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EN
The ultimate aim became the realisation of the political ideas of democracy, equality, and social justice" (Orlenius, 2001; Svingby, 1994,p. 57). The current study aimed to explore the concept of value education at Poornaprajna institutions that have adopted value education in their curriculum. Methods.The study was designed in a qualitative exploratory research approach. The researcher had adopted the interviews for a case study as a microscopic social study through observation and also studied the archival records in Poornaprajna institutions. The informal group interviews were administered as part of a qualitative research approach, and it aimed to collect data from twenty eight English teachers and students of Poornaprajna institutions. Result. The validity and trustworthiness of the study were established by adopting Miles and Hubeman's formula, and it is 0.91. The exploration and findings revealed the need and implication of value education in the present scenario. Furthermore, the data analysis revealed that value education is a process that begins at home and continues in society, and further, it continues in formal educational institutions. Conclusion. The study envisions that the educational institutions must integrate the curriculum with value education so that students’ cultural worlds, meanings they attribute to behaviour, events which essentially lead to the developmental process of the society. The National Education Policy 2019, aims to universalise education in India by 2025, and it also aims at inter- and multidisciplinary approaches in Indian education. The present study juxtaposes an interdisciplinary approach to English and value education.
EN
The article addresses the issue of ethics of global responsibility approached from a new and cosmocentric point of view. Philosophical considerations enriched by current natural knowledge allow us to look at the world from a cosmic perspective and at human nature from the evolutionary point of view which should be taken into account when defining the scope of our moral obligations. Questions concerning the human moral condition and the scope of human responsibility and the impact of that responsibility on human behavior in relation to the Earth and the Universe gain a distinctive meaning in the fight against various global perils and problems. The paper provides a justification of why contemporary ethics requires reformulation and such a complementing that would broaden the scope of moral responsibility so it would include not only the current and future generations and other species, but also the whole living community of the earth. Responsibility is treated here as a link that is ontic, evolutionarily shaped and characteristic for the homo sapiens species, which connects the human beings with the surrounding world. Such a conceived responsibility is the foundation of the sense of planetary solidarity and provides reasons to include the whole cosmic ecosphere into the scope of moral care.
EN
Norms and values set in professional ethics are viewed here as fundamentals of professional activity. Professional culture is a culture of thinking, acting and communicating. It arises from a specific professional work, its subject, methodology, and stylistic originality that allow to build ideal models of professional acting. Professional ethics lies at the intersection of the individual personal sphere, socially important results of professional activity and human values.
Res Rhetorica
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2017
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vol. 4
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issue 1
73-86
EN
The paper claims that in the online discussions on Facebook concerning veganism – a brand new social food habit in Western societies – one can observe the mixture of traditional moral and revolutionary arguments. The presence of almost-religious extremism impacts a veganism-related verbal and visual argumentation, and even violence against the vegans. From the technical point of view, in the discussions concerning the veganism the probability argument, the argument of going-beyond and the ad sacrificium argument prevail.
EN
The contribution of the environmental philosophy to the XX and XXI centuries philosophy renovation and their capacity to be applied to all aspects of social life is the core of this essay. The history of philosophy on the West is focused on the human condition, the environmental philosophy drive its thought to a global view of biodiversity and geodiversity, enlarged by the concept of biosphere. The dominant perspective of the modern philosophy set the morale in the order of the rules and social conventions and leave the ethics on the field of personal experience. Analyzing the concept of Kantian reason, and its ethic’s corollaries, this essay propose develop them to a new concept, “Environmental Reason”. Conceptualized as a new categorical imperative to the men’s action, beyond the principle that prescribe that we must conform individual acts with a universal law, configuring the human conduct within the limits that safeguard the continuity of life, but also the intrinsic values of earth and its biodiversity and geodiversity. A new perspective ethics founded in the principles of the critique of anthropocentrism and the critique of ethnocentrism represent a new ontology, and.a new epistemology, that could lead to a new ethics universal theory.
EN
The article is focused on Cervenka’s interpretation of Nietzsche’s philosophy. Moral philosophy is the main part and the most valuable outcome of Nietzsche’s thinking. The basic term in Cervenka’s commentary is immoralism. The term immoralism involves all important part of Nietzsche’s late thinking, the typology of two morals, his critic of present morality, his critics of Christianity, revaluation of all values and the idea of overman – Uebermensch.
