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This article is a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic comparison of three interrelated emotional categories of shame, embarrassment and guilt in two different cultural settings of individualistic societies, as represented here by Britain and America, and a collectivist society, such as Poland. The conceptual field of SHAME is operationalized through its three near-synonymous adjectival exponents, "ashamed"/"zawstydzony", "embarrassed"/"zażenowany", and "guilty"/"winny". Drawing on relevant research in social and cognitive psychology as well as linguistics, the present study applies advanced quantitative corpus-based methodology to reconstruct the cultural and conceptual profiles of the three emotions.
EN
Stemming from a conviction that the same phenomenon can be construed differently by different cognisers, metaphors used “reflect[ing] and effect[ing] underlying construal operations which are ideological in nature” (Hart 2011, 2), the present paper investigates how the conceptualisation and linguistic construction of IMMIGRANTS changed over time, forwarding a convenient representation of reality. To that end, the study marries the Cognitive Linguistic approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (Charteris-Black 2004; Hart 2010; 2011; 2015) with the multifactorial usage-feature analysis (Glynn 2010). The results have shown that in the times of increased migration IMMIGRANTS were objectified, their otherness foregrounded through appropriate discursive strategies and topoi. Curbing immigration in later periods contributed to an observable shift in the linguistic representation of the immigrant out-group.
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