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On the potential for using selected PCA-based methods to analyze the crime rate in Poland

100%
Misztal M.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
|
2019
|
issue vol. 23 no. 2
15-32
EN
The aim of the paper is to assess the potential for using some selected PCA-based methods to analyze the spatial diversity of crime in Poland during 2000-2017. Classical principal components analysis (PCA) deals with two-way matrices, usually taking into account objects and variables. In the case of data analyzed in the study, apart from two dimensions (objects – voivodships, variables – criminal offences), there is also the dimension of time, so the dataset can be seen as data cube: objects × variables × time. Therefore, this type of data requires the use of methods handling three-way data structures. In the paper the variability of some selected categories of criminal offences in time (2000- -2017) and space (according to voivodships) is analyzed using the between-class and the within-class principal component analysis. The advantage of these methods is, among others, the possibility of the graphical presentation of the results in two-dimensional space with the use of factorial maps.
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On the application of selected exploratory data analysis methods to assess differences in the level of sustainable development in the environmental domain of voivodships in Poland

72%
MISZTAL M.
Economic and Environmental Studies
|
2018
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vol. 18
|
issue 2
747-761
EN
The purpose of the study was to assess the differences in the level of sustainable development in environmental domain of voivodships in Poland in the years 2008-2015. Seven indicators belonging to 3 areas of the environmental domain (energy, air protection, waste management) were analysed with the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and the between-class PCA. The results revealed large differences between voivodships mainly due to the level of air pollutants emissions from plants especially noxious to air purity. It has also been shown that in the years 2008-2015 a visible increase in the outlays on fixed assets serving environmental protection and development of ecological awareness of society was observed.
PL
Celem pracy była ocena różnic w poziomie zrównoważonego rozwoju województw w Polsce w zakresie ładu środowiskowego w latach 2008-2015. Do analiz wykorzystano 7 wskaźników ładu środowiskowego należących do 3 obszarów tematycznych (energia, ochrona powietrza, gospodarka odpadami). Zastosowano analizę głównych składowych (PCA) oraz międzygrupową analizę głównych składowych (between-class PCA). Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono występowanie różnic między województwami przede wszystkim ze względu na emisję zanieczyszczeń powietrza (gazowych i pyłowych) z zakładów szczególnie uciążliwych. Wykazano także, że w latach 2008-2015 nastąpił wyraźny wzrost nakładów na środki trwałe służące ochronie środowiska związane z oszczędzaniem energii elektrycznej a także rozwój świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństwa.
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