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Spatiotemporal analysis of Polish municipal budget expenditure on selected categories of cultural institutions in the years 2003 to 2016

100%
Suchecki A. M.
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
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2019
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issue 2(48)
37-44
EN
Objectives: The main aim of the article is to analyse changes in spending on culture with regard to four selected groups: libraries, community cultural centres, heritage and monument protection, and others in the years 2003 to 2016. This article also looks at the sum of municipal budgets in individual provinces. Research Design and Methods: For the selected years, location quotients (LQ) were used to show the spatial diversity of cultural expenditure in the municipalities of particular voivodships. To illustrate the diversity of municipal expenditure on culture in particular years of the analysis was made using a dynamic modification of Knudsen’s regression model of share transfers proposed by Berzeg (the SSANOVA model). Findings: The increase in the share of cultural expenditure followed by a decline thereof may indicate that in 2011-2014 the municipalities in Poland made significant expenditure on culture, which could have been aimed at improving both hard and soft cultural infrastructure. Analysis using the Knudsen model revealed a disturbing tendency to decrease the share of municipal expenditure devoted to culture in total expenditure. Implications/Recommendations: The fact that the majority of municipalities in Poland in the analysed period devoted a higher share of expenditure to cultural purposes than average spending of this type for Poland may indicate a change in the approach of local authorities to the culture as a potential factor for the development of a municipality, rather than unnecessary budget expenditure. The downward trend in the share of cultural expenditure of municipalities in their total expenditure may, though not necessarily does, indicate a change in the direction of cultural policy of local governments in Poland. Contribution/Value Added: This approach opens new possibilities for analysing cultural expenditure from local budgets, as well as local cultural policies and the effectiveness of public finances.
2
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Ways of Mobilizing Funds from the Population by Municipalities: Foreign and Russian Experience

100%
Kopin D., Kopina A., Muffatto U.
Financial Law Review
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2021
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vol. 22
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issue 3
1-18
EN
It is generally recognized that local self-government is the most effective way to meet the basic socio-economic needs of the population. It is local self-government that takes on those public law functions that, by their very nature, cannot be realized by the forces of the state. The existing mechanisms of interaction between the state and local self-government are built on the basis of the principle of subsidiarity, aimed at supporting local budgets by the state, but they cannot always ensure sufficient and timely replenishment of local budgets. So, for example, we are left to conclude that local government is unable to influence such parameters as the collection and distribution of taxes. Although tax revenues are partially distributed in favor of local government, municipalities are often forced to look for sources of additional funding, which can be carried out at the expense of the population. The article aims to analyze the existing mechanisms for mobilizing funds from the population by municipalities in the world in general and in Russia in particular.
3
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Wydatki związane z infrastrukturą techniczną

88%
Śleszyński P.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2018
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vol. 182
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issue 2
196-228
4
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Społeczno-ekonomiczne skutki chaosu przestrzennego dla osadnictwa i struktury funkcjonalnej terenów

88%
Śleszyński P.
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
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2018
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vol. 182
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issue 2
29-80
5
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Shrinking municipalities and their budgetary revenues on the example of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland

88%
Wichowska A.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2019
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vol. 10
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issue 3
419-432
EN
Research background: Adverse demographic changes in many local administration units around the world lead to their shrinkage. These processes are usually accompanied by economic changes. The economic consequences of shrinkage can be assessed based on the budgetary revenues of local units, which are largely dependent on the local population and the demographic structure. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to evaluate the shrinkage of Polish municipalities and the effects of population change on the budgetary revenues of local administration units. The analysis was conducted in selected municipalities of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship, which is the least economically developed region in Poland. The analysis covered the period between 2012 and 2017. Methods: The shrinkage of municipalities was evaluated with the use of the methods proposed by the Shrinking Cities International Research Network (SCIRN). According to this methodology, a local unit shrinks when the annual decrease in population exceeds 0.15% for more than five consecutive years. The influence of demographic changes on the budgetary revenues of municipalities was evaluated with the use of linear correlation analysis (Pearson's r) as well as a survey conducted among municipal treasurers in the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship.  Findings & Value added: Symptoms of shrinkage were described in selected municipalities of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship. The presence of correlations between different categories of budgetary revenues and demographic changes was confirmed. The results of the study and the formulated practical recommendations constitute constructive inputs to the discussion on possible solutions to the analyzed problem. They can also be used in further research to analyze other aspects of municipal budgets (the consequences of depopulation for budgetary expenditures, municipal debt, etc.) or conduct comparisons with other regions in Poland and in the world.
6
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Impact of the ageing of populations on local government revenues and expenditures

75%
Kopańska A.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2023
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vol. 68
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issue 3
1-21
PL
Starzenie się ludności jest wyzwaniem dla finansów publicznych. Problem ten lepiej rozpoznano na poziomie państwa niż na poziomie jednostek samorządowych. Celem badania omawianego w artykule jest ocena wpływu starzenia się mieszkańców na dochody i wydatki gmin ogółem oraz na ich najważniejsze części. Przeprowadzono analizę ekonometryczną (regresję z efektami stałymi) danych panelowych dla 2414 gmin za lata 2004-2019, które pochodziły ze sprawozdań budżetowych zbieranych przez Ministerstwo Finansów. Poprzedzono ją przeglądem literatury międzynarodowej i analizą zmian demograficznych w gminach opartą na danych z Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS. Pozytywnie zweryfikowano hipotezę, że w przypadku wzrostu udziału osób starszych w populacji budżet gminy się kurczy. Zaobserwowano również spadek dochodów i wydatków per capita. Może się to przekładać na niższą jakość usług publicznych oferowanych przez starzejącą się gminę lub ich mniejszą dostępność, co w największym stopniu dotknie osoby niesamodzielne i uboższe, które częściej niż inni korzystają z lokalnych usług publicznych. Jak wykazano w badaniu, gminy z przewagą ludzi starszych wydają mniej na domy opieki społecznej niż gminy z mniejszym odsetkiem seniorów, chociaż właśnie ta forma wsparcia jest szczególnie potrzebna w starzejących się gminach. Problem starzenia się ludności może zatem pogłębiać nierówności horyzontalne między gminami. Przeciwdziałanie temu zjawisku wymaga nie tylko odpowiedniej polityki centralnej, lecz także opracowania strategii lokalnych.
EN
Ageing populations are a challenge for public finances. The problem is recognised better at country than at local level. This study aims to analyse the impact of the ageing of populations on the revenues and expenditures of Polish municipalities, as well as on their most important components. The author performed an econometric analysis (fixed effects regression) of panel data for 2,414 municipalities between 2004 and 2019. The data for the study was obtained from budgetary statements of Polish municipalities collected by the Ministry of Finance. It was preceded by an international literature review and an analysis of demographic changes in municipalities. The demographic data came from the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland. The study positively verified the hypothesis that if the proportion of elderly citizens in a municipality increases, the local budget shrinks. A decrease in revenues and spending per capita was observed, which could mean that in ageing municipalities, citizens receive fewer and/or lower-quality public services. Since public services are in greater demand among lowerincome and less self-supporting citizens, they will be influenced by the cutting of local budgets to the largest extent. The study showed that ageing municipalities tend to spend less on care homes than those where the proportion of the elderly is smaller, even though this form of care is particularly needed in ageing communities. It means that the ageing problem might deepen horizontal inequalities between municipalities. Preventing this from happening requires effective local strategies in addition to a well-devised central policy.
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