EN
The model of the system of development of professionally pedagogical ethics for the future instructors of the special disciplines of higher educational establishments of nature protection and agrarian industries allows considering a purpose, task, content, stages, structural and functional components of the created system, and estimating its efficiency in future.
Ethics in Progress
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 1
118-127
EN
This study used a self-designed questionnaire to empirically evaluate Chinese and American undergraduate students’ recognition of moral values in six dimensions: honesty, civility & self-discipline, benevolence, unity & helping others, esteem, and filial piety. In total, 743 valid samples from 8 Chinese universities and 157 valid samples from 4 American universities were collected for an experimental comparison. Measurement results showed that the differences between Chinese and American college students were not significant in the dimensions of honesty, benevolence, esteem, and filial piety. These values, which originated in traditional Chinese culture, had the same priorities in both groups, confirming a certain degree of universality. However, significant intergroup differences existed in the civility and self-discipline dimension and the unity and helping others dimension. These results highlight the importance of enhancing Chinese college students’ moral consciousness, especially with esteem, and of enhancing American students’ consciousness of unity and helping others.
EN
Pope John Paul II teaches us that in the modern world there is a need of respect for the dignity of a human, which does not decrease over the time, but grows increasingly valid, particularly in the context of the progress of science and technology. Meanwhile the unrestricted progress may become a real threat to a man himself by insulting his dignity because of emigration, exile, hunger, famine, malnutrition, and poverty, which can be considered as fundamental threats to human and international order. Basically, the dignity of a human person requires taking steps that will  defend it and allow the development of it at the same time. That is why a growing awareness of the place and role of human dignity should be the heart of the joint world's religious, cultural, and legal heritage. A reflection on the dignity of the human person in the teaching of John Paul II revealed that he sees the various threats, but mainly believes that human dignity is a fundamental value for the existence of the individual and society. Bravely defending it, John Paul II emphasizes tasks of the state and the limits of democracy. His statements about the dignity ought to be implemented as a program not only for Catholics, but also for people of good will, and especially for diplomats and those responsible for the well-being of the whole world. Therefore, he tirelessly repeats this truth in his teachings aimed at diplomats.
PL
Jan Paweł II naucza, że we współczesnym świecie istnieje potrzeba poszanowania godności osoby ludzkiej, która nie maleje z upływem czasu, lecz jest coraz bardziej aktualna, szczególnie w kontekście postępu nauki czy techniki. Tymczasem niekontrolowany rozwój postępu może stanowić realne zagrożenie, dla samego człowieka poprzez obrazę jego godności z powodu: emigracji, uchodźctwa, głodu, niedożywienia, a także ubóstwa, co można uznać za podstawowe zagrożenia dla człowieka i ładu międzynarodowego. W gruncie rzeczy godność osoby ludzkiej domaga się podjęcia takich działań, które będą miały na celu jej ochronę i zarazem rozwój. Dlatego rosnąca świadomość miejsca i roli godności osoby ludzkiej, powinna być sercem wspólnego światowego dziedzictwa religijnego, kulturowego oraz prawnego. Refleksja na temat godności osoby ludzkiej w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II ukazuje, że widzi on jej różnorakie zagrożenia, ale przede wszystkim wyraża przekonanie, że godność osoby ludzkiej stanowi podstawową wartość dla egzystencji jednostki i społeczeństwa. Broniąc jej odważnie, ukazuje zadania państwa i granice demokracji. Jego wypowiedzi na temat godności winny stać się programem nie tylko dla katolików, lecz także dla ludzi dobrej woli, a szczególnie dla dyplomatów i osób odpowiedzialnych za losy całego świata. Dlatego w swoim nauczaniu do dyplomatów niestrudzenie prawdę tę przypomina.
EN
Philosophy, which reflects different anthropological solutions and theories of humanity, considered in the perspective of Christian philosophical anthropology in Poland, is the Thomistic phenomenology of action of K. Wojtyła – John Paul II. In this philosophical concept the starting point is the personal and axiological experience. It is analysis of the acts of conscious action. Act reveals the person (the moral significance of the person). Widely understood Wojtyla’s Personalism is a chance of a creative meeting for two philosophies – from Lublin and Cracow. The more the use of his thoughts, the more developed they become.
