanonicznym (kan. 1086, 1125 KPK/83) dowiódł, iż o statusie drugiej strony nie decyduje wiara w Chrystusa, ale przyjęty chrzest; tego sakramentu nie przyjmuje się natomiast u Żydów Mesjanistycznych. Stąd też traktować ich należy jako nieochrzczonych. W efekcie podpadają oni pod przeszkodę różności religii (kan. 1086 KPK/83). Oprócz tego Autor wskazał, iż pokaźna część członków tej wspólnoty jest nie-Żydami, o proweniencji chrześcijańskiej, dlatego też należy ich traktować jako ochrzczonych; podpadają więc oni pod przeszkodę odmiennego wyznania (kan. 1125 KPK/83).
EN
In the presented study, the subject of the Author’s attention became the question of the status of Messianic Jews in the subject of mixed marriages in the canonical legal order. Examining the doctrine of the messianic Jewish community, the author showed that it is characterized by syncretism, containing both Judaic and Christian elements, among which faith in Jesus Christ as the Messiah becomes essential. Looking at this doctrine through the prism of the regulations concerning mixed marriages in the canonical law (can. 1086, 1125 CIC/83), he proved that the status of the other party is not determined by faith in Christ, but by baptism; this sacrament is not received among Messianic Jews. Therefore, they should be treated as unbaptized. As a result, they fall under the obstacle of the diversity of religions (can. 1086 CIC/83). In addition, the Author pointed out that a large part of the members of this community are gentiles of Christian provenance, and therefore they should be treated as baptized; they therefore fall under the obstacle of a different religion (can. 1125 CIC/83).
PL
Artykuł, zwracając uwagę na wciąż rosnące liczby świadczące o przemieszczaniu się ludności w zglobalizowanym świecie (turystyka, migracje, również edukacyjne, wymiana studentów w ramach programu Erasmus+), przedstawia – niezbyt często poruszany w literaturze przedmiotu – problem małżeństw mieszanych, które nazywane są również heterogamicznymi czy międzykategorialnymi. Małżonków może różnić religia, pochodzenie etniczne, rasa, narodowość, obywatelstwo. Często zdarza się, że dzieli ich więcej niż jedna cecha. Należy więc mówić o różnicach społeczno-kulturowo- religijnych, które dotyczą nie tylko pary małżeńskiej, ale też obu rodzin ich pochodzenia. Zjawisko to autorka ukazuje na tle ogólnych informacji o małżeństwie jako podstawowej instytucji społecznej tak w świeckim jego rozumieniu, jak i w obrębie dwóch największych religii – chrześcijaństwa (głównie rzymskokatolickiej) i islamu. Obok związków mieszanych w ramach największej grupy wyznaniowej, szczególną uwagę zwraca na małżeństwa chrześcijan z muzułmanami – wyznawcami dziś najbardziej kontrowersyjnymi. Nie pomija też kwestii doboru małżeńskiego, którą autorka opiera o wybrane teorie oparte na wynikach badań socjologicznych, psychologicznych, a nawet ekonomicznych. Artykuł, w oparciu o prezentację wybranych wyników badań, w tym własnych autorki (sondaż diagnostyczny dotyczący stosunku studentów pedagogiki do islamu), zamyka konkluzja mówiąca o znaczeniu małżeńskiej miłości jako wartości, której realizacja jest niezbędna do satysfakcjonującego wspólnego życia w małżeństwach, a tym samym w rodzinach, zróżnicowanych kulturowo.
