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EN
Bishop Caesarius of Arles went down in Church history as a zealous pastor who instructed his faithful on the essential truths of faith and morality through sermons, which in those days were a primary means of evangelization. However, the moral subject matter of his sermons, which is most prominent, is more than just simple admonitions or exhortations. He sought to present imperatives, prohibitions and incentives as elements of moral perfection, which is possible to realize, and which guarantees salvation. A telling example is Christ's command to love enemies, which is shown by Caesarius in the Sermons to the people primarily as a measure of Christian morality. The fulfillment of this command, whose fruits are the remission of sins, the conversion of neighbors, and personal salvation, is possible in all circumstances, and is a matter of a free decision of a person. The love of enemies was practiced by biblical characters (Jacob, Joseph, David, Job, Stephen); it is also to be found in the attitude of God towards sinners. In the long run, following this command of Christ means first of all fostering a love for God, which was restored to man by Christ through the Holy Spirit, and which is “the mother of all good works” (Sermo 39, 5).
PL
W niniejszym tekście skoncentrowano się na doskonałości moralnej i rodzinie jako miejscu, w którym człowiek nad nią pracuje. Podjęto zagadnienie doskonałości życia, która wywodzi się z warstwicowej teorii wychowania. Następnie uwzględniono jej trzy podstawowe ujęcia, czyli: doskonałość fundamentalną, doskonałość chrześcijańską i doskonałość charyzmatyczną. Całość została osadzona w rzeczywistości rodzinnej, która winna wychowywać do najwyższych wartości, dzięki którym człowiek może odczytać sens swojego życia
EN
The present paper focused on moral excellence and the family as a place of a person’s work on it. The questions of life excellence, the notion that stems from Stratified Theory of Education, were raised. Next, its three substantial dimensions were taken into consideration: fundamental excellence, Christian excellence, and charismatic excellence. All this was set in the reality of the family who should educate its members to pursue the highest values, which could enable them to understand the meaning of their lives.
RU
Основой для размышлений стала работа Владислава Татаркевича «О совершенстве». Автор занялся проблематикой нравственного совершенства, которая в философии встречается в двух вариантах: или как качество человека, который достиг максимального уровня возможностей, или как цель, к которой человек должен стремиться. Первая позиция ссылается на философию Аристотеля, а вторая – на философию Платона. В каждом из вариантов путь к совершенству является результатом индивидуального усилия, отсюда мотивация, склоняющая к нему, часто называется перфекционизмом. Однако, многие философы уверены, что достичь индивидуального совершенства невозможно из-за внешнего противоречия, которое возникает при такого типа усилиях. В статье также представлен обзор концепций совершенства сформулированных в прошлом в философии. В завершении автор указывает на пользу, которую получают конкрет-ные люди от собственного совершенства.
EN
The basis of deliberations is the work by Władysław Tatarkiewicz: On Perfection. The author studied a problem of moral perfection which in philosophy is treated in both ways: as a personality trait of a man that has achieved a maximum level of moral ability or as a goal to which a man should head for. First standpoint refers to Aristotle's philosophy, the second to Plato's. In both cases the way to perfection is a result of an individual effort hence motivations inducing to it are often called perfectionism. Many philosophers point out that reaching individual perfection is impossible due to inner contradictions coming out in this kind of activity. The article also reviews other conceptions of perfection set up in philosophy in the past. In summary the author points at the benefits which people attain by self-perfecting.
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