EN
Philosophy, which reflects different anthropological solutions and theories of humanity, considered in the perspective of Christian philosophical anthropology in Poland, is the Thomistic phenomenology of action of K. Wojtyła – John Paul II. In this philosophical concept the starting point is the personal and axiological experience. It is analysis of the acts of conscious action. Act reveals the person (the moral significance of the person). Widely understood Wojtyla’s Personalism is a chance of a creative meeting for two philosophies – from Lublin and Cracow. The more the use of his thoughts, the more developed they become.
EN
The article discusses two youthful fables of Julian Ejsmond. He analyses them in the context of ancient Greek Aesop’s fables and fables of Jean de La Fontaine. He also exploits fables of Franciszek Dzierżykraj-Morawski and Jan Lemański. He shows transformations of the ancient prototype above all. Fables of Ejsmond are an example of the return to sources, but being parodic redefining the tradition. These fables try to put widespread motifs straight. So occurring relations between texts of different authors, taking the same Aesopian subject up are an object of the work.
EN
The paper deals globally with the history of human and social values from Homer and Hesiod to the end of the fifth century. Special emphasis is given on the moral and social concepts expressed in some fundamental texts of the three major tragic poets (Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides). The paper is particularly focused on the signifi-cant discrimination between the competitive values, such as wealth and noble origin, and the cooperative ones, expressed in the concepts of justice, wisdom, temperance, modesty, and nobility of character, as well as the respect for the law and the human and political rights, which shaped the development of democracy.
EN
This article presents a theoretical analysis of the problem of educational influence of musical art in the formation of the child’s personality of the preschool age. The author notes that the development of a preschooler, his formation as a person - a cardinal problem for preschool education. Musical art has an inexhaustible potential impact on the internal world of the child, it is a kind of means of communication, promotes self-knowledge and self-expression of a personality, the formation of his world, as repeatedly told the writers, composers, teachers, psychologists, art historians, scientists in various spheres. In the direction of humanistic education through the art of music it is transformed into personal human values that are essential in human life. Aesthetic education of preschool children by means of music is aimed at developing the ability to perceive, feel and understand beauty, notice the good and bad, act independently, joining thus to different types of artistic activity. The author stresses that I. Gazina in her study has noted that the Ukrainian folk music and song that are easy to comprehend, highly emotive and full of meaning, reflecting the traditional Ukrainian national culture, undoubtedly the best educational factors impact on preschool children. Music for them is natural ambience that evokes creativity, develops artistic and aesthetic abilities of the individual, specifically affect the underlying processes of the internal world of the child, the formation of patriotic feelings and the formation of interest in the Ukrainian national values which, in turn, is a sure foundation for further formation of the citizen-patriot with wide national consciousness and identity. National culture is the basis of formation of a fully developed personality and its implementation. Musical activity creates the necessary conditions for the moral education of the individual, the formation of his moral qualities, education foundations of general culture. National education by means of music aimed at the formation of patriotic feelings and interest in Ukrainian national values, in turn, is a reliable foundation for the further formation of a citizen-patriot. Thus, the art of music has a great educational potential, the use of which contributes to the formation of the child’s personality of the preschool age.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie walorów literackich pisarstwa Stanisława Teofila Nowosielskiego, odnosząc się tylko wyjątkowo do tych utworów, które kierowane są pod adresem dzieci. Sporo uwagi poświęcono pozytywom jego dydaktyzmu. Pierwsza część artykułu dotyczy życiorysu i najważniejszych pozycji pisarza. W drugiej części tekstu wyróżniono dominanty tematyczno-formalne i dokonano charakterystyki każdej z nich. W podsumowaniu zostaje podkreślona konieczność praktycznego wykorzystywania utworów Nowosielskiego w pracy pedagogicznej nauczycieli, wychowawców, opiekunów, jak również rodziców.
EN
The aim of this article is to show the literary values of Stanisław Teofil Nowosielsk's writing, realating only osassionally to the works addressed to children. A lot of attention is devoted to his didacticism. The first part of the article deals with Nowosielski's life and his most important works. The second part lists predominant thematic-formal features and characterizes each of them. In the summary, the author emphasizes the necessity of using Nowosielski's works by teachers, form teachers, carers, on well as parents.
EN
Sexuality is one of the key conditions of a man in the world. At the same time though it hasn't been paid much attention to while studying the peculiarities of human existence. The article in question is aimed at researching the essence of sexuality.