EN
The article, paying attention to the increasing numbers being the evidence of the movement of people in a globalized world (tourism, migration, including the educational ones, student exchanges as part of Erasmus+ program), presents – not often addressed in the literature – problem of mixed marriages, which are also called heterogamic or intercategorial marriages. Religion, ethnicity, race, nationality, citizenship may make the spouse different. It often happens that more than one feature may separate them. One should therefore talk about the socio-cultural-religious differences, which concern not only the married couple, but both families of their origin. This author shows this phenomenon on the background of general information on marriage as a fundamental social institution both in its secular meaning and within the two major religions– Christianity (mainly Roman Catholic religion) and Islam. Apart from mixed marriages in the largest religious group, the special attention is paid to the marriages of Christians with Muslims – today’s most controversial followers. She does not ignore the issue of the choice of marriage, which is based on selected theories based on the results of sociological, psychological and even economic studies. The article, based on the presentation of selected results, including the author’s own results (diagnostic survey on the attitude of pedagogy students to Islam) is closed by the conclusion presenting the importance of conjugal love as a value, the implementation of which is essential to a satisfying life together in marriages, and thus in culturally diverse families.
Prawo Kanoniczne
|
2015
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vol. 58
|
issue 2
47-56
EN
The origins of the marital announcements issue concerning persons of dierent church aliation, go back to the eighteenth century. Since then, this issue has been regulated by the particularistic law, which was largely conditioned by the civil law. So far, there has been formulated only one do- cument of general nature which focuses on this subject – Pio-Benedictine Code. Codication of John Paul II does not mention the discussed issue. In Poland the discussed issue appears in the Polish Episcopal Conference Instructions on preparing for marriage in the Catholic Church and in the Polish Episcopal Conference Instructions on the pastoral care for marriages of dierent church aliation. However, they do not give clear guidelines, but some tips which certain standards of conduct can be inferred from. Perhaps the new Polish Episcopal Conference Instruction on marriage in the Catholic Church, which is being presently prepared, will regulate this issue in detail. 
PL
 
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2013
|
vol. 23
|
issue 4
119-142
EN
Marriage contracted between a Catholic party and a non-Catholic spouse of an Eastern rite in Orthodox Church with no dispensation from the canonical form enjoys the favour of law. It means that within forum internum and forum externum it should be treated as contracted validly unless the church tribunal says it is invalid. A Catholic who in such circumstances utters his or her consensus commits a sin and crime which should be punished with just penalty. Such marriage should be noted in the marriage register of the parish in which it was contracted and in the baptism register of the Catholic party. The Catholic spouse is bound to notify as soon as possible the same ordinary and pastor about the marriage celebrated. Due to the complexity of the matter it is recommended that the priest before drawing the marital contract consult the local ordinary. If there were any premises which could lead to challenging the preassumtion of marriage validity, the ordinary should resolve whether this marriage could be convalidated or brought forward before the promoter of justice to question the validity of so contracted marriage. If any of the parties entered in marriage according to the law of their respective community, the first marriage has the favour of law. In such a case there are premises to proclaim the nullity of the marriage contracted in the Orthodox Church.
PL
Podczas obowiązywania Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1917 r. działalność duszpasterska w przypadku małżeństw mieszanych była raczej ograniczona. Dla Kościoła katolickiego najważniejsza była ochrona wiary katolickiej oraz chrzest i katolickie wychowanie dzieci. Przyszli małżonkowie musieli złożyć odpowiednie rękojmie, aby otrzymać dyspensę od przeszkody odmiennego wyznania. Po Soborze Watykańskim II Kościół katolicki dostrzegł inne potrzeby małżeństw mieszanych: kształtowanie postaw moralnych, pielęgnowanie wiary i wiedzy religijnej, organizację praktyk religijnych i świąt, właściwe relacje z Kościołem drugiej strony. Zgodnie z Kodeksem Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. małżonkowie powinni otrzymywać pomoc w utrzymaniu jedności życia małżeńskiego i rodzinnego. Ustawodawca zrezygnował również z rękojmi strony katolickiej, zastępując ją deklaracją i przyrzeczeniem. Podstawą opieki powinny być nie tylko zobowiązania strony katolickiej, ale przede wszystkim to, co małżonków łączy – wspólny chrzest i wspólne wartości moralne. Obecnie Kościół katolicki widzi w małżeństwach mieszanych potencjał do ekumenicznej działalności. Ponadto zobowiązuje duszpasterzy do nawiązania współpracy z kapłanami innych wyznań.
