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Morphological variability of Fomes fomentarius basidiomata based on literature data

100%
Gáperová S., Gáper J., Gašparcová T., Náplavová K., Pristaš P.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2016
EN
Currently two morphological species of the genus Fomes (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) are known: F. fomentarius (L.) Fr. and F. fasciatus (Sw.) Cooke. Both species are very important in the decomposition of wood and in the nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Moreover, F. fomentariusis also known as a source of medicinal and nutraceutical products. Recently the existence of three separate ITS lineages/sublineages among F. fomentarius strains has been clearly established – A1 (the strains isolated from North America), A2 (only from Europe) and B (from Europe and Asia). In this review the current knowledge of the morphological variability of F. fomentarius basidiomata has been summarized in respect of the reliable separation of its lineages/sublineages. Micro- and macrofeatures and geographic variability of the basidiomata have been described. Morphological traits of the F. fomentarius basidiomata can vary due to geographical distribution. These phenotypic differences can be based on the presence of several groups or interactions between the genotype and environment. However, no clear differences between basidiomata, useful for reliable separation of the lineages/sublineages, have been observed so far. A recent description in North American Fomes research articles is based on basidiomata of the A1 sublineage. It is most possible that the descriptions in European literature are based on basidiomata of two other lineages/sublineages and thus we cannot discriminate between them. In the future a detailed study of the macro- and microtraits – pileus and pore surface colors, basidioma size, depth of tube layer, and basidiospore size – is therefore proposed for reliable separation of the lineages/sublineages of F. fomentarius.
2
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Biedronka azjatycka

75%
Kołątaj K.
Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa
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2014
|
issue 3
25-30
EN
Multicolored Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis) originates from middle-east Asia. It is an invasive species, which can be found in the majority of continents, due to its introduction on a wide range in USA and in Europe. It was commonly applied as a pest agent against aphids in the field crops, orchards, gardens and in greenhouses. In Poland this beetle was first time recorded in 2006. Since that moment it colonized substantial area of Poland. In 2008 the Polish Ecological Research Centre started to lead the monitoring of propagation of this species within the country. Despite the fact that this beetle is able to reduce very effectively the populations of aphids and other similar pests, it become a threat to native species of lady beetles and burdensome to people. Apart from this, Multicolored Asian lady beetle can cause some damage in fruit, what can take a place particularly when the level of populations of aphids is low. Especially wine producers suffered from financial losses caused by this insect. Before the winter it can quite often migrate in large number into the buildings and flats and stain the walls, furniture, clothes or electronic equipment. It can also bite people and cause allergic reactions at some of them. It is an aggressive predator with high reproductive potential. In the newly occupied habitats it can disturb the ecological balance of these places by displacing native species. Very characteristic for multicolored Asian lady beetle is extremely high morphological variability.
3
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Korpus českého jazyka 2. poloviny 19. století

51%
Kučera K., Najbrtová K., Pivoňková K., Řehořková A., Stluka M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2019
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vol. 101
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issue 1
92-98
EN
The paper describes the principles and structure of the one-million-word DIA1900 Corpus built at the Institute of the Czech National Corpus (CNC) in Prague, focused on the language of Czech texts published in the years 1851 to 1900. The DIA1900, planned for publication by June 2020 and to be followed by the DIA1850 (a corpus built around the same principles, with the focus on the first half of the 19th century), observes both the balanced representation of the three major text types (belles lettres — journalistic texts — technical/scientific texts) and the system of morphological tagging implemented in the synchronic corpora included in the CNC project, thus facilitating the diachronic comparison of two stages in the development of Czech. A brief description is given of the structure of the morphological terminology used in the lemmatisation and tagging of the corpus, and of two tools designed to help search the 19th century texts with their fluctuating orthographic consistency combined with phonological and morphological variation characteristics of the language of the period: (1) a multiple select/suggest feature (reminding the user of the existence of non-standard orthographic and phonological variants of the lemma found in the corpus before the lemma search is started) and (2) the position attribute (informing the user of the ambiguous status of a word in the text, resulting from a misprint or misspelling, damaged page etc.).
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