PL
Seksualność jest jednym z kluczowych aspektów egzystencji człowieka. W aspekcie tym nie poświecono temu zjawisku dotąd należytej uwagi. W artykule przedstawiono poszukiwania autora w badaniu istoty seksualności.
EN
Recent years have belonged to the generation of people whose basic form of entertainment is the digital play. For some people games may be the source of entertainment, information, education or even religious life in a deeper form and evangelization, whilst for others this is the way leading to isolation from the family and society, addiction, deterioration of the marriage life, depravation of parental rights, illness or even crime. Thus we can speak about chances as well as threats for mankind the virtual reality games bring about. The latter stem from the fact that games occupy a substantial part of the player’s life: the world of games; the virtual world intrudes into the real world so much, that the player is deprived of a part of his real life and on numerous occasions deprived of his „here and now” identity. The virtual world makes it possible to escape from one’s own identity through the construction of some other identity; the identity that is often irresponsible and hypocritical. It appears that the dividing line of understanding what the virtual world and new media should be has been violated. Where are the borders of the real and the virtual world? The answers to the questions are to be found in the subsidiary principle and the moral order in the real and the virtual world.
EN
Recent years have belonged to the generation of people whose basic form of entertainment is the digital play. For some people games may be the source of entertainment, information, education or even religious life in a deeper form and evangelization, whilst for others this is the way leading to isolation from the family and society, addiction, deterioration of the marriage life, depravation of parental rights, illness or even crime. Thus we can speak about chances as well as threats for mankind the virtual reality games bring about. The latter stem from the fact that games occupy a substantial part of the player’s life: the world of games; the virtual world intrudes into the real world so much, that the player is deprived of a part of his real life and on numerous occasions deprived of his „here and now” identity. The virtual world makes it possible to escape from one’s own identity through the construction of some other identity; the identity that is often irresponsible and hypocritical. It appears that the dividing line of understanding what the virtual world and new media should be has been violated. Where are the borders of the real and the virtual world? The answers to the questions are to be found in the subsidiary principle and the moral order in the real and the virtual world.
EN
Misreporting of preferences is a common behavior among voters but still considered as moral wrongdoing. I propose the conceptual framework of its dilemmas and argue that tactical voting may NOT be regarded as a moral wrong if implemented in a popular election. I examine the relationship between strategic voting and its moral burden in correspondence to particular moral doubts possible to found in respective literature. Thanks to voting paradoxes revealed by mathematicians and economists gathered around a movement called social choice theory I challenge 1) “the consequentialistic argument” and 2) the “express value argument” which eventually is regarded as non-conclusive whereas it presupposes not commonly accepted view on the role of election in democracy itself. In answer to 3) “sincere argument” which suggests manipulation since the agent does not express one’s profound preference, so to say, does not vote naively, I distinguish sincere and insincere manipulations. Then, I challenge five of Sattherwaite’s “transparency arguments”: 4) inequality of skills, 5) inefficiency, 6) non-transparency of voters’ preferences, 7) non-transparency of representatives’ preferences, and 8) randomness, which I treat by and large as a valid with minor comments added. However, I believe that some of the “transparency arguments” can be adopted as a virtue rather than a vice of democracy, because encourage cooperation and induce to actualize ongoing coalitions. Finally, I distinguish a weak and a strong position against treating strategic voting as moral wrongdoing. Former one argues that strategic voting may be “sincere”, therefore morally acceptable according to argument 3). However, the latter rejects the election’s claim to bear any moral burden and persuades that voting itself should be perceived as an ethics-free decision-making device.