EN
While the 1917 Code of Canon Law was applicable, pastoral activity for mixed marriages was rather limited. For the Catholic Church, protection of the Catholic faith as well as baptism and Catholic upbringing children were the most important. Future spouses had to submit appropriate warranties to receive a dispensation from the impediment of a different faith. Following the Second Vatican Council, the Catholic Church recognized other needs of mixed marriages: shaping moral attitudes, nurturing faith and religious knowledge, organizing religious practices and celebrating holidays, and proper relations with the Church. According to the 1983 Code of Canon Law, married couples should be assisted in maintaining the unity of marital and family life. The legislator also abandoned the warranty, replacing it with a declaration and promise of the Catholic side. The basis for care should be not only the pledges of the Catholic side but above all what the spouses are united by – baptism and moral values. Currently, the Catholic Church sees potential for ecumenical activity in mixed marriages. Moreover, the Church obliges pastors to establish cooperation with priests of other faiths.
PL
W niniejszym artykule podejmuję rozważania na temat wychowania międzykulturowego w rodzinie mieszanej (w małżeństwach katolicko-żydowskich). W szczególności przyglądam się konstruowaniu różnych świeckich i religijnych wzorców dwukulturowego życia rodzinnego oraz możliwym formom i treściom międzypokoleniowego przekazu rodzinnego w dorosłym pokoleniu Żydów. Badania, przeprowadzone w latach 2018–2022, oparte zostały na metodzie biograficznej – łącznie zrealizowano 15 wywiadów pogłębionych. W artykule prezentuję jedynie fragment szerszego projektu, skupiam się na biografiach czterech kobiet pochodzenia żydowskiego – trzy z nich to przedstawicielki trzeciego pokolenia powojennego. Wszystkie zaś próbują łączyć wychowanie etniczne z dualistycznym, ze względu na typ zawartego związku dwukulturowego lub stosunek do kultury dominującej. Część analityczna stanowi krótką rekonstrukcję typu rodziny pochodzenia, autoidentyfikacji, definicji kulturowej rodziny własnej oraz argumentacji dotyczącej transmisji dziedzictwa żydowskiego każdej z kobiet. Wypowiedzi uczestniczek badań na temat sposobów celebracji podwójnych świąt zebrano w tabeli. Narratorki tworzą typ kulturowo otwarty rodziny własnej oraz w jednym przypadku typ kulturowo zdeklarowany (według klasyfikacji Alicji Szerląg).
EN
In this article, intercultural education in a mixed family (in Catholic-Jewish marriages) is explored. In particular, my focus is on the construction of various secular and religious patterns of bicultural family life and the possible forms and content of intergenerational family transmission in the adult generation of Jews. The research conducted in 2018–2022 was based on the biographical method – a total of 15 in-depth interviews were carried out. In the article, only a part of a broader project is presented. The biographies of four women of Jewish origin are explored – three of them are representatives of the third post-war generation. All of them try to combine ethnic and dualistic education, due to the type of bicultural marriage or the attitude to the dominant culture. The analytical part is a short reconstruction of the type of family origin, self-identification, cultural definition of one’s own family and opinions regarding the transmission of the Jewish heritage of each woman. Statements of the participants of the research about the ways of celebrating double holidays are collected in a table. The narrators create a culturally open type of their own family and in one case a culturally declared type (according to Alicja Szerląg’s classification).
EN
Many centuries of co-habitation of Poles and Ruthenians in common areas of the borderland created an exceptional denominational situation. Both nations were often joined within one family. Problems caused by the meeting of Greek Catholic and Latin traditions should have been regulated by special Church documents of a local character, as well as by ones promulgated by the Holy See.
