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1

Czy wiara decyduje o normach moralnych?

100%

Orzeszyna J.

Polonia Sacra

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 2

EN

Faith is a gift, because God takes the initiative to meet people. Any person accepting the gift of faith makes God the solid foundation of his life. The Christian faith can not exist “on its own”, since God’s revelation requires the authority of the Church, to not go wrong. Therefore, it is necessary to believe in the Church, where faith also grows and develops. Anyone who loses his connection to the Church, also loses faith. Moreover, the existence of the Church confirms the truth that faith determines moral principles. Accepting baptism signifies acceptance Christian morality and Christian teaching. The modern world wants to constrain Christian faith to the private sphere. The consequence of such an action is relativism of moral norms which subsequently lose their foundation which proceeds from the authority of the Church.

2

The Confucian Elements in the Book of Five Rings

88%

Ciecieląg E.

Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

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2014

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issue 27

41-55

EN

Confucianism arrived in Japan at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. Confucianism influenced the growth of feudalism and the creation of bushidô, the code of moral principles and an inspiration for Japanese warriors. Miyamoto Musashi was one of the most famous samurai in Japanese history. He established the Niten Ichi Ryû kendô school. In the Book of Five Rings, Musashi set down his own principles, in the belief that each of his students should live by them. Some Confucian elements were included in the Book of Five Rings.

3

Autentyzm a uczciwość. Zgodność czy rozbieżność?

88%

Gryżenia K.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2010

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vol. 13

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issue 1

EN

Our contemporary life is said to be in conformity with what we do. People tend to be honest and trustworthy unlike those in the past - in the Victorian times, for example, when there were elements of hypocrisy and conventional behaviour among citizens. Many people nowadays live their lives according to their own subjective beliefs; and they speak openly about their both good and bad deeds – even if some of them were kept secret to the public. And the public is equally open to tolerate or even accept them. An analysis of many cases in which people follow their own moral beliefs shows that this category of people are not always honest – only then, when their system of moral values is in accord with the objective system of moral values. Individual moral beliefs can be a result of false or relative moral theories, or even constructed to fit one’s moral attitude. Behaviour in which one respects the established principles, though may seem genuine, does not need to be considered honest. Following this kind of thinking, a man does not have any motivation or need to control himself – human-beings can dispense with self-development. The Victorian hypocrite had at least a due respect for moral values and knew that he had done wrong. His honesty followed what was good in his life but his deeds were all in all doomed to failure. Failure on the way of applying the right moral principles in life is not dishonesty. Every attempt to follow them inspires humans to undertake some spiritual efforts and gives opportunity to one’s own personal development.

4

Sovereignty and Autonomy of the Moral Subject

88%

Baran k. d. M.

Horyzonty Polityki

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2019

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vol. 10

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issue 30

EN

Research objective: The following article aims at clarifying the relation between the notion of autonomy of the moral subject and its sovereignty. The research problem and methodology: The notions of sovereignty and autonomy attributed to the moral subject seem to be used as synonyms. Yet in the political theory the two terms seem to have slightly different meaning. Is it justified to use these notions related to the moral subject as synonyms or should they rather be distinguished? Using the descriptive-analytic and comparative method the author examines the chosen sources considered as most important reference points for the matter. The process of argumentation: The article begins with the presentation of the conception of autonomy formulated by I. Kant as the most influential for the whole modernity. This conception can have a “moral realist” and “creative anti-realist” interpretation. Afterwards it presents the contemporary interpretation of autonomy by Kristine M. Korsgaard representing the “creative anti-realist” view. This creative anti-realist interpretation is confronted with its two critiques by John E. Hare and Charles Larmore. Research results: The result of the discussion in the article is the proposition to name the modern radical creative anti-realist interpretation of autonomy the sovereignty of the moral subject and thus distinguish between the notion of sovereignty and autonomy. Conclusions, innovations and recommendations: This view of autonomy is connected with the naturalistic world view which by many modern philosophers is accepted without further questioning, whereas it is not the only possible position. We should keep questioning the so called “metaphysics of the modern world” and formulate an alternative which gives a more adequate place to the moral reasons in the world.