PL
Oddawanie głosu niespójnego z prawdziwymi preferencjami jest powszechnym zachowaniem wśród wyborców, ale nadal postrzeganym jako moralne przewinienie. Proponuję koncepcyjne ramy dylematów, przed którymi stoi wyborca i przekonuję, że głosowanie taktyczne nie jest moralnym przewinieniem, jeśli zostanie zastosowane w wyborach powszechnych. Badam związek między głosowaniem strategicznym a jego moralnym ciężarem w związku z wątpliwościami, które można znaleźć w literaturze fachowej. Dzięki paradoksom głosowania ujawnionym przez matematyków i ekonomistów skupionych wokół ruchu zwanego „teorią wyboru społecznego” kwestionuję 1) „argument konsekwencialistyczny” i 2) „argument ekspresjonistyczny”, które ostatecznie uważam za nieprzekonujące, gdyż maskują presupozycje niepowszechnie akceptowalne wśród filozofów politycznych co do roli wyborów w demokracji. W odpowiedzi na 3) „argument ze szczerości” sugerujący manipulację, ponieważ wyborca nie wyraża swoich szczerych preferencji, by tak rzec, nie głosuje naiwnie, rozróżniam manipulację szczerą i nieszczerą. Następnie podważam pięć „argumentów transparentności” Sattherwaite’a: 4) nierówność umiejętności, 5) nieefektywność, 6) brak przejrzystości preferencji wyborców, 7) brak przejrzystości preferencji przedstawicieli oraz 8) przypadkowość, które w zasadzie traktuję jako poprawne, z dodanymi drobnymi komentarzami. Uważam jednak, że niektóre z „argumentów transparentności” można traktować raczej jako cnotę niż wadę demokracji, ponieważ zachęcają do współpracy i skłaniają do aktualizowania trwających koalicji. Na koniec wyróżniam słabe i mocne stanowisko przeciwko traktowaniu głosowania strategicznego jako moralnego przewinienia. Pierwszy stoi na stanowisku, że głosowanie strategiczne może być „szczere”, a zatem moralnie akceptowalne odwołując się do argumentu nr 3). Z kolei drugi odrzuca przekonanie, że wyborca oddając głos podejmuje aktywność podatną na ocenę moralną, a same wybory powszechne powinny być postrzegane jako narzędzie podejmowania decyzji wolne od etycznych inklinacji.
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
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2019
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vol. 10
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issue 4
161-177
PL
W dyskursie moralnym cnoty wciąż zajmują centralne miejsce. Dzieje się tak, ponieważ dyskusje o moralności obracają się wokół pojęć cnoty i wady. Bierze się za pewnik, że wynikiem cnót są czyny dobre moralnie, natomiast wady prowadzą do czynów złych, powszechnie potępianych. Etycy cnót opierają swoje argumenty na założeniu, że czyny ludzkie są bezpośrednio połączone bądź to z cnotą, bądź z wadą. Każdej cnocie odpowiada nadmiar lub deficyt, którego przekroczenie wiąże się z przeciwną jej moralną dyspozycją, nazywaną wadą. W takim wypadku, powinna istnieć jakaś ustalona miara, na której podstawie rozróżniamy między cnotą a wadą. Jakie kryteria obowiązują w przypadku ustalania takiej miary? Co więcej, istnieje tradycyjny podział cnót na kardynalne i poboczne: jakie dokładnie cechy moralne winna mieć cnota, by być określona jako kardynalna? W artykule autor podejmuje próbę analizy jednej z tak zwanych cnót kardynalnych, mianowicie umiarkowania. Szczególny nacisk został położony na pojęciach wstydu i honoru, rozumianych w duchu dziedzictwa kulturowego szczepu Atyap. Celem autora jest znalezienie tych cech, które odpowiadają za ustanowienie umiarkowania cnotą kardynalną oraz podjęcie próby wyznaczenia miary, która odpowiada za wady związane z pojęciem umiarkowania.
EN
The place of virtues in moral discussions continues to occupy a central position. This is because moral arguments revolve around virtues and vices. It is taken for granted that virtues produce commendable good moral actions, whereas vices lead to immoral actions that are widely condemned. Virtue ethicists ground their arguments on the assumption that human actions are directly linked to either virtues or vices. But then, to each of the virtues, there exists a degree of excess or deficit, above or below which we begin to speak of counter habitual predispositions, called vices. If this is so, then there should be a way of ascertaining the measure on the basis of which we distinguish between a virtue and its vice. How do we justify the criteria for arriving at such a measure? More so, there is a traditional classification of virtues into cardinal and peripheral virtues: what exact moral features could a virtue exemplify in order to be classified as a cardinal rather than a peripheral virtue? In this article, the Author attempts the analysis of one of the so-called cardinal virtues, precisely that of temperance. He tries to highlight the concept of shame verses honour as viewed and practiced among the atyap cultural heritage in Africa. The goal is modest, namely: to highlight those moral features which justify the classification of temperance as a cardinal virtue and to account for the standard or measure which account for the distinguishing of the vices associated with temperance.
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