EN
The article analyzes teaching on marriage in two contemporary German Catechisms: Evangelischer Erwachsener Katechismus (Evangelical Catechism for Adults) and in the translated into Polish Catholic Catechism for Adults (Katolicki katechizm dorosłych). After a general introduction, the contents of the former is discussed as focusing round such as topics as: civil marriage and church wedding, the essence of marriage, forms of marriage, marriage divorce, mixed marriages. The discussed topics of the latter are: marriage as the Sacrament, essential qualities of marriages, and mixed marriages. The article ends with a short summary.    
PL
Artykuł analizuje naukę o małżeństwie w dwóch współczesnych, niemieckich katechizmach: Evangelischer Erwachsener Katechismus (Ewangelicki katechizm dla dorosłych) i w przetłumaczonym na język polski Katolickim katechizmie dorosłych. Po ogólnym wprowadzeniu treść pierwszego z nich zebrana jest wokół tematów: małżeństwo cywilne a ślub kościelny, istota małżeństwa, formy małżeństwa, rozwód małżeński, małżeństwa mieszane. Tematami drugiego są: małżeństwo jako sakrament, istotne przymioty małżeństwa, małżeństwa mieszane. Artykuł kończy krótkie podsumowanie.
Kościół i Prawo
|
2020
|
vol. 9 (22)
|
issue 2
159-174
EN
The legalization of illicit marriages entered into the Orthodox Church is a new procedural matter. The general decree of the Polish Episcopal Conference on the conduct of canonical and pastoral talks with spouses is the basis for this case. This procedure is to verify post factum is there nothing in the way to validity of the marriage. If there are no impediments, the fact of celebration of marriage should be noted in the appropriate parish marriage register. These activities will make way for the accurate identification of what Catholic has his or her status in the Church. It may also prevent from serious violation of the divine law.
PL
Legalizacja małżeństw niegodziwie zawartych w Cerkwi prawosławnej jest nową procedurą, której może zostać poddane małżeństwo katolicko-prawosławne na forum Kościoła katolickiego. Wprowadzone Dekretem ogólnym KEP o przeprowadzaniu rozmów kanoniczno-duszpasterskich z narzeczonymi przed zawarciem małżeństwa rozwiązania w tej materii stanowią ulepszoną formę poprzednio obowiązującej regulacji. Procedura ta ma na celu zweryfikowanie post factum, czy nic nie stało na przeszkodzie do ważnego zawarcia małżeństwo oraz, w przypadku braku co do tego wątpliwości, odnotowanie faktu zawarcia małżeństwa w odpowiednich księgach parafialnych. Czynności te umożliwią prawidłowe ustalenie statusu kanonicznego katolika, a także mogą zapobiec poważnym naruszeniom prawa Bożego.
EN
When looked at from the modern reader’s perspective, the “MarriageTable”, which is one of the elements of the so-called Haustafeln (household codes), is a quite difficult passage. This is more so since there are a few ofthem in the New Testament (Eph 5,22-6,9; Col 3,18-4,1; Tit 2,1-10 and 1 Pet2,13-3,7). The main difficulty that one encounters while reading them is thatthey stress a lower status of women, expressed in the idea of “subjection”.The “Marriage Table” in 1 Pet 3,1-7, which is examined in the article, addstwo aspects to the aforementioned interpretational problem: the religiousdiversity of spouses (mixed marriages) and, following it, violence. Numerouspreachers accept a literal interpretation of the text, arguing that a woman ina marriage with an aggressive husband should endure the violence. A contextualand intertextual reading, however, leads us to discover that the heroicact of sacrifice for the sake of the husband’s conversion is not obligatory,but should be treated as an act of free will. Therefore a woman’s voluntarysubmission as well as her being a victim of aggression for a greater goodcan subscribe to an idea of agape which Paul mentions in the “MarriageTable” of Eph 5,21-33.
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