5

Book of Changes: Cosmological and Anthropological Metaphors in Chinese Philosophy

75%

Sertdemir İ.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2021

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vol. 12

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issue 24

214-225

EN

Ancient Chinese history holds a quality which has syncretized traditional thought with its cultural wealth unified of mystical and mythological figures in the background. Such that classical documents, which had begun to be written before Common Era, has directly influenced the political regime, education system and status of society in China. One of the most prominent features of these works is to propound collective knowledge about perception of cosmology, attitudes to earthiness, community standards, policy and morality. Among Five Classics works of these masterpieces of Chinese philosophy, Book of Changes which stands closest to metaphysical narrative, mainly consists of the texts about prophecy. While this piece of work had been referred as a divination guide in Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC), it turned into a cosmological text that included a range of philosophical commentary during Warring States Period (475-221 BC). The mainstay of this remarkable change is the direct correlation of all the concepts and terms that characterize the worldly beyond along with the relevant text, especially yin-yang dualism, which symbolizes an extraordinary harmony in early Chinese thought. Traditional idea suggests reciprocity in which heaven, earth and man are interconnected to maintain natural order. However, the superiority attributed to human beings also brings compulsive responsibilities to idealize a compatible society. This paper aims to discuss influences of cosmological and anthropological items on human behaviors explained in prescriptive perspective.

6

Dekalog normatywnym punktem orientacyjnym w procesie wychowania czy archaiczną propozycją kulturową – komunikat z badań

63%

Skrocka D.

Język. Religia. Tożsamość

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2020

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issue 1/2(21/22)

97-114

PL

Wychowanie człowieka jest jednym z trudniejszych zadań, jakie stoją przed osobami odpowiedzialnymi za rozwój człowieka. Wymaga zaplanowania wybranych celów i przyjęcia określonych zasad pozwalających na odpowiedzialne i efektywne wspieranie wychowawczych zmian. Bez stabilnej hierarchii wartości i konsekwentnego odwoływania się do nich nie jest więc możliwe uzyskanie pedagogicznych zamierzeń. Dlatego w przeprowadzonych badaniach zapytano studentów o ich rozumienie Dekalogu i zasadność włączenia go w proces wychowawczy.

EN

Brining up a human is one of the most difficult tasks for those who are responsible for a man’s development. Upbringing requires planning particular goals and adopting certain principles which will allow to support educational changes in a responsible and effective way. Without a stable hierarchy of values and consequent referral to them it is impossible to obtain pedagogical intentions. In the conducted research, the students were asked to explain the way they perceived and understood the Decalogue. They were also enquired about the legitimacy of including it in the educational process.

7

Политическая философия справедливости Отфрида Хеффе

45%

Ситниченко (Sitniczenko) Л. А. L. A.

Studia Orientalne

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2015

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issue 1(7)

147-158

PL

Artykuł analizuje jeden z kluczowych problemów współczesnej filozofii politycznej – problem sprawiedliwości w świetle „nowego paradygmatu”, teorii wymiany transcendentalnej zaproponowanej przez Otfrieda Hoeffego. Autor tekstu bada wpływ tej koncepcji na zrozumienie kształtowania porządku moralnego i prawnego w nowoczesnym społeczeństwie. Aby móc właściwie zinterpretować teorię Hoeffego, należy spojrzeć na sprawiedliwość w kategoriach odpowiedzialności osobistej. Szczególne znaczenie autor tekstu przypisuje organicznej jedności moralnych i materialnych podstaw życia społecznego w przezwyciężaniu niesprawiedliwości społecznej. Stwierdza, że wolność i sprawiedliwość są zakorzenione w świecie i oparte na normach moralności i prawa. Artykuł stanowi podstawę metodologiczną dla zrozumienia filozofii politycznej sprawiedliwości O. Heffego, który uznaje wolność i sprawiedliwość za podstawowe warunki ludzkiej egzystencji.

EN

The paper covers an issue of justice in the light of a new paradigm in political philosophy proposed by Otfried Hoeffe’s theory of the exchange of justice. The author analyses the impact of this approach to justice upon understanding of how could contemporary society develop its fair moral and legal grounds. It is proved that for an adequate understanding of justice is its understanding as a personal responsibility, organically related to guidance on solidarity and recognition. Their interpretations of as well attempts to join moral and material grounds of social life to overcome of injustice are in the author’s focus. It is showed that freedom and justice are enrooted in a lifeword, as well relay upon formal norms and procedures of moral and justice. It gives a methodology for understanding of O. Hoeffe’s philosophy of political justice that states freedom and justice as basic conditions of human being.

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1 Academicus. International Scientific Journal

1 Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

1 Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

1 Horyzonty Polityki

1 Język. Religia. Tożsamość

1 Polonia Sacra

1 Studia Orientalne

1 Baran k. d. M.

1 Ciecieląg E.

1 Gryżenia K.

1 Orzeszyna J.

1 Sertdemir İ.

1 Skrocka D.

1 Ситниченко (Sitniczenko) Л. А. L. A.

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